A Qualitative Analysis of Different Types ofWater Repellent Agent Used on Cotton Fabric

The existence of intermolecular attractive forces of polarity and hydrogen bond is imperative in providing strength, heat resistance and drycleaning resistance to cotton fabric. However, these forces enhance easy wetting of fiber by water offering little resistance to snow and rain for outerwear garments. This problem could be overcome by adding water repellent chemicals to the fabric either chemically or with mechanical coating which prevent penetration of water through the fabric without destroying comfort of the fabric. The aim of the work is to evaluate the effect of different types of water repellent agents used on cotton fabric and analyze different possible factors affecting the performance and quality of treated fabrics. For this purpose, three water repellent chemicals: Lurotex protector RP ECO is a product based on C6 technology, Rucostar EEE6 product consists of a hydrocarbon matrix and hyper-branched, star-shaped polymers(dendrimers) and Nuva TTC is a conventional fluorocarbon based water repellent chemicals were used in three different concentrations to find out an optimum chemical concentration. To judge the quality of the treated fabrics, spray test, air permeability test, strength test and abrasion resistance test were evaluated. The quality of treated fabrics for all three chemicals was very close to each other and if the process parameters is maintained successfully, desired results can be achieved

The Last Poems of D.H. Lawrence: Poetry of the Eternal Present

There was never any more inception than there is now,...And will never be any more perfection than there is now (Walt Whitman, “Song of Myself”) In his Introduction to the American Edition of New Poems (1920), D.H. Lawrence advocates a new kind of poetry: the poetry of the “immediate present.” In the immediate present, he says, there is neither perfection nor consummation. Everything is in a state of flux. According to Lawrence, life is “ever-present,” it knows no “plasmic finality.” A rose i..

Study on a cationic agent-based salt-free reactive dyeing process for cotton knit fabric and comparison with a traditional dyeing process

Since the majority of reactive dyes only have a moderate affinity for cotton, significant amounts of electrolytes are frequently needed to cause tiredness. As a result, wastewater contains significant amounts of salt and dye, and the increasing salinity of the rivers has an effect on the delicate biochemistry of aquatic life. The aim of the study was to find a sustainable dyeing process for cotton knit fabric using EPTMAC (2, 3-epoxypropyl trimethyl ammonium chloride) as a cationic agent and comparison of the cationic dyeing process (salt free dyeing) with the regular dyeing process (dyeing with salt). For this purpose, cotton knit fabric samples were dyed with reactive dyes following salt free process and with salt. Afterwards, color fastness (wash and rubbing), spectrophotometric evaluation, bursting strength test, analysis of dye bath discharge water and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) image of the dyed samples were carried out. Moreover, water consumption was also evaluated for the both cationic and regular dyeing process. In terms of color fastness, cationized dyed fabric showed no change to a slight loss in depth (rating of 4–5) for both wash and rubbing fastness. From the spectrophotometric evaluation, it was found that cationized dyed fabric appeared darker and less yellowish tone. Moreover, in case of bursting strength, cationized black, hot pink, and light pink colored fabrics possessed bursting strengths of 287 kPa, 337 kPa, and 440 kPa, correspondingly. After analysis of dye bath discharge water, Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) value of regular colored water samples were 45%, 39%, 54% greater than that of cationized dyed water samples respectively. Cationized dyed water value for Dissolved Oxygen (DO) was 6.39 mg/l, which was within the acceptable limit. The SEM image asserted that the cationized colored samples had consistent dye dispersion, greater adhesion, and no dye anomalies. Considering water consumption, it was found that 37%, 27% and 23% less amount of water required for dyeing dark, medium and light shade of cationized samples due to fewer washes after dyeing and elimination of fixing steps. In addition of that, total cost of cationic dyeing process was less due to less chemical consumption, less utility use, shorter process time and less amount of dyes needed. Cationic dyeing process is a sustainable practice of dyeing cotton fabric with reactive dyes that offers numerous advantages when compared to the regular dyeing process with less cost consumption and low amount of environmental pollution

Hydraena (Hydraenopsis) incurva Orchymont 1932

13. Hydraena (Hydraenopsis) incurva Orchymont, 1932 Hydraena incurva Orchymont, 1932: 651; Hansen, 1998: 46; Jäch et al., 2000: 256. TL: India, “Chambagnor”. Distribution: India: Tamil Nadu (Chambagnor).Published as part of Ghosh, Joyjit, Saini, Jagdish, Gupta, Devanshu, Ghosh, Sujit Kumar & Chandra, Kailash, 2022, A Catalogue of Indian Hydraenidae (Insecta: Coleoptera), pp. 558-570 in Zootaxa 5087 (4) on page 562, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5087.4.4, http://zenodo.org/record/583293

Ochthebius Leach 1815

Genus Ochthebius Leach, 1815 Ochthebius Leach, 1815: 95 (TS: Elophorus marinus Paykull, 1798).Published as part of Ghosh, Joyjit, Saini, Jagdish, Gupta, Devanshu, Ghosh, Sujit Kumar & Chandra, Kailash, 2022, A Catalogue of Indian Hydraenidae (Insecta: Coleoptera), pp. 558-570 in Zootaxa 5087 (4) on page 564, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5087.4.4, http://zenodo.org/record/583293

Protochthebius jagthanae

25. Protochthebius jagthanae (Champion, 1921) Ochthebius jagthanae Champion, 1921: 178; Knisch, 1924: 14. Protochthebius jagthanae: Perkins, 1997: 205; Jäch, 1997: 308; Hansen, 1998: 77; Jäch & Skale, 2015: 162. Ochthebius minimus Champion, 1925: 173. Ochthebius minutus Jäch, 1989b: 17. TL: India, Uttar Pradesh, Kumaun, Jagthana. TD: BMNH. Distribution: India: Uttarakhand (Kumaun, Jagthana).Published as part of Ghosh, Joyjit, Saini, Jagdish, Gupta, Devanshu, Ghosh, Sujit Kumar & Chandra, Kailash, 2022, A Catalogue of Indian Hydraenidae (Insecta: Coleoptera), pp. 558-570 in Zootaxa 5087 (4) on page 563, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5087.4.4, http://zenodo.org/record/583293

Ochthebius (Ochthebius) scintillans Champion 1920

44. Ochthebius (Ochthebius) scintillans Champion, 1920 Ochthebius scintillans Champion, 1920b: 168; Knisch, 1924: 25; Jäch & Skale, 2015: 160. Ochthebius (cf. Enicocerus) scintillans: Jäch, 1989b: 16. Enicocerus scintillans: Hansen, 1998: 80. TL: India, Uttar Pradesh, Kumaun, W. Almora. Distribution: India: Uttarakhand (Kumaun, West Almora).Published as part of Ghosh, Joyjit, Saini, Jagdish, Gupta, Devanshu, Ghosh, Sujit Kumar & Chandra, Kailash, 2022, A Catalogue of Indian Hydraenidae (Insecta: Coleoptera), pp. 558-570 in Zootaxa 5087 (4) on page 566, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5087.4.4, http://zenodo.org/record/583293

Hydraena (Hydraenopsis) tenuis

16. Hydraena (Hydraenopsis) tenuis (Janssens, 1980) Hydraenopsis tenuis Janssens, 1980: 3. Hydraenea tenuis: Hansen, 1998: 59; Jäch et al., 2000: 257. TL: India, Madhya Pradesh, nr Jabalpur. Distribution: India: Madhya Pradesh (Jabalpur).Published as part of Ghosh, Joyjit, Saini, Jagdish, Gupta, Devanshu, Ghosh, Sujit Kumar & Chandra, Kailash, 2022, A Catalogue of Indian Hydraenidae (Insecta: Coleoptera), pp. 558-570 in Zootaxa 5087 (4) on page 562, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5087.4.4, http://zenodo.org/record/583293

Hydraena (Hydraenopsis) formula Orchymont 1932

12. Hydraena (Hydraenopsis) formula Orchymont, 1932 Hydraena formula Orchymont, 1932: 655; Hansen, 1998: 43; Jäch et al., 2000: 256; Jäch et al., 2013: 54; Jäch & Skale, 2015: 142. TL: Vietnam, Tonkin, Lac Tho nr Hoa Binh. TD: ISNB. Distribution: India: Sikkim and West Bengal (Darjeeling). Elsewhere: China, Indonesia, Nepal, Singapore, and Vietnam.Published as part of Ghosh, Joyjit, Saini, Jagdish, Gupta, Devanshu, Ghosh, Sujit Kumar & Chandra, Kailash, 2022, A Catalogue of Indian Hydraenidae (Insecta: Coleoptera), pp. 558-570 in Zootaxa 5087 (4) on page 562, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5087.4.4, http://zenodo.org/record/583293

Bolboceras krikkeni (Coleoptera: Geotrupidae: Bolboceratinae), a new species from India

Gupta, Devanshu, Ghosh, Joyjit, Das, Priyanka, Chandra, Kailash (2022): Bolboceras krikkeni (Coleoptera: Geotrupidae: Bolboceratinae), a new species from India. Zootaxa 5168 (1): 92-96, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5168.1.