Aortic aneurysm and non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma in Marfan syndrome

The combination of Marfan syndrome with lymphoma is extremely rare. This report describes a case of Marfan syndrome who presented with chest discomfort and was diagnosed to have an aortic aneurysm and an additional incidental mediastinal mass that on further investigation turned out to be a diffuse large B cell lymphoma. We have suggested a hypothesis which can explain the occurrence of lymphoma in Marfan syndrome

Probing the NMSSM via Higgs boson signatures from stop cascade decays at the LHC

Higgs signatures from the cascade decays of light stops are an interesting possibility in the next to minimal supersymmetric standard model (NMSSM). We investigate the potential reach of the light stop mass at the 13 TeV run of the LHC by means of five NMSSM benchmark points where this signature is dominant. These benchmark points are compatible with current Higgs coupling measurements, LHC constraints, dark matter relic density and direct detection constraints. We consider single and di-lepton search strategies, as well as the jet-substructure technique to reconstruct the Higgs bosons. We find that one can probe stop masses up to 1.2 TeV with 300 $\rm fb^{-1}$ luminosity via the di-lepton channel, while with the jet-substructure method, stop masses up to 1 TeV can be probed with 300 $\rm fb^{-1}$ luminosity. We also investigate the possibility of the appearance of multiple Higgs peaks over the background in the fat-jet mass distribution, and conclude that such a possibility is viable only at the high luminosity run of 13 TeV LHC.Comment: 20 pages, 5 figures; Two figures updated, typos corrected. Matched with the published versio

Primary clear cell adenocarcinoma of vagina - not associated with diethylstilbestrol exposure

The primary clear cell adenocarcinoma (PCCA) of the vagina and the cervix are commonly associated with in utero exposure to diethylstilbestrol (DES). However, it can occur without DES exposure in utero. Due to rare occurrence, there is paucity of data on the literature on non-DES associated PCCA of the vagina. Here we describe a case of 45 years old woman presented with irregular vaginal bleeding with small nodule in the vagina. The growth was excised and sent for histopathological examination, after which the diagnosis turned out to be a case of PPCA of the vagina. After the diagnosis, definite treatment was planned in the form of hysterectomy and pelvic lymphadenectomy and all structures were free of tumour on histopathological examination. The patient remained disease free on short term follow up. The rarity of the occurrence of such a case of PPCA of vagina in Indian scenario and the uniqueness of it in terms of non-association with DES exposure prompted us to report this case

Diabetes in the time of COVID-19 pandemic: A knife with two sharp ends

512-520Interactions of current pandemic COVID-19 and pre-existing major health burden Diabetes Mellitus have posed a serious global public health crisis. The emergence of COVID-19 as a communicable viral infection along with the presence of non-communicable diabetes, have transformed the health system into a knife with two sharp ends. Though diabetes worldwide is almost 20 times more than COVID-19 positive cases, the severe virulence and pathogenesis coincides with the routine treatment and pathogenesis of diabetes making it one of the most serious comorbid factors. The first three deaths due to COVID-19 reported in China were diabetes patients. The severity of the association of diabetes with COVID-19 ranges from 5 to 20%. Type 1 diabetes mellitus and type 2 diabetes mellitus increase the susceptibility to infections and their complications. The present study was attempted to review probable interaction between these two global health burdens and possible suggestive management to control their detrimental effect. An intensive online search was conducted using two databases, PubMed and Google Scholar. Most hypothesized pathways for COVID-19 infection are the ACE2 receptors and RAAS system followed by the DPP4 receptor pathway. This review proposes that proper and timely management of the COVD-19 patients with diabetes comorbidity might reduce COVID-19 disease burden

Remodeling of the antegonial angle region in the human mandible : a panoramic radiographic cross-sectional study

Objectives: This study analyzed changes in the antegonial region in relation to age, gender, and dental status. Study design: A total of one thousand patients (five hundred males and five hundred females), who were prescribed panoramic radiograph for various purposes were included in the study. The patients were categorized according to age, gender and dentition status. Panoramic radiographs were traced and antegonial angles and depths were measured. Results: A trend of decrease in the antegonial angle and increase in antegonial depth with age was observed in both males and females. Furthermore there were differences between right and left side antegonial angle and depth, with left side angle more than right and right side depth more than left. There was a significant decrease in the values of antegonial angle and significant increase in the values of antegonial depth as the dentition status changed from completely dentulous to partially dentulous and from partially dentulous to completely edentulous state. Conclusions: The antegonial angle decreases with the advancing age and thereby increases the antegonial depth. Similar trends are seen when teeth are lost. Furthermore there is an inherent asymmetry in the antegonial region in right and left side

Recent Advances in Research on Down Syndrome

Down syndrome (DS) or trisomy 21 is one of the most important genetic causes of mental retardation. Sincere and significant attempts have been made towards understanding the congenital diseases that affect DS patients. Better understanding of gene networks associated with such malformations will help to predict the complex genetic trait behind congenital disease in DS and will also provide the basis for tailored gene therapies that could begin to heal or prevent such malformation without the need to resort to invasive surgery. Further, susceptible mutation screening in women will also be helpful for both prenatal diagnosis of DS birth and assessing the risk of predisposition to Alzheimer’s disease and congenital heart disease. Stress condition and neurodegeneration are two important markers in Down syndrome patients and mtDNA variation can also be used as an important biomarker. It has been suggested that nutraceuticals which reduce reactive oxygen species (ROS) level may be used to treat trisomy 21 condition. As mitochondria play a crucial role in the regulation of free radicals, only a detail analysis will reveal the origin of phenotypic characteristics among trisomy 21 DS patients. On the other hand, several mechanisms are responsible for neurodegeneration as well as altered cognition. It includes impaired neurogenesis leading to hypocellularity in the cortex, hippocampus and cerebellum, altered dendritic morphology, altered synapses, increased inhibition and neurodegeneration. The new knowledge of the pathogenic mechanisms in DS individuals has been acquired from mouse model. These studies provide the basis for developing new drugs for clinical trials in DS individuals and to sustain the hope that some of these drugs will be useful in treating intellectual disability in DS individuals

Fluids and melts in planetary interiors: From crust to core-mantle boundaries

International audienceAqueous fluids and melts (silicate, carbonate/carbonatites or metallic melts) are major vectors of massand heat transfer in planetary interiors and play an important role in a variety of geochemical andgeodynamical processes that shape the internal and surficial evolution of planetary systems. Theseprocesses occur over a broad range of pressure and temperatures that span from shallow crustal conditions(e.g., magma chamber processes, ore deposit formation) to the deep core-mantle boundaries (e.g.,planetary differentiation), and they are strongly influenced by the physical, chemical and structuralproperties of aqueous fluids and melts at relevant pressure and temperature conditions. Over the lastdecade, major progress has been made in the determination of the properties of aqueous fluids and meltsthanks to the development of advanced experimental and computational methods. The goal of this specialissue is to highlight some of these advancements and to discuss new views and open questions related tomass transfer and melting in planetary interiors, from crustal conditions to core-mantle boundaries andfrom the atomic to the planetary scales