Das disposições sociais aos habitus estudantis : as incorporações do êxito escolar no ensino médio integrado

Esta tese tem com objeto de análise o êxito escolar dos egressos da Educação Profissional Técnica de Ensino Médio Integrada ao Ensino Médio dos cursos do Campus Restinga do Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Rio Grande do Sul. Mobilizando aportes teórico-metodológicos da tradição sociológica disposicionalista fundamentada em Pierre Bourdieu e Bernard Lahire, o objetivo é compreender a incorporação do êxito escolar através da formação dos habitus estudantis dos referidos concluintes. Para produção do material empírico, foram realizadas entrevistas longas e semiestruturadas com estudantes que concluíram os cursos entre os anos de 2015 e 2018. A hipótese inicial é a de que haveria uma relação entre a conclusão do curso com a constituição de um habitus estudantil através das disposições sociais incorporadas pelos egressos através das redes de interdependência e dos quadros de socialização a que pertencem os estudantes. A análise das transcrições das entrevistas confrontadas com o aparato teórico permite sintetizar que os egressos concluíram seus cursos a partir da incorporação e da atualização de seus habitus os quais, apesar de apresentarem algumas disposições sociais recorrentes, se demonstraram heterogêneos entre si. Ou seja, embora o conjunto de disposições sociais tenha se mostrado rentável do ponto de vista escolar, não há um habitus estudantil uníssono entre eles, mas a viabilização do êxito escolar se constitui a partir de uma pluralidade de habitus estudantis. Em cada um dos oito casos analisados foram identificados os quadros de socialização que influenciaram a constituição das disposições sociais correlatas ao êxito escolar, sendo que as redes de interdependência da família, da escola de Ensino Fundamental e do Campus Restinga se apresentaram com os principais contextos de socialização.This thesis has as object of analysis the academic success of the graduates of the Technical Education of High School Integrated to High School of the courses of the Restinga Campus of the Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Rio Grande do Sul. Mobilizing theoretical and methodological contributions of the dispositionalist sociological tradition based on Pierre Bourdieu and Bernard Lahire, the objective is to understand the incorporation of school success through the formation of student´s habitus of the referred graduates. For the production of empirical material, long and semi-structured interviews were conducted with students who completed the courses between 2015 and 2018.The initial hypothesis is that there would be a relationship between the conclusion of the course and the constitution of a student´s habitus through the social dispositions incorporated by the graduates through the networks of interdependence and the socialization frameworks to which the students belong. The analysis of the interviews transcripts confronted with the theoretical apparatus allows us to synthesize that the graduates completed their courses from the incorporation and updating of their habitus which, despite presenting some recurrent social dispositions, proved to be heterogeneous among each other. In other words, although the set of social dispositions proved to be profitable from the school point of view, there is not a unified student´s habitus among them, but the viability of school success is constituted from a plurality of student´s habitus. In each of the eight cases analyzed, the socialization frameworks that influenced the constitution of social dispositions related to school success were identified, being that the networks of interdependence of the family, elementary school and Campus Restinga were the main contexts of socialization

On the ways to exclude: permanence of school selectivity in integrated secondary education

This paper aims to analyze the school selectivity in the integrated secondary education. In order to understand this process, we conducted interviews with students of the last year of the integrated secondary education courses of a Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology (Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia) located in an area of urban periphery (Brazil). Considering that a significant part of the beginners gives up during his/her path, the analysis focused in the cases of permanence and success among the students of the course. It was of our interest to know the dispositions and motivations mentioned by the students who remain in the institution. For this, mobilizing contributions from the Sociology of Education, we could verify three aspects strongly related to the students’ success: (1) the formation of the habitus linked to the cultural capital of the social origin (BOURDIEU, 1998); (2) the learning of the students’ work (PERRENOUD, 1995); (3) the professional education course as a strategy for access to higher education. In the proposed analysis, we also sought to explain the selective and excluding character that characterizes the history of schooling in Brazil, arguing that, in the process of establishing and expanding access to school in the country, what was socially established as “natural” was the exclusion, despite of the policies and discourses in defense of the right of education for all

Investigation of Mannose-binding lectin level and deficiency in patients with Dermatophytosis

Background: Dermatophytosis is a cutaneous fungal infection with a worldwide occurrence. In dermatophyte infections, the release of keratinocyte cytokines, in the presence of dermatophyte antigens, causes an acute phase response; subsequently, the acute-phase proteins are produced by hepatocytes. Mannose-binding lectin (MBL), an acute-phase protein, also acts as a kind of pattern recognition receptor. MBL deficiency plays a role in susceptible viral, bacterial, fungal and parasitic infections. Objectives: Some research has been conducted on the role of acute-phase proteins in dermatophyte infections. This study has been designed to determine the serum MBL levels in patients with dermatophytosis. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study, included 96 healthy individuals and 105 patients with dermatophytosis, in access sampling procedure. Microscopic examinations were conducted and cultivated to detect dermatophytes, and in the cases that the identification of different dermatophyte species was necessary, complementary examinations were conducted. Additionally, the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to determine the serum MBL levels of healthy individuals and patients. Various tests (Chi-square, Fisher exact, Mann - Whitney, Kruskal Wallis, Kendal tau correlation coefficient and ROC curve analysis) were used to examine the relationships between variables, when the P < 0.05 were considered as significant level. Results: The mean serum MBL level of healthy individuals and patients, was 1.53 ± 1.87 μg/mL and 1.97 ± 2.03 μg/mL (P = 0.039), respectively. Using ROC curve analysis, the MBL level was established as a significant predictor of dermatophytosis (P = 0.042). MBL deficiency (serum level < 1 μg/mL) was more common in healthy group (56.2) than the patients with dermatophytosis (41.0). Conclusions: The findings showed that the increased concentrations of serum MBL in patients with dermatophytosis play a role in this fungal infection. The high frequency of MBL deficiency in healthy individuals was compared with patients indicated that MBL deficiency is not a predisposing factor of this type of infection. © 2013, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences; Published by Kowsar Corp

A review of the WHO strategy on traditional, complementary, and integrative medicine from the perspective of academic consortia for integrative medicine and health

Despite important progress in modern medicine, widely regarded as an indispensable foundation of healthcare in all highly advanced nations and regions, not all patients respond well to available treatments in biomedicine alone. Additionally, there are concerns about side effects of many medications and interventions, the unsustainable cost of healthcare and the low resolution of chronic non-communicable diseases and mental disorders whose incidence has risen in the last decades. Besides, the chronic stress and burnout of many healthcare professionals impairs the therapeutic relationship. These circumstances call for a change in the current paradigm and practices of biomedicine healthcare. Most of the world population (80%) uses some form of traditional, complementary, and integrative medicine (T&amp;CM), usually alongside biomedicine. Patients seem equally satisfied with biomedicine and T&amp;CM, but in the field of T&amp;CM there are also many challenges, such as unsupported claims for safety and/or efficacy, contamination of herbal medicines and problems with regulation and quality standards. As biomedicine and T&amp;CM seem to have different strengths and weaknesses, integration of both approaches may be beneficial. Indeed, WHO has repeatedly called upon member states to work on the integration of T&amp;CM into healthcare systems. Integrative medicine (IM) is an approach that offers a paradigm for doing so. It combines the best of both worlds (biomedicine and T&amp;CM), based on evidence for efficacy and safety, adopting a holistic personalized approach, focused on health. In the last decades academic health centers are increasingly supportive of IM, as evidenced by the foundation of national academic consortia for integrative medicine in Brazil (2017), the Netherlands (2018), and Germany (2024) besides the pioneering American consortium (1998). However, the integration process is slow and sometimes met with criticism and even hostility. The WHO T&amp;CM strategies (2002–2005 and 2014–2023) have provided incipient guidance on the integration process, but several challenges are yet to be addressed. This policy review proposes several possible solutions, including the establishment of a global matrix of academic consortia for IM, to update and extend the WHO T&amp;CM strategy, that is currently under review

THE ASSESSMENT OF THE CHILD AND ADOLESCENT’S NUTRITIONAL AND HEALTH STATUS IN THE NURSE’S CARE PRACTICE

Este es un estudio descriptivo exploratorio cuyos objetivos fueron evaluar el estado nutricional de niños y adolescentes que frecuentan un Centro Educacional en comunidad del Municipio de Rio de Janeiro, identificar los principales problemas de salud de estes y analizar la asociación entre la ocurrencia de problemas de salud y el estado nutricional. Los datos fueron recogidos de 168 participantes y los resultados muestran el sobrepeso o obesidad como principal disturbio nutricional, así como problemas relacionados al aparato respiratorio. No huvo diferencia estadística entre el estado nutricional y ocurrencia de problemas de salud. El estudio confirmó la tendencia nacional de cambio del perfil nutricional entre niños y adolescentes. Se destaca la importancia de la actuación educativa de enfermeros por medio de acciones de promoción de la salud y nutrición de esta población.Trata-se de um estudo descritivo exploratório que teve como objetivos avaliar o estado nutricional de crianças e adolescentes que frequentam um Centro Educacional em comunidade do Município do Rio de Janeiro, identificar os principais problemas de saúde destas e analisar a associação entre a ocorrência de problemas de saúde e o estado nutricional. A coleta de dados foi realizada junto a 168 participantes e os resultados mostraram o sobrepeso ou obesidade como principal distúrbio nutricional, e problemas referentes ao sistema respiratório. Não houve diferença estatística entre o estado nutricional e ocorrência de problemas de saúde. O estudo confirmou a tendência nacional da mudança do perfil nutricional entre crianças e adolescentes. Destaca-se a importância da atuação educativa de enfermeiros por meio de ações voltadas para a promoção da saúde e nutrição nesta população.This descriptive, exploratory study aimed to assess the nutritional status of children and adolescents attending an Educational Center in a community in the city of Rio de Janeiro, to identify their principal health problems and to analyze the association between the occurrence of health problems and their nutritional status. Data collection took place with 168 participants, and the results showed that being overweight or obese were the main nutritional disturbances, and problems referent to the respiratory system. There was no statistical difference between nutritional status and health problems. The study confirmed the national tendency of the change in the nutritional profile among children and adolescents. The importance of nurses’ educational work in actions directed at health promotion and nutrition in this population is emphasized

Assessing the safety and use of medicinal herbs during pregnancy: a cross-sectional study in São Paulo, Brazil

Background: Despite the lack of evidence supporting the safety and clinical efficacy of herbal medicine (HM), its use among pregnant women continues to increase. Given the high prevalence of contraindicated herbs among the pregnant population in Brazil, it is crucial to examine the use of HM and evaluate its safety based on the current scientific literature to ensure that women are using HM appropriately.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from October 2022 to January 2023 at a public teaching hospital in São Paulo, Brazil. A total of 333 postpartum women in the postnatal wards and postnatal clinic were interviewed using a semi-structured questionnaire. The survey instrument consisted of 51 items covering the use of HM during pregnancy, sociodemographic and health-related characteristics, COVID-19 experiences, and pregnancy outcomes. For data analysis, chi-square and multivariate logistic regression were conducted using SPSS ver. 26.0.Results: Approximately 20% of respondents reported using HM during their most recent pregnancy, with a higher use observed among women from ethnic minority groups and those with prior HM experience. Among the 20 medicinal herbs identified, 40% were found to be contraindicated or recommended for use with caution during pregnancy. However, only half of the women discussed their HM use with obstetric care providers.Conclusion: This study emphasizes the continued public health concern regarding the use of contraindicated or potentially harmful HM among pregnant women in Brazil, highlighting the need for sustained efforts to reduce the risk of inappropriate HM use. By updating antenatal care guidelines based on the latest scientific evidence, healthcare providers can make informed clinical decisions and effectively monitor pregnant women’s HM use, ultimately promoting safer and more effective healthcare practices

Importance of Preoperative Imaging in Acetabular Revision Surgery - A Case Report

Acetabular defects, particularly as a result of protrusion of acetabular components into the hemipelvis, may cause serious complications during revision procedures as a result of iatrogenic injury to surrounding anatomical structures. In these challenging cases, we advocate the utilisation of preoperative three dimensional imaging. MRI and CT- imaging offer superior understanding of the three-dimensional quality of bony defects and the relationship of implants to important anatomical structures. Appropriate preoperative planning may also prevent major complications during the removal of the pre-existing hardware, prior to re-implantation of implants. Potential complications include injury of nerves, blood vessels and other intrapelvic structures