Effect of Salt Concentration on the Electrophoretic Speed of a Polyelectrolyte through a Nanopore

In a previous paper [S. Ghosal, Phys. Rev. E 74, 041901 (2006)] a hydrodynamic model for determining the electrophoretic speed of a polyelectrolyte through an axially symmetric slowly varying nanopore was presented in the limit of a vanishingly small Debye length. Here the case of a finite Debye layer thickness is considered while restricting the pore geometry to that of a cylinder of length much larger than the diameter. Further, the possibility of a uniform surface charge on the walls of the nanopore is taken into account. It is thereby shown that the calculated transit times are consistent with recent measurements in silicon nanopores.Comment: 4 pages, 2 figure

Anomaly Detection for Science DMZs Using System Performance Data

Science DMZs are specialized networks that enable large-scale distributed scientific research, providing efficient and guaranteed performance while transferring large amounts of data at high rates. The high-speed performance of a Science DMZ is made viable via data transfer nodes (DTNs), therefore they are a critical point of failure. DTNs are usually monitored with network intrusion detection systems (NIDS). However, NIDS do not consider system performance data, such as network I/O interrupts and context switches, which can also be useful in revealing anomalous system performance potentially arising due to external network based attacks or insider attacks. In this paper, we demonstrate how system performance metrics can be applied towards securing a DTN in a Science DMZ network. Specifically, we evaluate the effectiveness of system performance data in detecting TCP-SYN flood attacks on a DTN using DBSCAN (a density-based clustering algorithm) for anomaly detection. Our results demonstrate that system interrupts and context switches can be used to successfully detect TCP-SYN floods, suggesting that system performance data could be effective in detecting a variety of attacks not easily detected through network monitoring alone

Alginate/hydrophobic HPMC (60L) particulate systems: new matrix for controlled release of diclofenac potassium

This work is focused on the development of a new particulate drug delivery system using sodium alginate (SA) and modified hydrophobic hydroxyl propyl methyl cellulose (HPMC, 60L grade) containing diclofenac as a model drug molecule for intestinal drug prolonged release. Diclofenac loaded HPMC-SA beads have been developed by ion exchange methods and were characterized by encapsulation efficiency, drug release profile, swelling and matrix erosion rate. Matrix swelling of calcium alginate beads induced by phosphate buffer ends up in erosion and destruction. However, for HPMC-SA beads do not lead to complete erosion, which may be the main cause of diclofenac retention within the matrix. The release of diclofenac potassium is negligible at acidic pH, while is complete in 5-6 h when pH is raised up to 7.4. The alginate/HPMC ratio controls the release rate of the drug. The drug release is decreased as the polymer concentration is increased from 2.5 to 3.5 %. Release kinetic study was done to understand the correlation between the formulations. The results show that drug release is diffusion controlled and it is Anomalous type which means combined process of both swelling and erosion of polymer.Colegio de Farmacéuticos de la Provincia de Buenos Aire

A STUDY ON A RHETORICAL APPROACH TO EFFECTIVE COMMUNICATION TO RESOLVE CONFLICTS AT INDUSTRIES

Language has the power to pacify or create disputes and barriers among humans. This is because one’s language is impregnated with his expressions, opinions and intentions. The literal meaning of words used by the speaker may vary from the intended meaning which may lead to conflicts. An industry is an organization where people from various fields work together for one cause. When these individuals with varied opinions work together, they would definitely confront with differences in opinions which may lead to conflicts at industries. They need good coordination and cooperation to achieve their common goal of attaining profits to their industry. Though experts have proposed number of theories to resolve conflicts at industries,effective communication is the only key to diffuse them non-violently. A Rhetorical Approach to the communication would enhance its effectiveness in the process of conflict resolution at industries. Aristotle’s Rhetoric consists of three appeals, i.e. Logos, Ethos & Pathos.Aristotle proclaimed that with a right combination of these three appeals of Rhetoric a speech can be made more effective during conflict resolution at industries. This paper aims to identify some of the effective applications of the three appeals of Rhetoric to resolve conflicts at industries.&nbsp

Incipient Wigner Localization in Circular Quantum Dots

We study the development of electron-electron correlations in circular quantum dots as the density is decreased. We consider a wide range of both electron number, N<=20, and electron gas parameter, r_s<18, using the diffusion quantum Monte Carlo technique. Features associated with correlation appear to develop very differently in quantum dots than in bulk. The main reason is that translational symmetry is necessarily broken in a dot, leading to density modulation and inhomogeneity. Electron-electron interactions act to enhance this modulation ultimately leading to localization. This process appears to be completely smooth and occurs over a wide range of density. Thus there is a broad regime of ``incipient'' Wigner crystallization in these quantum dots. Our specific conclusions are: (i) The density develops sharp rings while the pair density shows both radial and angular inhomogeneity. (ii) The spin of the ground state is consistent with Hund's (first) rule throughout our entire range of r_s for all 4<N<20. (iii) The addition energy curve first becomes smoother as interactions strengthen -- the mesoscopic fluctuations are damped by correlation -- and then starts to show features characteristic of the classical addition energy. (iv) Localization effects are stronger for a smaller number of electrons. (v) Finally, the gap to certain spin excitations becomes small at the strong interaction (large r_s) side of our regime.Comment: 14 pages, 12 figure

The Rise and (Potential) Fall of U.S. Cartel Enforcement

Government enforcement against collusion, now viewed by the Supreme Court as the “supreme evil” in antitrust, has gone through various phases of enforcement in the United States. There have been periods in which cartels have been able to collude more or less effectively given various institutional tools at the disposal of the government. By analyzing enforcement and prosecutions data over a long time horizon, 1969–2016, this Article examines the attributes of cartel enforcement over time and the changing use of tools to assist with detection and punishment. We provide a comprehensive description of critical cartel enforcement events and institutional developments from 1890 to the present. Our examination of the data includes a detailed descriptive analysis which tends to reveal three broad phases of U.S. cartel enforcement and prosecutions. The most recent data indicate a marked decline in the number of prosecutions, but sharp increase in per capita penalties. We also conduct regression-based estimation of the potential quantitative impact of the key institutional innovations to foster detection and prosecutions. Based on the raw data as well as our estimation, we comment on the potential factors that may be driving lower prosecutions in the more recent years. Finally, we briefly compare some key data between U.S. and European Commission cartel prosecutions to examine potential dynamic interlinkages