350 research outputs found
Widespread 25-hydroxyvitamin D deficiency in affluent and nonaffluent pregnant Indian women
Objectives. This cross-sectional study primarily aimed to assess vitamin D adequacy in the third trimester of pregnancy using 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) and explore lifestyle characteristics (sun exposure index, diet, and economic indicators) associated with serum 25(OH)D. The secondary aim was to examine the relationship of serum 25(OH)D with birth weight and gestational age. Methods. Serum 25(OH)D was measured by chemiluminescent immunoassay in 150 pregnant women from Mumbai. Sun exposure index was computed. Dietary calcium, phytate : calcium ratio, and dietary phosphorus was calculated using the 24-hour diet recall method. Results. All women had 25(OH)D levels < 30.00 ng/ml. Multivariable linear regression showed that nonaffluent women had poorer 25(OH)D status than their affluent counterparts (β=-0.20; P=0.03). Higher sun exposure index was associated with higher 25(OH)D concentrations (β=0.31; P<0.001), which remained significant after controlling for covariates. At the bivariate level, mothers of infants weighing <2500 g had lower serum 25(OH)D concentrations compared to mothers whose infants weighed ≥2500 g (P=0.02). This association became non-significant after controlling for covariates. Conclusions. Vitamin D deficiency was universally prevalent in the cohort studied. There is a need to develop culturally sensitive strategies for improving the 25(OH)D status
Dietary diversity and anthropometric status of 6–36 months old children of Mumbai city
Background: Dietary diversity (DD) is an indicator of food security, accessibility, availability, and also a significant predictor of growth. Poor feeding practices are responsible for low DD which affects the nutritional status of child. Objective: The objective of the study was to assess the association of DD with nutritional status of urban slum children. Methodology: Data were collected using structured interview schedule on 823 children from 16 slums of western suburbs of Mumbai city. DD score was calculated using food frequency questionnaire as per Food and Agriculture Organization. Weight and height measurements of all children were taken using standard techniques, and nutritional status was assessed using Z scores in terms of wasting, stunting, and underweight as per the World Health Organization norms. Results: About 5.4% children were severely wasted, 10.2% children were severely underweight, and 24.7% children were severely stunted. About 22.1% children had low DD scores, 41.3% had scores indicating medium diversity, and 36.6% children had high scores for DD. Children who were severely undernourished, i.e. those whose Z scores were ≤3 tended to have lower DD scores than their better-nourished counterparts for all three nutritional status indicators - weight for height, weight for age, and height for age. Conclusion: DD plays an important role in improving the nutritional status of child. Therefore, there is need to educate mothers in terms of DD to improve nutritional status of children
High-spin structure and Band Termination in Cd
Excited states of the neutron deficient Cd nucleus have been
investigated via the Ge(Cl, p3n) reaction at beam energy of 135
MeV by use of in-beam spectroscopic methods. Gamma rays depopulating the
excited states were detected using the Gammasphere spectrometer with high-fold
-ray coincidences. A quadrupole -ray coincidence analysis
() has been used to extend the known level scheme. The positive
parity levels have been established up to and
MeV. In addition to the observation of highly-fragmented level scheme belonging
to the positive-parity sequences at E 5 MeV, the termination of a
negative-parity sequence connected by transitions has been established at
and MeV. The experimental results
corresponding to both the positive- and negative-parity sequences have been
theoretically interpreted in the framework of the core particle coupling model.
Evidence is presented for a shape change from collective prolate to
non-collective oblate above the (8011 keV) level and for a
smooth termination of the negative-parity band.Comment: 19 pages, 8 figures. Submitted to Phys. Rev.
Magnitude of undernutrition in children aged 2 to 4 years using CIAF and conventional indices in the slums of Mumbai city
Conventional indicators \u2013 weight-for-age, height-for-age,
weight-for-height and mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC) reflect
different facets of the nutritional status. Weight-for-age is the most
commonly used indicator. When used individually or in combination,
conventional indices fail to depict the overall magnitude of
undernutrition in the population. Composite Index of Anthropometric
Failure (CIAF) is an alternative classification system which attempts
to fill this lacuna. Thus, we undertook this study with the objective
to compare the prevalence of undernutrition using CIAF and the
conventional indices. We included 634 children aged between 2 to 4
years from anganwadis located in three areas of Mumbai. Weight, height
and MUAC measurements were taken. Z scores were computed for
weight-for-age (WAZ), height-for-age (HAZ) and weight-for-height (WHZ)
using WHO Anthro software. Children were classified as per the
conventional indices and CIAF. The prevalence of underweight, stunting
and wasting was 35.7 %, 33.8 % and 18.5 % respectively. None of the
children had MUAC < 11.5 cm. About 1 % of the children were
moderately wasted according to MUAC. As per CIAF, 47.8 % children were
undernourished. According to CIAF, one-third of the undernourished
children had single anthropometric failure while half of them had dual
failure and 17.1 % had multiple failures. When compared with the
conventional indices, CIAF could recognize 12.1 %, 14.0 %, 29.3 % and
46.7 % more undernourished children than WAZ, HAZ, WHZ and MUAC
respectively. In conclusion, CIAF is seen to have many advantages over
the conventional indices. CIAF is useful in assessing the overall
magnitude of undernutrition and identifying children with multiple
anthropometric failures. It also recognizes more undernourished
children than all the conventional indices. Therefore, CIAF should be
used more widely as a tool for nutritional assessment particularly in
developing countries where the burden of undernutrition is high
Semi-automatic tool to identify heterogeneity zones in lge-cmr and incorporate the result into a 3d model of the left ventricle
Fatal scar-related arrhythmias are caused by an abnormal electrical wave propagation around non conductive scarred tissue and through viable channels of reduced conductivity. Late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) is the gold-standard procedure used to differentiate the scarred tissue from the healthy, highlighting the dead cells. The border regions responsible for creating the feeble channels are visible as gray zones. Identifying and monitoring (as they may evolve) these areas may predict the risk of arrhythmias that may lead to cardiac arrest. The main goal of this project is the development of a system able to aid the user in the extraction of geometrical and physiological information from LGE images and the replication of myocardial heterogeneities onto a three-dimensional (3D) structure, built by the methods described by our team in another publication, able to undergo electro-physiologic simulations. The system components were developed in MATLAB R2019b the first is a semi-automatic tool, to identify and segment the myocardial scars and gray zones in every two-dimensional (2D) slice of a LGE CMR dataset. The second component takes these results and assembles different sections while setting different conductivity values for each. At this point, the resulting parts are incorporated into the functional 3D model of the left ventricle, and therefore the chosen values and regions can be validated and redefined until a satisfactory result is obtained. As preliminary results we present the first steps of building one functional Left ventricle (LV) model with scarred zones.authorsversionpublishe
High-spin structure and Band Termination in Cd
Excited states of the neutron deficient Cd nucleus have been
investigated via the Ge(Cl, p3n) reaction at beam energy of 135
MeV by use of in-beam spectroscopic methods. Gamma rays depopulating the
excited states were detected using the Gammasphere spectrometer with high-fold
-ray coincidences. A quadrupole -ray coincidence analysis
() has been used to extend the known level scheme. The positive
parity levels have been established up to and
MeV. In addition to the observation of highly-fragmented level scheme belonging
to the positive-parity sequences at E 5 MeV, the termination of a
negative-parity sequence connected by transitions has been established at
and MeV. The experimental results
corresponding to both the positive- and negative-parity sequences have been
theoretically interpreted in the framework of the core particle coupling model.
Evidence is presented for a shape change from collective prolate to
non-collective oblate above the (8011 keV) level and for a
smooth termination of the negative-parity band.Comment: 19 pages, 8 figures. Submitted to Phys. Rev.
A Composite Chiral Pair of Rotational Bands in the odd-A Nucleus 135Nd
High-spin states in 135Nd were populated with the 110Pd(30Si,5n)135Nd
reaction at a 30Si bombarding energy of 133 MeV. Two Delta(I)=1 bands with
close excitation energies and the same parity were observed. These bands are
directly linked by Delta(I)=1 and Delta(I)=2 transitions. The chiral nature of
these two bands is confirmed by comparison with three-dimensional tilted axis
cranking calculations. This is the first observation of a three-quasiparticle
chiral structure and established the primarily geometric nature of this
phenomenon.Comment: 10 pages, 5 figures (1 in color), 1 table, submitted to Physics
Review Letters, written in REVTEX4 forma
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