Combustion analysis of a CI engine performance using waste cooking biodiesel fuel with an artificial neural network aid

[Abstract]: A comprehensive combustion analysis has been conducted to evaluate the performance of a commercial DI engine, water cooled two cylinders, in-line, naturally aspirated, RD270 Ruggerini diesel engine using waste vegetable cooking oil as an alternative fuel. In order to compare the brake power and the torques values of the engine, it has been tested under same operating conditions with diesel fuel and waste cooking biodiesel fuel blends. The results were found to be very comparable. The properties of biodiesel produced from waste vegetable oil was measured based on ASTM standards. The total sulfur content of the produced biodiesel fuel was 18 ppm which is 28 times lesser than the existing diesel fuel sulfur content used in the diesel vehicles operating in Tehran city (500 ppm). The maximum power and torque produced using diesel fuel was 18.2 kW and 64.2 Nm at 3200 and 2400 rpm respectively. By adding 20% of waste vegetable oil methyl ester, it was noticed that the maximum power and torque increased by 2.7 and 2.9% respectively, also the concentration of the CO and HC emissions have significantly decreased when biodiesel was used. An artificial neural network (ANN) was developed based on the collected data of this work. Multi layer perceptron network (MLP) was used for nonlinear mapping between the input and the output parameters. Different activation functions and several rules were used to assess the percentage error between the desired and the predicted values. The results showed that the training algorithm of Back Propagation was sufficient enough in predicting the engine torque, specific fuel consumption and exhaust gas components for different engine speeds and different fuel blends ratios. It was found that the R2 (R: the coefficient of determination) values are 0.99994, 1, 1 and 0.99998 for the engine torque, specific fuel consumption,CO and HC emissions, respectively

Acoustic Analysis of a Single Cylinder Diesel Engine Using Biodiesel Fuel Blends

AbstractFuel type has a direct effect on the quality of IC engine's combustion phenomenon. One of the most important quality parameters that can be fluctuated by fuel type is engine noise. The purpose of this study is to analyze the noise parameter of a diesel engine using B0, B5 (5% vol., biodiesel and 95% vol., diesel blends), B10, B15, B20, B25 and B30 biodiesel–diesel blends. This study was carried out at stationary position and at three positions such driver's left ear position (Drivers Left Ear Position-DLEP), 1.5 meter (1.5 meter Away From Exhaust-MAFE) and 7.5 meters (7.5 meter Away From Exhaust-MAFE) away from exhaust at 6 engine speeds (1200, 1400, 1600, 1800, 2000 & 2200 RPM). The results proved that the lowest and highest Sound Pressure Level (SPL) of power tiller takes place at B10, and B30 respectively. The SPL increased by 7.8dB for increasing engine speed from 1200 to 2200 RPM. The test results showed that the average SPL at DLEP was 4.3dB higher than 7.5 MAFE position. The dominant frequency of engine noise was315Hz that exhaust structure is the source of it. In this frequency SPL of B10 was, 23%lower than thefuelB30 (a mixture of 30percentbiodiesel and70percentdieselfuel, respectively). The slightest and strongest sound by using theB10, B30 fuel mixture was produced respectively

Development of micro-scale biomass-fuelled CHP system using stirling engine

In this research study, a Micro-scale Combined Heat and Power (MCHP) plant with a stirling engine for biomass fuels was developed and optimized. The nominal electric power output of the plant is 100 Watt. Currently this plant has run using wood powder as fuel. With consideration of the biomass energy potential, a gamma type Stirling engine with 220cc swept volume and 580cc total volume was designed, optimized and manufactured. The performance is investigated with regard to the operating conditions , the heat fluxes, temperatures and the type of biomass. Electrical energy produced from biomass sources. The results shows that the highest efficiency of the system is reached for moderate speed values of stirling engine approximately 500-600 rpm. Sugarcane bagasse, wood, wheat straw, poplar wood and sawdust as fuel system were selected. Most power be obtained from the sawdust (46 watt) and pruning of trees for wood for low power (21 watts), respectively. Minimum ignition time of the Sawdust (4 min) and the most time flammable wood from pruned trees (10 min) was measured. At maximum power, the internal thermal efficiency of the engine was measured as 16%. The test results confirm the fact that Stirling engines driven by temperature of biomass gases are able to achieve a valuable output power. Results of the present work encouraged initiating design of a MCHP system with 1 kWe capacity for rural electrification. So this operation can be considered as a breakthrough in the utilization of stirling engine for micro-scale CHP plants utilizing wood powder fuels

TOPSIS multi-criteria decision modeling approach for biolubricant selection for two-stroke petrol engines

Exhaust pollutants from two-stroke petrol engines are a problem for the environment. Biolubricants are a new generation of renewable and eco-friendly vegetable-based lubricants, which have attracted a lot of attention in recent years. In this paper, the applicability of the Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) method to support the process of building the scoring system for selecting an appropriate two-stroke lubricant has been analyzed. For this purpose, biolubricants (TMP-triesters) based on castor oil, palm oil, and waste cooking oil were produced and then utilized in a 200 cc two-stroke gasoline engine to investigate their effects on its performance and exhaust emissions. The results obtained from the use of the entropy technique in the TOPSIS algorithm showed that palm oil-based lubricant took up the greatest distance from the Negative Ideal Solution (NIS) and was selected as the most optimal lubricant for these types of engines

Valorization of waste cooking oil based biodiesel for biolubricant production in a vertical pulsed column: Energy efficient process approach

International audienceDevelopment of bio-based lubricants have received growing interest as sustainable substitutes to petroleum-based lubricants due to their renewability, biodegradability and superior physicochemical properties. Biolubricant production from waste cooking oil in an intensified reactor, which is designed with the aim of scaling-up for industrial purposes, can effectively decrease the cost of finished product. In this study, a vertical pulsed column with tri-orifice baffles was applied to produce trimethylolpropane fatty acid triester (biolubricant) from waste cooking oil, which is a cost and environmentally effective feedstock. This type of reactor enables high interfacial areas between immiscible reactants, leading to improved reaction performance. In addition, response surface methodology was used to optimize the levels of different operating parameters to obtain the highest reaction yield and the lowest power consumption. An optimal reaction yield of 83.3% and power consumption of 1006 kW/m 3 were obtained with an oscillation frequency of 3.6 Hz, a baffle spacing of 1.45d e , a molar ratio of 4:1 and a potassium carbonate catalyst loading of 1%

Optimization of operational and design parameters of a Simultaneous Mixer-Separator for enhanced continuous biodiesel production

Nowadays, biodiesel is promoted as an alternative and renewable fuel. The mass-transfer limited transesterification reaction is commonly used for biodiesel production, but it could benefit from process intensification technologies. The Simultaneous Mixer-Separator (SMS) is a novel process intensification reactor capable of integrating the mixing and separation of reactants within a single unit. The current study aims to determine the ideal parameters for continuous biodiesel production using an SMS setup that was exclusively designed and fabricated in-home for enhanced biodiesel production. The research statistically analyzed the effect of the space between the rotor and the bottom of reactor (h) (0.7, 1.0, 1.3 cm), the diameter ratio between the rotor and the stator (Dr/Ds) (0.5, 0.7, 0.9), and the frequency of the rotor’s rotary speed (Rf) (20, 40, 60 Hz) on biodiesel yield using the Response Surface Methodology (RSM). Optimal oil to fatty acid methyl ester(FAME) conversion of 93.2% and the optimal volumetric production rate of 1,980 (kg FAME/m3·h) were obtained by setting the SMS to a rotational frequency of 39 Hz, an h of 0.7 cm, and a Dr/Ds of 0.85

Artificial neural network modeling and sensitivity analysis of performance and emissions in a compression ignition engine using biodiesel fuel

In the present research work, a neural network model has been developed to predict the exhaust emissions and performance of a compression ignition engine. The significance and novelty of the work, with respect to existing literature, is the application of sensitivity analysis and an artificial neural network (ANN) simultaneously in order to predict the engine parameters. The inputs of the model were engine load (0, 25, 50, 75 and 100%), engine speed (1700, 2100, 2500 and 2900 rpm) and the percent of biodiesel fuel derived from waste cooking oil in diesel fuel (B0, B5, B10, B15 and B20). The relationship between the input parameters and engine cylinder performance and emissions can be determined by the network. The global sensitivity analysis results show that all the investigated factors are effective on the created model and cannot be ignored. In addition, it is found that the most emissions decreased while using biodiesel fuel in the compression ignition engine

Effects of exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) on a diesel engine fuelled with palm-biodiesel

Increasing global population in present years means more vehicle ownership which leads to the increasing of oxides of nitrogen (NOx) and greenhouse gas emission. Oxides of nitrogen (NOx) are produced from the fuels which burned at high temperatures; contributes to the formation of ozone smog, harmful unseen particles, acid rain, and oxygen depletion that reduced the water quality. The use of higher oxygenated nature biodiesel as an alternative fuel also contributes to the increasing formation levels of NOx emission. In respond to the matters arise, exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) has been introduced to control NOx emissions from diesel engines effectively which lowers the oxygen concentration in the combustion chamber. In this paper, an experimental study was conducted on a Mitsubishi 4D68 four stroke, water cooled DI diesel engine fuelled with neat palm-biodiesel operating with diaphragm exhaust gas recirculation (EGR). Both biodiesel fuel and EGR are employed together to evaluate the engine performance and exhaust emission particularly NOx content. Tests were performed under a steady state condition where conventional diesel fuel was used as a baseline fuel. According to the experimental results, diesel engine operating with palmbiodiesel and EGR reduced the brake power output, decreased the engine torque, increased fuel consumption, decreased NOx and absolute slight increment in other emissions include CO2, CO, and particulate matters

Comparative Study on Biodiesel-methanol-diesel Low Proportion Blends Operating with a Diesel Engine

AbstractIn this study, biodiesel (20%)-methanol (5%)-diesel (75%), biodiesel (20%)-methanol (10%)-diesel (70%), biodiesel (20%)- diesel (80%), and standard mineral diesel as a baseline fuel are tested in a multi-cylinder diesel engine. Those biodiesel-alcohol low proportion blends are investigated under the same operating conditions at 20%, 40% and 60% of engine loads to determine the engine performance and emission of the diesel engine. Overall, biodiesel-methanol-diesel blends show higher brake specific fuel consumption than mineral diesel. As methanol proportions in blends increase, NO emissions increase, while CO emissions are reduced. Also, biodiesel-diesel blend with 5% of methanol is more effective than biodiesel blend with 20% for reducing CO emissions

Experimental of oxygenated fuel on diesel engine: fuel properties, performance and emission

The main purpose of the study was to characterise the effects of diesel, biodiesel blends B5M10 and B10M10 and emulsion fuels B5M10E3 and B10M10E3 as fuels for the impact on particulate matter emission. Engine tests have been performed to obtain results of engine performance, gas emission and particulate matter with various cycles. Excel analysis methods were used to analyze the data obtained. The B5M10E3 produces lower emission results than B10M10E3 as biodiesel fuel increases the combustion temperature. In conclusion, biodiesel blends can actually reduce emissions of particulate matter and gas emissions compared to diesel but increase emissions. Therefore, the emulsion fuel B5M10E3 and B10M10E3 can be the best alternative fuel for the future