Conodont biostratigraphy of the Frasnian-Famennian boundary in the Esfahan and Tabas areas, Central Iran

The Frasnian-Famennian (F-F) boundary in Central Iran has been investigated on the basis of conodont faunas (34 species and subspecies) from four sections: Chahriseh near Esfahan, and Kal-e-Sardar, Howz-e-Dorah and Ghale-Kalaghu near Tabas. The F-F boundary in the Chahriseh section is located in a one-metre interval between beds EX1 and F-F9 whereas in the Kal-e-Sardar section it is at the base of bed Cly1. The F-F boundary can not be recognized in the Howz-e-Dorah and Ghale-Kalaghu sections be cause of uncon form able relation ships and erosion of the upper most late Frasnian beds indicated incidentally by reworked boulders (indicating con temporaneous tectonic activity) and by the abrupt appearance of contrasting environments, including tempestites at the base of the lower Famennian. The best conodont and palaeoenvironmental data were obtained from the Kal-e-Sardar section where a deeper marine environment prevailed during the late Frasnian, be coming shallower in the early Famennian; the Chahriseh section displays small fluctuations in sea level during the early Famennian. The conodont faunas display the inception of the Polygnathus communis group in the late Frasnian (rhenana-linguiformis zones) and the appearance of Icriodus alternatus mawsonae in the Late rhenana Zone. A new age-range is suggested for Polygnathus aequalis Klapper and Lane, from the transitans to the linguiformis zones. Three conodont biozones are represented in the late Frasnian to early Famennian of the Chahriseh section, two late Frasnian and one early Famennian in the Kal-e-Sardar section and two biozones in the late Frasnian and early Famennian of both the Howz-e-Dorah and Ghale-Kalaghu sections. Two new species are described: Polygnathus tabasianus (Early to Late crepida zones) and Polygnathus vachiki (Late rhenana-linguiformis zones)

On the Possibility and Necessity of Critique of Judgment

The present article deals with two distinct subjects: 1) possibility and necessity of Kant’s third critique, 2) groundwork of this possibility and necessity. With regard to the first subject we will investigate fundamental role of theory of faculties of mind, cognitive faculties and division of philosophy in relation with mere possibility of third critique and then study its necessity according to the theory of transition. Eventually about second subject we examine important and basic role of two factors, namely reflective function and mere reflection, in order to show a complete picture of groundwork of possibility and necessity of third critique as a whole

Effectiveness of Teachers‟ Education among Novice and Experienced Teachers: A Study

This study investigated the effectiveness of teachers‟ education among novice and experienced teachers. The study involved 24 novice and 31 experienced English teachers teaching in two English language institutes and a university in Shiraz, Iran (Omid, Parsa institutes, and Shiraz Azad University). They were both males and females and were selected through availability sampling procedure. Data were collected through a FLEQ questionnaire which included 32 Likert scale items. The data was analysed using both descriptive (in the form of frequency counts, tables) and inferential statistics (T-Test and ANOVA). Based on the analysis, the following results were obtained: 1) there was positive significant correlation between the experience of the teachers and their level of educations, and 2) The perceptions of novice and experienced males and females English language teachers did not significantly differ regarding the effectiveness of teachers’ education. The results could have implications for teachers, university instructors, syllabus designers and, in general, all those who are involved in the field of education

LATE DEVONIAN CONODONTS FROM THE HOJEDK SECTION, KERMAN PROVINCE, SOUTHEASTERN IRAN

Conodonts (34 species and subspecies) from the Hojedk section north of Kerman span the late Givetian to early Famennian. The new data suggest that Devonian biostromes in central and eastern Iran were deposited on differing levels, and that the currently accepted ranges of Icriodus excavatus, Polygnathus subincompletus and P. mosquensis are late Givetian - late Frasnian, early to late Frasnian, and middle to late Frasnian. Polygnathus ashourii n. sp. is proposed.

FAMENNIAN CONODONTS FROM KAL-E-SARDAR SECTION, EASTERN TABAS, CENTRAL IRAN

Sixty-three conodont species and subspecies from the Kal-e-Sardar section indicate that the strata span early to late Famennian. Contrary to most of the sections measured in the Shishtu Formation, the icriodid-polygnathid biofacies is restricted to the lower part of Kal-e-Sardar Famennian succession. Palmatolepid and bispathodid-dominated  biofacies in the middle and upper part of section represent a deep shelf to mid-continental slope marine environment. The currently accepted ranges of P. tichonovitchi, P. tenellus and P. inconcinnus are early Famennian, late Frasnian-early Famennian, and early to middle Famennian, respectively, together with middle to late Famennian for P. nodoundatus. Two new species, Polygnathus sardarensis and P. yazdii, are proposed.

Miocene Argonautidae (Octopoda) from the Persian Gulf area and their palaeogeographic distribution

Cephalopod specimens assigned to the Argonautidae (Obinautilus pulchra Kobayashi, 1954 and an unknown taxon) from two localities of the Mishan Formation in Gohreh and Khorgu sections, Bandar Abbas, southern Iran, are reported for the first time from the Persian Gulf area. The co-existing foraminifera confirm the middle Miocene age of the strata. Based on micropalaeontological data, the previous Oligocene age of Obinautilus pulchra is extended to the middle Miocene. The palaeobiogeographic distribution of the reported Argonautidae shows that the presence of these faunas is limited to the West Pacific, Indo-Pacific and the East Pacific. The present-day distribution of the Argonautidae is similar to the ancient one and seems to be inherited from their ancestors

Stratigraphy and palaeoceanography of late Pleistocene molluscs from the northern coast of the Persian Gulf

We report an extraordinary discovery of marine Pleistocene strata from the north of the Persian Gulf. The Dayyer section contains a rich molluscan fauna including 26 bivalve species, Sr87/Sr86 data showing that the succession is not older than 153 ka (late Pleistocene). These strata are time-equivalents of the Bakhtiari Formation, but have a very different fossil content and facies. Comparing the Dayyer molluscan community to the present-day fauna of the Persian Gulf shows that many fossil species are absent in the recent waters. The palaeoceanographic distribution of the identified bivalves shows the presence of many of them in the Plio-Pleistocene strata of the Mediterranean Basin. This may point to a temporary connection between the Persian Gulf and Mediterranean Basin during the late Pleistocene and the extinction of many bivalves in the past 153 k

UPPER DEVONIAN CONODONT BIOSTRATIGRAPHY OF SHAMS ABAD SECTION, KERMAN PROVINCE, IRAN

The study of the conodont fauna from the Upper Devonian Shams Abad section provides new data on the stratigraphy of the Bahram Formation in the Kerman province, in southeastern Iran. The fauna includes twenty-four species, mainly belonging to genera Polygnathus and Icriodus, and gives evidence of a late Frasnian to middle Famennian age, in contrast to previous interpretation of the same unit. The shallow water conodont biofacies confirms an inner shelf to foreshore shallow marine depositional environment.

Investigating the applicability of Dynamic Assessment in Iran: From EFL teachers’ perspectives

The present research intended to study the viewpoints of EFL teachers on the applicability of dynamic assessment. Two sub objectives were also to study the view points of male and female teachers as well as teachers with different levels of education on dynamic assessment. The participants included 100 EFL teachers and university instructors from 7 English language institutes, in Shiraz, and two universities in Fars Province, Iran. The participants were selected through availability sampling. A self-made  questionnaire on dynamic assessment was used to collect the data required to undertake the study. The design used in the present study was survey method. To analyze the data, both descriptive (in the form of frequency counts, tables and figures) and inferential  statistics (T-Test, factor analysis and ANOVA) were used. Based on the analyses undertaken, the following results were obtained: 1) EFL teachers from Shiraz English language institutes held a positive attitude towards the applicability of dynamic assessment. 2) Male and female EFL teachers from Shiraz English language institutes held similar and positive attitudes regarding the applicability of dynamic  assessment. 3) Teachers with different levels of education held similar and positive attitudes regarding the  applicability of dynamic assessment.Key words: Assessment, Dynamic Assessment, Zone of Proximal Development, Interventionist Dynamic Assessment, Interactionist Dynamic Assessment.  La présente étude visait à étudier les points de vue des enseignants d’anglais, langue seconde (ALS) sur l’applicabilité de l’évaluation dynamique. Deux objectifs secondaires ont été formulés; lesquels visaient à comparer les points de vue des enseignants hommes et femmes ainsi que ceux des enseignants de niveaux d’éducation différents sur l’évaluation dynamique. Les répondants étaient constitués de 100 enseignants d’ALS, d’instructeurs d’université de 7 instituts de langue anglaise à Shiraz et de deux universités de la province de Fars en Iran. Les participants ont été choisis selon la méthode  d’échantillonnage de commodité. Nous avons eu recours à un questionnaire «fait maison» portant sur l’évaluation dynamique pour collecter les données nécessaires à la réalisation de cette étude. La méthode utilisée dans la présente étude c’est le sondage. Pour analyser les données, nous avons eu recours à la fois aux statistiques descriptives (sous forme de fréquence, tableaux et figures) et inférentielles (T-test et analyse de la variance). Sur la base des analyses effectuées, les résultats suivants ont été obtenus: 1) Les enseignants d’ALS des instituts de langue anglaise de Shiraz ont eu une attitude positive vis-à-vis del’applicabilité de l’évaluation dynamique. 2) Les enseignants hommes et femmes d’ALS des instituts de langue anglaise de Shiraz ont eu des attitudes similaires en ce qui concerne l’applicabilité de l’évaluation dynamique. 3) Les enseignants de niveaux d’éducation différents ont eu la même attitude positive en ce qui concerne l’applicabilité de l’évaluation dynamique.Mots clés: Évaluation, Évaluation dynamique, Zone proximale de développement, Évaluation dynamique interventionniste, Évaluation dynamique interactionniste.

GIVETIAN–FRASNIAN BOUNDARY CONODONTS FROM KERMAN PROVINCE, CENTRAL IRAN

The Middle - Late Devonian boundary is investigated based on twenty-two conodont species and subspecies from three sections in the north and west of Kerman, southeastern central Iran. Upper Givetian - lower Frasnian carbonates of the basal part of the Bahram Formation transgressively overlie the sandstone beds of the top of (?) Early - Middle Devonian Padeha Formation. These massive skeletal limestones encompass the G-F boundary. The base of Frasnian is identified by the appearance of early forms of Ancyrodella rotundiloba . It helps to compare our biozones to those of global stratotype in southern France. A new species, Polygnathus hojedki n. sp. is described here. New range is suggested for P. praepolitus