Intralesional corticosteroid injection as an effective treatment method for oral lesions: a meta-analysis

Intralesional corticosteroid injection (ICSI) is known as one of the main methods used for treating a wide range of lesions. It also results in a high concentration of drugs at lesion sites, with minimal systemic absorption. Thus, this study aimed to provide a review of the intralesional corticosteroid injection (ICSI) indications in the treatment of oral lesions. To this end; relevant key words were searched in the databases of PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, ScienceDirect, and UpToDate in the present study. Accordingly, the results of a total number of 62 case reports or case series articles were used in this study and the positive therapeutic effects of intralesional corticosteroid injection (ICSI) in 23 common oral lesions were reported. The most common type of intralesional steroid in the treatment of oral lesions was triamcinolone. No significant difference was also observed in terms of pain in patients following the use of steroid alone or in combination with anesthetic agents; moreover, the reported side effects of this method were exceptionally rare and transient. It was concluded that the intralesional corticosteroid injection (ICSI) could be one of the effective therapeutic methods with no significant problems in many oral lesions such as inflammatory, immunologic, and vascular ones due to its higher therapeutic effects than other topical forms of steroids and fewer side effects than systemic corticosteroid

Excision of different oral benign exophitic lesions with diode laser: A clinical Case Series

Introduction: Lasers are becoming the standard of care for many dental procedures, and are being introduced as a high-tech instrument. They are also becoming more routine in dentistry through the advent of office-based lasers, which are also simple to use within the oral cavity. Many studies have shown the competencies of laser technology for the management of benign oral lesions as these techniques allow for painless and bloodless oral surgery.Cases Report: Nine patients attending the Department of oral and maxillofacial Disease, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, underwent laser outpatient procedures for the surgical removal of a wide range of benign oral lesions. Regarding the history, present illnesses and clinical figures of all reported cases, the clinician ensured that the lesions were benign and after taking informed consent from every patient, he did complete the excision of lesions with diode lasers. Following the injection of local anesthesia, an 810 nm diode laser was applied for the excisional biopsy of oral lesions. The specimens were sent for histopathological evaluations and the patients were assessed on intraoperative and postoperative complications. The patients were followed up for postoperative complications at one week and 2 weeks post-treatment.Conclusions: According to our findings, a diode laser can be a choice for the outpatient treatment of oral mucosal benign lesions as this technique provides the painless and almost bloodless treatment

In vitro antifungal effect of cinnamon extract on candida species

Introduction: Cinnamon zeylanicum is used for various medical purposes. The aim of this study was to compare the antifungal efficacy of cinnamon and amphotericin B against Candida species in vitro. Material & Methods: Candida albicans (C. albicans) and Candida krusei (C. Krusei) were obtained from the Iranian Industrial and Scientific Research Center. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of cinnamon extract was determined and compared with that of amphotericin B. Results: The results of this study showed that Amphotericin B, ethanolic  and aqueous extract of cinnamon inhibited the growth of C. albicans and C. Krusei with different MICs. Conclusion: Ethanolic extract of cinnamon has inhibitory effects on Candida species comparable to that of amphotericin B. So, it can be used as a herbal alternative

Evaluation of serum Malondialdehyde level in patients with oral lichen planus

Introduction: Malondialdehyde (MDA) is a useful determinant to show high level of lipid peroxidation which lead to impaired cell function. Previous studies have mentioned there is a relationship between high oxidative stress and low anti-oxidant activity in patients with oral lichen planus. The aim of this study was to evaluate serum level of Malondialdehyde as an indicator of oxidative stress in patients with oral lichen planus which is a chronic inflammatory disease with unknown etiology. Materials & Methods: This descriptive-comparative study evaluated the oxidative stress status on twenty patients with oral lichen planus and 20 control healthy individuals based on serum level of Malondialdehyde. Results: The mean serum Malondialdehyde levels in oral lichen planus patients and control individuals were 2.9 (±2) and 2.4 (±1.3) µg/ml, respectively, indicating no significant difference (P=0.6). Conclusion: According to the results, role of Malondialdehyde in cellular damage and pathogenesis of oral lichen planus was not proved

The Role of Applying Principals’ Cultural Diversity Management Skills in Promoting Students' Social Participation

The purpose of this research was to study "The role of applying principals' cultural diversity management skills in Shahin Shahr high schools in promoting students' social participation (2009-2010)". The obtained results indicated that: There were meaningful differences among the means of students' social participation based on their Principals' Cultural Diversity Management Skills. And by promoting Principals' Cultural Diversity Management Skills, students' social participation promoted too. On the other hand, there were meaningful differences among the means of students' social participation based on their managers' Religious Diversity Management skills and Ethnic Diversity Management skills. So it can be said Applying Principals' Cultural Diversity Management Skills (Religious Diversity Management skills and Ethnic Diversity Management skills) have effective role in Students' Social Participation

Relationship between Lichen Planus and Helicobacter pylori Infection

Background and aims. Lichen planus (LP) is a relatively common, chronic dermato-mucosal disease that often affects the oral mucosa. Among bacterial infections affecting LP, Helicobacter pylori has recently been proposed as an important etiologic factor. The present study was designed to evaluate the association of LP and H. pylori infection. Materials and methods. This study included 30 patients with skin LP, 30 patients with oral LP and 30 healthy individuals without LP as control group. Patients and control group were selected from those referred to a dental and a dermatology clinic. Urea breathing test (UBT) was performed for all subjects. Descriptive statistic (frequency and percentage) were applied and chi-square test was employed to compare mean differences, using SPSS 13.0 computer software. Results. UBT test were positive in 24 patients (80%) in oral LP group, 22 patients (73.3%) in skin LP group, and 20 individuals (66.7%) in the control group. No significant differences were found in the positive test results between the three groups (P = 0.50). Conclusion. In this study, no significant association was found between LP and H. Pylori infectio

Treatment of Symptomatic Geographic Tongue with Triamcinolone Acetonide Alone and in Combination with Retinoic Acid: A Randomized Clinical Trial

Objectives: Geographic tongue or migratory glossitis is an inflammatory disorder with unknown etiology. Considering the accompanied burning pain, taste dysfunction, and lack of definite cure, it is important to treat this condition symptomatically. The objective of the current study was to compare the efficacy of a combination of 0.05% retinoic acid and 0.1% triamcinolone acetonide with that of triamcinolone acetonide alone for treatment of symptomatic geographic tongue. Materials and Methods: This randomized controlled double-blind clinical trial was performed on 28 patients with symptomatic geographic tongue, who were referred to two dental clinics. Participants were randomly divided into two groups and treated with triamcinolone alone or retinoic acid plus triamcinolone for 10 days. Patients were assessed for the level of pain, burning sensation and size of lesion at the beginning and at the end of the study. Participants were followed up for two months after cessation of treatment (at the end of each month). SPSS 11 was applied to compare the two therapeutic modalities. Results: Twenty-eight participants with a mean age of 40 years were evaluated including Seven (25%) males and 21(75%) females. There was a positive family history of geographic tongue in 21 patients. Despite the diminished pain and burning sensation as well as smaller size of lesions following treatment (P 0.05). No side effect was reported.  Conclusion: The combination of triamcinolone and retinoic acid was not more effective than triamcinolone alone for symptomatic treatment of geographic tongue

Oral Lichen Planus: Clinical Features, Etiology, Treatment and Management; A Review of Literature

Lichen planus is a chronic inflammatory mucocutaneous disease. Mucosal lesions are classified into six clinical forms and there is malignant potential for two forms of OLP; therefore, follow-up should be considered. There are many unestablished etiological factors for OLP and some different treatment modalities are based on etiology. The aims of current OLP therapy are to eliminate mucosal erythema and ulceration, alleviate symptoms and reduce the risk of oral cancer. We have used review papers, case reports, cohort studies, and case-and-control studies published from 1985 to 2010 to prepare this review of literature