Investigation of presence different surfactant on morphologies of PbTe nanostructures

PbTe nanostructures were prepared by a hydrothermal method on presence of different surfactant. Results show that in constant condition by changing the capping agent the morphology of as-obtained PbTe were revolutionize PbTe nanostructures show a strong photoluminescence peak at 402 nm at room temperature, also optical absorption spectrum of PbTe nanostructures exhibit an extreme blue-shift, which is attributed to the quantum confinement of charge carriers in the nanostructures. X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, photoluminescence spectroscopy, and Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy were used to characterize the as-produced PbTe nanostructures

Early Maladjustment Schemas in Individuals with and without Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Objective. This study explored Early Maladjustment Schemas (EMSs) among individuals with and without type 2 diabetes mellitus and examined potential moderating roles for gender, level of education, and occupation. Methods. The sample included 371 adult participants (120 patients with diabetes and 251 individuals without diabetes), from Shiraz City, Fars province; Iran. The Young Schema Questionnaire-Short Form (YSQ-SF) was used to assess early maladjustment schemas. Results. Findings showed that patients with type 2 diabetes had significantly higher scores than controls on a number of EMSs, including abandonment, failure, vulnerability, enmeshment, self-sacrifice, entitlement, and insufficient self-control schemas as well as the over-vigilance and inhibition schematic domains. However, results did not support roles for gender, the level of education, and occupation on any of EMSs and schematic domains. Conclusions. Medical and health professionals may find these results helpful for assessment, treatment, and prevention goals in patients with type 2 diabetes

The effectiveness of cognitive behavioral therapy on treatment-resistant depression

BACKGROUND: Treatment-resistant depression (TRD) is a severe and chronic form of major depression. It poses significant clinical, personal, and economic burden and does not respond to antidepressants. Psychotherapy can be a suggested option. The aim of this study was to survey the effectiveness of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) on patients with TRD.METHODS: The present study was a quasi-experimental study with pretest, posttest, and follow-up. The statistical population included patients with TRD in Rafsanjan City, Iran, in 2018. 30 subjects were randomly selected and placed into experimental and control groups. Data were collected by Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Rumination Questionnaire, and Brunel Mood Scale (BRUMS). To analyze data, multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA) was used with SPSS software.RESULTS: CBT led to reducing depression and rumination and improving mood and this outcome was better than control group (P < 0.05).CONCLUSION: TRD is a chronic and disabling disorder that little research has been done about its treatment. CBT can be a good treatment offer for TRD

The effectiveness of mindfulness–based cognitive therapy on interpretation bias and dysfunctional attitude in suffering disorder comorbidity social anxiety and depression

زمینه و هدف: همبودی اضطراب اجتماعی- افسردگی از شایع ترین مشکلات نوجوانان محسوب می شود که پیامدهای مخربی برای آنان دارد. هدف پژوهش حاضر بررسی اثر بخشی شناخت درمانی مبتنی بر ذهن آگاهی بر میزان سوگیری تعبیر و نگرش ناکارآمد در مبتلایان به اختلال همبودی اضطراب اجتماعی و افسردگی بود. روش بررسی: روش پژوهش حاضر از نوع طرح نیمه تجربی با پیش آزمون- پس آزمون و پیگیری با گروه گواه است. جامعه آماری این پژوهش کلیه دانش آموزان دختر دوره متوسطه اول و دوم مبتلا به اختلال همبودی اضطراب اجتماعی و افسردگی شهر خرم آباد می باشد که به منظور اجرای پژوهش غربالگری انجام گرفت که ابتدا 437 شرکت کننده با دامنه سنی 14 تا 17 سال، پرسشنامه اضطراب اجتماعی و افسردگی را تکمیل نمودند که از میان آن ها 30 نفر دارای اضطراب اجتماعی و افسردگی همراه بالا (یک انحراف معیار بالاتر از میانگین گروه) انتخاب گردید، سپس 30 نفر منتخب با انتساب تصادفی به 2 گروه 15 نفری آزمایش و گواه تقسیم شدند. گروه آزمایش 8 جلسه 2ساعته (هفته­ای یک جلسه) به صورت گروهی تحت آموزش MBCT قرار گرفتند. بعد از اتمام جلسات، هر دو گروه به پرسشنامه های تعبیر و نگرش ناکارآمد پاسخ دادند. یافته ها: در گروه آزمایش کاهش معنی داری در سوگیری تعبیر مربوط به خود، سوگیری تعبیر مربوط به دیگران (001/0>P) و نگرش ناکارآمد (05/0>P) بعد از دریافت آموزش مشاهده شد. ضمن اینکه نتایج در مرحله پیگیری نیز حفظ شد. نتیجه گیری: با توجه به نتایج حاصله، آموزش های مبتنی بر ذهن آگاهی برای کاهش میزان سوگیری تعبیر و نگرش ناکارآمد در مبتلایان به اختلال همبودی اضطراب اجتماعی و افسردگی توصیه می شود

Simethicone for the Preparation before Esophagogastroduodenoscopy

Aim. The presence of air bubbles and foam in stomach and duodenum is a common problem during esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD). Methods. Candidates of elective EGD received 40 mg chewable tablet of simethicone (n = 90) or placebo (n = 83), with 30 mL water, 15–30 min before the EGD. Foam/air bubbles during endoscopy were assessed and graded on a 4-point scale, and patients' satisfaction with the endoscopy was scored from 0 to 10. Results. The amount of gastric but not duodenal foam/air bubbles was significantly lower in the simethicone group compared with the placebo group (P = 0.002). Duration of endoscopy was, on average, one minute shorter in the simethicone group compared with the placebo group (P < 0.001). Patients' satisfaction with the procedure was the same in the two groups. Conclusion. Administration of simethicone prior to EGD reduces the amount of gastric foam and bubbles and provides better visibility for evaluating the mucosa. It also decreases the duration of endoscopy. Further trials are required to find the final effect of the drug on diagnosis of pathological lesions

Immediate results and six-month outcomes after percutaneous coronary intervention in a referral heart center in Isfahan, Iran

BACKGROUND: There is a lack of data in our society on the outcomes, complications, and prognostic factors in patients with coronary artery disease who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). We evaluated the success rate, early and late outcomes, and prognostic factors in a referral university center in Isfahan, IRAN. &nbsp;&nbsp; METHODS: This prospective cohort study was conducted in Chamran University Hospital in Isfahan (IRAN) from March 2010 to February 2011. Patients consequently were included if they have the indication for emergent or elective PCI. Outcomes included procedural success, complications, and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) during hospitalization and 6 months follow-up. &nbsp;&nbsp; RESULTS: A total of 282 patients (74.1% females) with mean age of 57.0&plusmn;3.2 years were studied. Most of the patients (89.7%) underwent elective PCI. Angiographic and procedure success rates were 95.7% and 94.6%, respectively. In-hospital MACE included two cases of death (0.7%) and one MI (0.3%); 2/29 (6.9%) of the emergent PCI and 1/253 (0.4%) of the elective PCI cases. MACE during follow-up included three cases of death (1.0%) and two MI (0.7%); 2/252 (0.8%) of the elective PCI and 1/28 (3.5%) of the emergent PCI cases. The overall MACE was calculated as 8 cases (2.8%) which included 5/29 (17.2%) of the emergent and 3/253 (1.1%) of the elective cases; P &lt; 0.001. In multivariate analysis, none of the factors including gender, age, emergency of the procedure, lesion type, number of stenotic vessels, or stent type were associated with total MACE (P &gt; 0.05). &nbsp;&nbsp; CONCLUSION: PCI is performed with an acceptable success rate in our center in Isfahan and mortality and complications are within the range reported by other highly specialized centers in IRAN. Further studies with larger sample size are needed to find predictive factors.Keywords: Percutaneous coronary intervention, Myocardial infarction, Acute coronary syndrome, Reperfusion therapy, Outcome, Mortality.</p

Effect of Foeniculum Vulgare Aqueous and Alcoholic Seed Extract against Zoonotic Cutaneous Leishmaniasis

BACKGROUND፡ Cutaneous leishmaniasis is considered one of the major neglected tropical diseases. Drug resistance, limitary efficacy, and severe side effects remain a challenge for treatment. Foeniculum vulgare is known as a medicinal plant belonging to the Apiaceae, and anti-microbial properties of this plant have already been confirmed.METHOD: The F.vulgare sterile aqueous and alcoholic extracts were prepared. In vitro has used RAW 264.7 cell line and L. major parasite (MRHO/IR/75/ER). Cytotoxicity assay on macrophages (CC50), cytotoxicity assay on promastigotes (IC50), and cytotoxicity assay on infected macrophages (EC50) were accomplished with both extracts by MTT and light microscopy methods. Four in vivo were allocated in four groups and five BALB/c mice each group. Stationary phase promastigotes were inoculated into the base of mice tails subcutaneously (SC).Measurement of the body weight, lesion size, parasite burden of the lesion, and spleen after 4 weeks for evaluation effects of the alcoholic extract on CL was done.RESULTS: The results of in vitro revealed that the optimal concentrations of both extracts reducing the promastigotes and amastigotes growth. Alcoholic extract no harmful side effects for the host macrophages, while were indicated has a potent action against L. major. In vivo results after 4 weeks did not show any variation in lesion size and body weight. Also, lesion size and spleen parasite burden decreased in comparison to no treatment group.CONCLUSION: The alcoholic extract could be a new alternative treatment for cutaneous leishmaniasis. However this extract needs more investigation for novel herbal drugs against CL.&nbsp