Zero Gravity Dynamics Of Two-Phase Flow In A Circular Cylinder

The current study investigates the dynamics of a two phase flow in a circular cylinder under zero gravity conditions. Zero gravity fluid mechanics is applicable in both spaceflight and terrestrial applications. Plug formation obstruct lung passages and is the cause of asthma and pulmonary disease .In spaceflight applications, the helium bubbles occlude fuel lines of hydrazine arc-jet thrusters on satellites which cause operational problems. The process of plug formation is not fully understood. Previous studies have been limited to static solutions in cylinders. The goal of the current study is to investigate the dynamics of two phase flow under zero gravity conditions and low bond numbers. The specific objectives of this study are to model a two-phase flow into a circular cylinder via a side tube in zero gravity and confirm the existence of droplet, annulus, and plug topologies through experiment and simulation. Interim stages between topologies and steps of transition are analyzed in terms of flow quantities such as flow rate and kinetic energy. The effect of varying inlet pressure on topology formation is also determined and investigated. An experiment was conducted to determine the dynamics of silicone oil-air interface in a cylinder under low bond number conditions using a high speed camera to capture the fluid. Numerical simulations were carried out for both static and dynamic conditions. Results confirmed the existence of droplet, annulus and plug for the dynamic system. A characteristic time where plug is formed is identified and has a value of approximately 13. An instability regime between the annulus and plug was identified which gets narrower for higher pressure differences. Stable plug solutions are delayed for lower pressure differences. Stable plug solutions in dynamic systems were found to be higher than those in static systems under the same conditions

Assessing Artificial Recharge on Groundwater Quantity Using Wells Recharge

In arid and semi-arid countries like Iraq, which suffer from water scarcity due to the effects of climate change and decreased surface water flow, groundwater is considered a vital source of irrigation water. This study is concerned with the influence of artificial recharge on the rehabilitation of the unconfined aquifer called Al-Dibdibba, located between the cities of Najaf and Kerbala in central Iraq around 31°550′ N and 32°450′ N and 43°300′ E and 44°300′ E. Due to excessive groundwater pumping rates for irrigation, this aquifer has suffered from groundwater decline and increased salinization during the previous 20 years. By establishing a conceptual model in the groundwater modeling system software (GMS), a numerical model was made to simulate groundwater flow. Artificial recharge using recycled water (tertiary treatment) from Kerbala's primary WWTP was carried out using 25 injection wells. The model was calibrated against historical and observed water level data for periods from 2016 to 2017. Three scenarios to predict how the aquifer would act with artificial recharge of 5%, 8%, and 10% from the total daily outflow of the WWTP in Kerbala (100000 m3/day) were studied. The calibration model met the observed values of groundwater levels with R2 = 0.989 for steady-state simulations and R2 = 0.987 for transient simulations. In the final analysis of the simulation, the results show that the maximum predicted groundwater level was raised by the injection of treated water through 25 wells by 1.05 m for 5000 m3/day, 2 m for 8000 m3/day, and 3 m for 10,000 m3/day recharge pumping rates. In addition, if water were pumped into the aquifer, it might support the development of agricultural lands covering more than 93 km2. So, artificial recharge can be considered one of the important solutions to adaptation to the effects of climate change and desertification in Iraq. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2023-09-09-010 Full Text: PD

Micro Facies Analysis and Development of Diagenetic Processes in Khasib Formation in Selected Oil Wells, South East of Iraq

يعد تكوين الخصيب من التكوينات الميمة في تتابع التوروني الكامباني المبكر ، حيث يمثل نظام المسار التقدمي ضمن بيئة -- - ) الرف الداخمي والعميق ، اذ تم د ا رسة تكوين الخصيب في أربعة آبار نفطية، اثنان منيما من حقل نور النفطي ىما ) نور 1 ونور 2- - . ) والآخ ا رن من حقل العمارة النفطي وىما )عمارة 4 وعمارة 5( في محافظة ميسان ، جنوب شرق الع ا رق .)البدري, 1111تم تمييز خمسة سحنات دقيقة في تكوين الخصيب ىي : الحجر الجيري الحبيبي والحجر الجيري المت ا رص والحجر الجيري الواكيوالمت ا رص الواكي والحجر الجيري الطيني ، حيث تواجدت السحنات ذات النسيج الخشن في الجزء الاسفل من تكوين الخصيب في -الآبار المدروسة بينما تمثل الجزء الاعمى منو بالنسيج الناعم والذي يعني تعمقا باتجاه الأعمى .تم تميي زعددآ من العمميات التحويرية التي أثرت عمى نسيج تكوين الخصيب ، حيث كان بعضآ منيا يمثل عمميات بنائية والتي لعبتدور آايجابيآ في تحسين نسبة المسامية بينما مثمت العمميات الأخرى دو ا ر سمبيآ في تأثيرىا عمى المساميةKhasib Formation is considered an important formation in the Late Turonian-Early Campanian sequence and represented a transgressive system tract within deep and inner ramp environment, where Khasib Formation was studied in four oil wells, two from Noor oil field they are : (No-1,2), and the others form Amara oil field ,they are (Am-4,5) in Missan governorate ,southeast of Iraq. (Al-Badry,1999).Five main microfacies had been recognized for Khasib Formation in studied oil wells , they are : grainstone, packstone , Wackstone, packstone –wackstone and mudstone microfacies , and the coarse texture was defined in the lower part of Khasib Formation while the fine texture was defined in the upper part of the studied formation which meaning deepening upward.Many digenesis processes which effect on the texture also had been detected, some of them were constructive which played positive role in enhancement the porosity while the other represented negative role

Seismic stratigraphy study of the East Razzaza in Jurassic- Cretaceous succession- Central Iraq

This study is deal with seismic structural and stratigraphic interpretation that applied on the East Razzaza (central of Iraq) area, by using 2D seismic data from Oil Exploration Company. Three main seismic reflectors were picked. These reflectors are Zubair, Yamama and Gotnia Formations, which were used to define petrophysical well logs and synthetic seismograms , that are calculated from sonic-logs of the wells of East Baghdad-1 (Eb-1) and West Kifl-1(Wk-1) by Geoframe program, to interpret the Yamama basin and the boundaries of the basin (Zubair and Gotnia Formations), and suggest a stratigraphic model for the study area. Structural maps are prepared for each reflector in addition to analyze stratigraphic features on the seismic sections to obtain the location and direction of the sedimentary basin and shoreline. It is concluded that the basin lies in the east and south east of the area. Seismic stratigraphic interpretation of the area approves the presence of some stratigraphic features in the studied formations. Some distributary buildup mound and carbonate platform are determined. Yamama Formation is interpreted to represent a carbonate platform, and it is divided into three sequences; they represent progradational seismic facies (sigmoid). Maximum flooding surface (MFS) is recognized on top of Yamama Formation and system tracts are determined on the basis of seismic and log data. Seismic attributes technique was used to predict the physical properties distribution of Yamama Formation succession