Related factors of physical activity preventive behavior of osteoporosis based on health belief model among teen girls in Qom City, Iran

Background Although osteoporosis is a disease of adulthood, it can start from childhood and adolescence. Lifestyle, especially physical activity, mobility, and proper nutrition during adolescence are among the important osteoporosis preventive factors. Therefore, this study aimed to determine related factors of physical activity preventive behavior of osteoporosis based on the Health Belief Model (HBM) among teen girls in Qom city, Iran. Materials and Methods This cross-sectional descriptive analytical study was conducted on 265 tenth to twelfth grade girl students in Qom city. The participants were selected via multistage sampling method. A researcher-made questionnaire based on Health Belief Model used for data collection. Data were analyzed using SPSS-20. Results The current study, knowledge and perceived self-efficacy had a significant and positive relationship with physical activity behavior (r=0.13, P 0.05). Conclusion The results of the study showed that educational interventions and programs must focus on increasing knowledge and perceived self-efficacy to enhance physical activity behavior and reduce the perceived barriers associated with osteoporosis preventive physical activity

Investigation of the knowledge and skill of proper consumption of fruit and vegetables among shahrekord adolescent girls

The life style is formed and stabilized in adolescence. Since consumption of fruits and vegetables may affect the risk of chronic diseases, their low consumption during adolescence is very important. Knowledge and skill is considered as one of the main determinants of this behavior. This study aimed to investigate the Knowledge and skill of proper consumption of fruit and vegetables among adolescent girls in Shahrekord, Iran. Materials and Methods: This study was a descriptive-analytic investigation conducted on high school girls in Shahrekord city during 2013 to 2014. 308 female students were selected randomly from 8 high schools and a researcher made questionnaire was used to collect the demographic, Knowledge and skill related data. Validity and reliability of the questionnaire was evaluated by internal consistency method (Cronbach's alpha = 0.70, Cronbach's alpha= 0.76), respectively. The collected data was analyzed by SPSS-21 software. Results: The mean age of students was 13.86 ± 1.3 years. There was no statistically significant association between consumption of fruit and vegetables and fathers' education level, mothers' job and parents' age. However, there was a significant association between fathers' job and adolescents' skill of fruit and vegetables consumption (P < 0.05). In addition, a significant association between mothers' education level and adolescents' knowledge and skill of fruit and vegetables consumption was observed (P < 0.05). There was a significant direct association between knowledge and skill (P=0.01 and r=082), so that adolescents with more knowledge, had a better skill as well. Conclusion: Considering the adolescents' low knowledge and skill in proper consumption of fruit and vegetables and also the direct association between knowledge and skill, it seems necessary to implement educational programs according to the health education and promotion theories and models, with contribution of parents and school personnel, to improve the knowledge and skill and empower adolescent girls in consumption of fruit and vegetables

Physical activity in adolescent girls and their perceptions of obesity prevention in Shahr-e Kord, Iran

Background: Regular physical activity (PA) has positive effects on physical, psychological and social health in the individual and the community. Reduced PA is a major global problem that is increasing in prevalence every day. The present study aimed to determine the status of PA among adolescent girls and their perceptions of obesity prevention. Materials and Methods: The present descriptive-analytical study was conducted on 308 randomly-selected female high-school students in in Shahr-e Kord, Iran. Data were collected using a researcher-made questionnaire based on the Health Belief Model and the Standard Physical Activity Questionnaire and were then analyzed in SPSS-16 using statistical tests including the Chi-square test and Pearson's and Spearman's Correlation Coefficients. Results: According to the results, 217 (70.1%) of the adolescents had light PA, 84 (27.3%) had moderate and only 8 (2.6%) had severe physical activity. The adolescents obtained mean scores of 39.61±19.46 in knowledge, 31.88±15.04 in perceived susceptibility, 34.76±19.82 in perceived severity, 43.11±2.6 in perceived benefits of PA and 39.94±1.93 in perceived barriers. The mean score of perceived susceptibility, perceived severity and perceived benefits were higher in those with moderate physical activity compared to those with light physical activity (P < 0.001). Conclusion Given the status of PA in the participating adolescents and their low knowledge and poor perceptions of obesity and its relationship with regular physical activity, it is necessary to develop and implement health education and promotion interventions that aim to raise knowledge, generate interest in physical activity and its regular practice and, more importantly, make this behavior persistent

Association between social cognitive theory constructs and fruit and vegetable's consumption in adolescent girls

Background: Unfortunately just a few numbers of children and adolescents use sufficient amounts of fruit and vegtabless. This study aimed to investigate the Association between social cognitive theory constructs and fruit and vegetables consumption in adolescent girls. Materials and Methods: This is a descriptive analytic study conducted on 308 high school girls (first grade) who were selected by cluster sampling method in Shahrekord, Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province, Iran. A researcher made questionnaire was used to collect the needed data like demographic variables, substructures of perceived self-efficacy, outcome expectations and outcome evaluation. In order to investigate the fruit and vegetables consumption status, the standard questionnaire of Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) was used. The data were analyzed using SPSS 18.0 software. Results: The mean scores of outcome expectation, outcome evaluation and perceived self-efficacy were 35.52±16.26, 34.60±20.21 and 32.55±19.81, respectively of the total score of 100. The mean scores of fruit and vegetables consumption and vegetables consumption were reported as 1.45±0.68 and 1.47±0.95, respectively, as well. There was a direct significant correlation between adolescents' perceived self-efficacy and outcome expectations (P = 0.034, r = 0.040). A direct significant correlation was also observed between fruit consumption and both outcome evaluation (P = 0. 033, r = 0.012), and perceived self-efficacy (P = 0.051, r =0.064). Conclusion: Regarding the status of fruit and vegetables consumption and the mean scores of social cognitive theory constructs and relationship between them and also the importance of promoting healthy diet in the critical period of adolescence, it seems necessary to use efficient patterns and theories of health education and promotion has been considered

The effect of education on improvement of intake of fruits and vegetables aiming at preventing cardiovascular diseases

Background: Cardiovascular diseases refer to a group of diseases that affect the cardiovascular system; principally cardiac diseases, vascular diseases of the brain and kidney and peripheral arterial diseases which are caused by various factors. Considering the importance of nutrition education, especially the intake of fruits and vegetables, this study was performed to determine the effect of health education, Based on the Health Belief Model, on the improvement of intake of fruits and vegetables aiming at preventing cardiovascular diseases among high school girls in the city of Shahre- Kord, Iran. Methods: This was a quasi-experimental intervention study, in which 120 female students of high schools in Isfahan were selected through convenient sampling and were divided into two groups of experimental (60) and control (60). The instruments for data collection were the Health Belief Model and FFQ questionnaires. The HBM questionnaire was completed three times (before, immediately and two months after the intervention) and the FFQ questionnaire was completed two times (before and two months after the intervention) by the students. After the pre-test, six educational sessions were provided for the experimental group. Finally, data were collected and analyzed by SPSS 16 (ttest, paired t-test and repeated measure ANOVA). Results: There were no differences between the two groups in terms of demographic variables. Before the intervention, there were not any significant differences between the scores of different structures of this model between the two groups (p>0.05); however, after the intervention, significant differences were found between the experimental and control groups in the levels of knowledge, perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, perceived benefits, perceived barriers, perceived efficacy and performance (p<0.001). Conclusion: According to the results, the intervention had a positive impact on the improvement of intake of fruits and vegetables among the students

Consumption of fruits and vegetables among college students living in dormitory in Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences

Obesity is rising rapidly in Iran. Nutrition is an important issue of obesity; Fruits and vegetables are among the best food sources of antioxidant vitamins, soluble fibers, phytochemicals, and other nutrient constituents. Further, some of these foods have been shown to be protective related to reduction of chronic disease risk. In this study, consumption of fruits &amp; vegetables and body mass index (BMI) among College Students Living in dormitory at Shahid Beheshti University of medical sciences were evaluated. In this descriptive analytic survey, 658 college students whose have being lived in dormitory at Shahid Beheshti University of medical sciences were selected by clustering sampling method. Data collected using a food frequency questionnaire and analyzed by SPSS16 software.  Mean age of participants was 21.82 for females and 22.76 years for males. Frequency of fruits consumption was 2.6± 0.9 per day in female and 2.3±0.7 in male, while frequency of   vegetables consumption was 3.2±1.00 in female and 2.9± 0.9 per day in male students.  In general, consumption of fruits (p=0.003) and vegetables (p&lt;0.001) were significantly more in female than males students. BMI in students was normal. Results indicated that students hadn’t optimal practice towards fruits and vegetables consumption. Thus, it is essential that authorities pay more attention to this specific problem in training the students, in order to maintain the optimal nutritional status.

تأثير آموزش مبتني بر الگوي اعتقاد بهداشتي و ارتقاي مصرف ميوه و سبزيجات به منظور پيشگيري از بيمار يهاي قلبي- عروقي: يك مطالعه مداخله اى

Background and Aims: Cardiovascular diseases are noncontiguous diseases which are caused by various factors. Considering the importance of nutrition education especially consumption of fruits and vegetables; This study was performed to determine the effect of health education based on health belief model on the improvement of consumption of fruits and vegetables aiming at preventing cardiovascular disease among high school girls in Shahr-e-kord city.Materials and Methods:&nbsp;This is a quasi-experimental intervention study. The research population was 120 students that were randomly divided into different groups, experimental (60 person) and controls (60 person). The tools for data collecting were questionnaire health belief model based and FFQ questionnaire. The HBM questionnaire was completed 3 times, (before, Immediately and 2 months after education) and FFQ questionnaire was completed 2 times, (before and 2 months after education) by students. After pre-test, 6 educational session classes in experimental group were performed. Finally data collected and analyzed by SPSS16 computer software (T- test, repeated measure ANOVA).Results:&nbsp;The two groups had no significant difference in terms of demographic variables. There was no significant differences observed in two groups before the intervention between the scores of different structures of this model (P&gt;0/05). There was significant differences observed after the intervention between experimental and control groups in the levels of knowledge, perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, perceived benefits, perceived barriers, perceived efficacy and performance (p&lt;0.001).Conclusion: According to the results, intervention has positive impact on the improvement of consumption of fruits and vegetables among students.زمينه و هدف: بيماري هاي قلبي- عروقي، بيماري هاي غير واگير هستند كه توسط عوامل متعدد ايجاد مي شوند. نظر به اهميت آموزشبه منظور ارتقاي رفتارهاي تغذيه اي پيشگيري کننده از بيماري هاي قلبي- عروقي به ويژه مصرف ميوه و سبزيجات، اين پژوهش باهدف تعيين تأثير برنامه آموزشي مبتني بر الگوي اعتقاد بهداشتي بر ارتقاي مصرف ميوه و سبزيجات به منظور پيشگيري از بيماري هايقلبي – عروقي انجام شد. مواد و روش ها: پژوهش حاضر یک مطالعه نیمه تجربی اس. این مطالعه روی120 دانش آموز دختر دبیرستانی که به صورت تصادفی در2 گروه آزمون(60نفر) و شاهد(60نفر) قرار گرفتند انجام شد. ابزار جمع آوری اطلاعات پرسشنامه مبتنی بر الگوی اعتثقاد بهداشتی در سه زمان قبل تکمیل گردید. یافته ها: دو گروه ازنظر متغیرهای دموگرافیک تفاوت معنی داری با هم نداشتند. قبل از مداخله تفاوت معنی داری بین میانگین نمرات سازه های مختلف این الگو در دو گروه مشاهده نشد. بعد از مداخله تفاوت معنی داری در میانگین نمرات آگاهی، حساسیت درک شده، شدت درک شده، منافع درک شده و موانع درک شده و عملکرد بین دو گروه آزمون و شاهد مشاهده شد. نتيجه گيري: با توجه به يافته هاي پژوهش چنين استنباط مي شود كه مداخله حاضر تأثير مثبتي روي افزايش مصرف ميوه و سبزيجاتدانش آموزان داشته است

Perceived social support, depression, and perceived stress in university students

      Psychological disorders are universally common problems. Social support contributes much to the health of individuals. Focusing upon social support and upon vicissitudes of life can help prevent the depression-induced disorders. The present paper investigated the relationship between perceived social support, depression and perceived stress in university students.The descriptive-analytical study was carried out on 390 students living in Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sceince campus, whom were selected based on a simple random selection method. The related questionnaires of multidimensional scales of perceived social support, Beck’s depression, and perceived stress then were distributed during midterm among students to collect the necessary data. Data was fed into SPSS 16 and analysed using ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficient, independent t-test, Chi-square, and Fisher exact test.Our results indicated that 49.7 per cent of students suffered from specific degrees of depression. 30.5 per cent of students had given educational progress and employment as sources of stress in living in the campus. The perceived social support scores were 28.32±9.56, depression, 12.10±9.02, and for perceived stress was 26.84±8.27. A significant relationship was shown to be between perceived social support, depression, and perceived stress (p&lt;0.001) The conclusion made in the paper is that considering depression and stress is crucial to the health of the students. Also, forming workgroups to increase social support for students can help alleviates depression and stress in university students

Study of the Safe Behavior in Road Crossing Using the Theory of Planned Behavior among Middle School Students

Background Given that school-age students, as active road users, are more vulnerable to injury compared with other pedestrians, a large number of them, following an injury, may either fail to go to school at least for a short time or even suffer from disabilities for the rest of their lives. The aim of this study was to determine safe behavior in road crossing using the theory of planned behavior among middle school students. Materials and Methods The current study was cross-sectional, descriptive-analytical in design. The population included middle school students in Qom, Iran. A multistage sampling procedure was utilized with 364 students participated in the study. A questionnaire about theory of planned behavior underlying safe behavior in road crossing was employed. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS version 20.0 by independent-samples t-test, Chi-square, and Pearson correlation coefficient. Results In the current study, the mean score of safe behavior in road crossing for female students was significantly higher than in male students (P < 0.001). In addition, there were significant positive relationships between safe behavior in road crossing and attitude (r = 0.36, p < 0.001), perceived behavioral control (r = 0.24, p < 0.001), and intention (r = 0.20, p < 0.001). In contrast, there was no statistically significant relationship between safe behavior and subjective norms (r = -0.26, p = 0.61). Conclusion As regards, safe behavior in road crossing is low among students, and their attitude and ability affected on behavior; therefore, using the theory of planned behavior can be increased safe behavior in road crossing

Related Factors of the Preventing Behaviors of HIV/AIDS among Young People: Applying the Extended Health Belief Model (EHBM)

Background HIV/AIDS is one of the major public health problems and a barrier to the progress of human civilization that is considered as a big concern for people all around the world. Premarital sexual abstinence is introduced as the most effective way to avoid HIV/AIDS. This study aimed to determine associated factors in the preventing behaviors of HIV/AIDS among young people using the Extended Health Belief Model. Materials and Methods This research was a cross-sectional descriptive analytical study which was conducted on 577 students in different universities in Shiraz. The participants were enrolled in the study using random stratified sampling method. A researcher-made questionnaire based on Extended Health Belief Model was implemented to collect data. Data were analyzed with SPSS V.18 using independent t-test, ANOVA, and Pearson correlation coefficient. Results In this study, the intention of premarital sexual abstinence had a statistically significant association with the constructs of knowledge, perceived susceptibility, perceived benefits, perceived barriers, perceived self-efficacy, subjective norms, and religious beliefs (