On Hydromagnetic Channel Flow of an Oldroyd-B Fluid induced by Pulses of Longitudinal Impulses

A flow problem concerning motion of an incompressible electrically conducting Oldroyd-B fluid in a channel bounded by two infinite rigid non-conducting parallel plates in presence of an external magnetic field acting in a direction normal to the plates has been solved in this paper. The unsteady motion is supposed to generate impulsively from rest in the fluid due to pulses of longitudinal impulses applied periodically on the upper plate in its own plane with the lower plate held fixed. There is no external electric field acting on the system and the magnetic Reynolds number is very small. The operational method is used to obtain the exact solutions for the velocity field and the skin-friction on the walls. The influence of the magnetic field and the fluid elasticity on the flow as well as on the skin-frictions are examined quantitatively. Solutons for the hydromagnetic and hydrodynamic situations are derived as special cases of the present analysis

On some subclasses of circular-arc catch digraphs

Catch digraphs was introduced by Hiroshi Maehera in 1984 as an analog of intersection graphs where a family of pointed sets represents a digraph. After that Prisner continued his research particularly on interval catch digraphs by characterizing them diasteroidal triple free. It has numerous applications in the field of real world problems like network technology and telecommunication operations. In this article we introduce a new class of catch digraphs, namely circular-arc catch digraphs. The definition is same as interval catch digraph, only the intervals are replaced by circular-arcs here. We present the characterization of proper circular-arc catch digraphs, which is a natural subclass of circular-arc catch digraphs where no circular-arc is contained in other properly. We do the characterization by introducing a concept monotone circular ordering for the vertices of the augmented adjacency matrices of it. Next we find that underlying graph of a proper oriented circular-arc catch digraph is a proper circular-arc graph. Also we characterize proper oriented circular-arc catch digraphs by defining a certain kind of circular vertex ordering of its vertices. Another interesting result is to characterize oriented circular-arc catch digraphs which are tournaments in terms of forbidden subdigraphs. Further we study some properties of an oriented circular-arc catch digraph. In conclusion we discuss the relations between these subclasses of circular-arc catch digraphs

Relationship of Heart Rate with Oxygen Consumption of adult male workers from Service and Manufacturing Sectors

The purpose of the present study was to find a relationship between Heart Rate (HR) and Oxygen Consumption of industrial workers. HR and Oxygen Consumption of 135 adult males from service sector and 49 adult male from manufacturing sector in the age group of 40-50 years were measured by direct (breath-by-breath technique using Cortex Metamax 3B) measurement using computerized Bi-cycale ergometer. The correlation coefficients of HR with oxygen consumption of Service and Manufacturing sectors were 0.82 and 0.81 and Mean Square Error were 24.02 and 29.54. These two group were merged (135+49=185) and an Experimental group was formed (Phase I). In Phase II Prediction equation for oxygen consumption was developed from the regression analysis. The correlation coefficient of HR with oxygen consumption was 0.82 and Mean Square Error (MSE) was 24.27. In Phase III 100 new subjects (Validation group) were chosen at random from service and manufacturing sector. There oxygen consumption was determined by using laboratory technique and also by prediction equation developed in phase II. Test-retest correlation values showed high correlation coefficient 0.85 and MSE 16.24. The higher correlation value shows the accuracy of the prediction equation developed in the present study

Study of Thermo-Sensitive In-Situ Gels for Ocular Delivery

The aim of the present study was the development of thermo-sensitive in-situ gels for in-vitro evaluation of ophthalmic delivery systems of ketorolac tromethamine (KT), based on methylcellulose (MC) in combination with hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose (HPMC). The gel temperature of 1% MC solution was observed at 60°C. It was found that 6% oral rehydration salt without dextrose (ORS) was capable to reduce the gel temperature below physiological temperature. HPMC was added to increase viscosity and drug release time. The results indicated a large increase in viscosity at 37°C with addition of HPMC whch provided sustained release of the drug over a 4h period. From in-vitro release studies, it could be concluded that the developed systems were thus a better alternative to conventional eye drops

Utility of scrape cytology in the diagnosis of ovarian masses

Background: Cytology is a useful adjunct to frozen section for rapid diagnosis of neoplastic pathology. However frozen section facility is available in limited centres. Therefore, we undertook this study to find out role of scrape cytology for diagnosis of ovarian masses.Methods: It is an observational study done in a medical college. One hundred ovarian masses were collected for a period of eighteen months. Cut surface of ovarian masses were scraped with edge of a glass slide. Smears were prepared and stained with H and E stain, examined and a presumptive diagnosis was given. The verification of cytological diagnosis was done by histopathological report. All the data were recorded, tabulated and analyzed with the help of standard statistical methods using Microsoft XL.Results: A total of hundred cases were studied. Left ovary was involved in 38 cases, right ovary in 52 cases and bilateral ovaries in 10 cases. Malignant cases mostly yielded hyper cellular smear. On Chi square test, it was significant with value of less than .001. The overall sensitivity and specificity of scrape cytology in diagnosing ovarian neoplasm, considering HPE as gold standard, are 98% and 78% respectively. In Dysgerminoma, Papillary adenocarcinoma, Mucinous Cystadenoma, Benign cystic teratoma, Granulomatous lesion of ovary, Lymphoma and Mucinous adenocarcinoma, scrape diagnosis corroborated with the histological diagnosis. Notable discrepancy was seen in cases of Endometrioid carcinoma.Conclusions: Scrape cytology can serve as a powerful tool for early diagnosis of ovarian masses in close cooperation of the clinician, radiologist and pathologist. It has a potential for widespread use as knowledge and experience of interpreting cytopathologists increase

Design and Validation for FPGA Trust under Hardware Trojan Attacks

Field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) are being increasingly used in a wide range of critical applications, including industrial, automotive, medical, and military systems. Since FPGA vendors are typically fabless, it is more economical to outsource device production to off-shore facilities. This introduces many opportunities for the insertion of malicious alterations of FPGA devices in the foundry, referred to as hardware Trojan attacks, that can cause logical and physical malfunctions during field operation. The vulnerability of these devices to hardware attacks raises serious security concerns regarding hardware and design assurance. In this paper, we present a taxonomy of FPGA-specific hardware Trojan attacks based on activation and payload characteristics along with Trojan models that can be inserted by an attacker. We also present an efficient Trojan detection method for FPGA based on a combined approach of logic-testing and side-channel analysis. Finally, we propose a novel design approach, referred to as Adapted Triple Modular Redundancy (ATMR), to reliably protect against Trojan circuits of varying forms in FPGA devices. We compare ATMR with the conventional TMR approach. The results demonstrate the advantages of ATMR over TMR with respect to power overhead, while maintaining the same or higher level of security and performances as TMR. Further improvement in overhead associated with ATMR is achieved by exploiting reconfiguration and time-sharing of resources

Efficient Quantum Algorithm for SUBSET-SUM Problem

Problems in the complexity class $NP$ are not all known to be solvable, but are verifiable given the solution, in polynomial time by a classical computer. The complexity class $BQP$ includes all problems solvable in polynomial time by a quantum computer. Prime factorization is in $NP$ class, and is also in $BQP$ class, owing to Shor\u27s algorithm. The hardest of all problems within the $NP$ class are called $NP$-complete. If a quantum algorithm can solve an $NP$-complete problem in polynomial time, it would imply that a quantum computer can solve all problems in $NP$ in polynomial time. Here, we present a polynomial-time quantum algorithm to solve an $NP$-complete variant of the $SUBSET-SUM$ problem, thereby, rendering $NP\subseteq BQP$. We illustrate that given a set of integers, which may be positive or negative, a quantum computer can decide in polynomial time whether there exists any subset that sums to zero. There are many real-world applications of our result, such as finding patterns efficiently in stock-market data, or in recordings of the weather or brain activity. As an example, the decision problem of matching two images in image processing is $NP$-complete, and can be solved in polynomial time, when amplitude amplification is not required