Effect of Vitagnus and Passi-pay on hot flash of menopausal women

زمینه و هدف: دوران یائسگی به دنبال دوران حساس و بحرانی کلیماکتریک همراه با عوارض و پیامدهایی می باشد که می توانند بر کیفیت زندگی زن تأثیر گذاشته و احساس خوب و سالم بودن را در او تضعیف نمایند. شایع ترین و آزار دهنده ترین این پیامدها گرگرفتگی می باشد نظر به اینکه گرگرفتگی بر کار، فعالیت های اجتماعی، لذت از زندگی، اوقات فراغت، خواب و کیفیت کلی زندگی تأثیر می گذارد و با توجه به اینکه درمان اصلی این حالت هورمون درمانی است که دارای عوارض و پیامدهای سوء بوده، پیگیری های مداوم را می طلبد، در عده ای منع مصرف داشته و گروهی نیز از مصرف آن راضی نیستند، بر آن شدیم تا با تعیین تأثیر دو داروی گیاهی فیتواستروژنی (حاوی موادی شبیه استروژن) بر گرگرفتگی، قدمی در جهت بهبود کیفیت زندگی زنان و ارتقاء سطح سلامتی آنان برداریم. مواد و روشها: پژوهش فوق از نوع کارآزمایی بالینی دو سوکور و آینده نگر می باشد که در سال 1381 در اصفهان انجام شده است. حجم نمونه در این مطالعه 81 نفر زنان 55-45 ساله واجد شرایط بوده که از گرگرفتگی شاکی و مایل به درمان بودند و به روش نمونه گیری آسان به طور تصادفی در سه گروه 27 نفری شامل گروه درمان با ویتاگنوس، گروه درمان با پاسی پی و گروه درمان با پلاسبو قرار گرفتند. اطلاعات از طریق مصاحبه، پرسشنامه، ویژگی های فردی و پرسشنامه شدت گرگرفتگی کوپرمن که قبل و پس از درمان در 3 مرحله توسط واحدهای مورد پژوهش تکمیل گردید جمع آوری شد و نتایج توسط آمار توصیفی و تحلیلی (من ویتنی، کراسکال والیس و ویل کاکسون) مورد تجزیه و تحلیل قرار گرفتند. نتایج: یافته ها نشان داد که شدت گرگرفتگی بین سه گروه پس از درمان با استفاده از آزمون کراسکال والیس اختلاف آماری معنی داری وجود دارد (05/0

The serological study of cystic echinococcosis and assessment of surgical cases during 5 years (2007- 2011) in Khorram Abad, Iran

Background: Echinococcus granulosus is a cestode whose larval stage causes cystic echinococcosis in wild animals, livestock, and human.Objective: The aim of this study is to highlight the seroepidemiology of E. granulosus infection and surgical cases in the general population of Khorram Abad district, southwest of Iran.Materials and Methods: Anti.E. granulosus antibodies were tested in 617 inhabitants in Khorram Abad by enzyme.linked immunoassay and antigen B. The surgical cases of cystic echinococcosis were investigated in Shohaday.e.Ashayer Hospital of Khorram Abad (as a referral center) from 2007 to 2011.Results: In total, 95 (15.4%) of the 617 participants (mean age 39.6 } 17.6 years) had anti.E. granulosus antibodies. Prevalence of infection was more in males (60%) than females (40%), and showed statistical significance (P < 0.001). High.titer antibodies were most prevalent among the subjects aged 20-29 years. There was significant association between the presence of Echinococcus antibodies and the sector of residence, education of volunteers, and occupation (P < 0.05). According to hospital records, 58 cystic echinococcosis cases were referred to the hospital during the 5 years. Among the cases, 28 (48.3%) were men and 30 (51.7%) were women. They were between 4 and 74 years of age (36.6 } 18.9 years). The liver was the organ where most of the hydatid cysts (51.7%) were located, followed by lungs (20.7%).Conclusion: This is the first report of the seroprevalence and contributing factors for E. granulosus infection in the general population in Khorram Abad. The findings confirm the importance of diagnosing human cystic echinococcosis in these regions, given the prevalence rates of surgical cases during the last 5 years, and need further evaluation of the risk factors present.Key words: Cystic echinococcosis, hospitals records, hydatidosis, seroepidemiolog

Hinge and overturning moments due to unsteady heliostat pressure distributions in a turbulent atmospheric boundary layer

Available online 09 October 2019Non-uniform pressure distributions on the heliostat surface due to turbulence in the atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) have a significant impact on the maximum bending moments about the hinge of and pedestal base of a conventional pedestal-mounted heliostat. This paper correlates the movement of the centre of pressure due to the mean and peak pressure distributions with the hinge and overturning moment coefficients using high-frequency pressure and force measurements on a scale-model heliostat within two simulated ABLs generated in a wind tunnel. The positions of the centre of pressure were calculated for a range of heliostat elevation-azimuth configurations using a similar analogy to those in ASCE 7-02 for monoslope-roof buildings, ASCE 7-16 for rooftop solar panels, and in the literature on flat plates. It was found that the maximum hinge moment is strongly correlated to the centre of pressure movement from the heliostat central elevation axis. Application of stow and operating load coefficients to a full-scale 36m² heliostat showed that the maximum hinge moment remains below the stow hinge moment at maximum operating design gust wind speeds of 29 m/s in a suburban terrain and 33 m/s in a desert terrain. The operating hinge moments at elevation angles above 45° are less than 60% of the stow loads with a constant 40 m/s design wind speed. The results in the current study can be used to determine heliostat configurations and appropriate design wind speeds in different terrains leading to the maximum design wind loads on the elevation drive and foundation.Matthew J. Emes, Azadeh Jafari, Farzin Ghanadi, Maziar Arjomand

Correlating turbulence intensity and length scale with the unsteady lift force on flat plates in an atmospheric boundary layer flow

Available online 11 April 2019The correlation between turbulence intensity and length scale and the lift force on a horizontal flat plate in an atmospheric boundary layer flow is investigated in this study. Experiments were conducted in a large-scale wind tunnel to measure the peak loads on flat plate models of various chord length dimensions at different heights within simulated atmospheric boundary layers. The peak lift force coefficient on the flat plates was correlated with both turbulence intensity and length scale. The results show that the peak lift force coefficient on the flat plate is a function of vertical integral length scale (Lxw) and vertical turbulence intensity (Iw) in terms of a parameter defined as Iw (Lxw/c)²·⁴, where is the chord length of the plate. An increase in this turbulence parameter from 0.005 to 0.054, increases the peak lift force coefficient from 0.146 to 0.787. The established relationship is then used to predict the peak wind loads on full-scale heliostats within the atmospheric surface layer as a case study. It is found that decreasing the ratio of heliostat height to the chord length dimension of the mirror panel from 0.5 to 0.2 leads to a reduction of 80% in the peak stow lift force coefficient, independent of the terrain roughness.Azadeh Jafari, Farzin Ghanadi, Maziar Arjomandi, Matthew J. Emes, Benjamin S. Cazzolat

Turbulence characteristics in the wake of a heliostat in an atmospheric boundary layer flow

The mean and spectral characteristics of turbulence in the wake flow of a flat plate model resembling a heliostat in the atmospheric boundary layer flow are investigated in a wind tunnel experiment. Mean velocity and turbulence kinetic energy were characterized in the wake of a heliostat model at three elevation angles up to a distance of eight times the characteristic dimension of the heliostat panel. An increase in turbulence intensity and kinetic energy was found in the wake flow, reaching a peak at a distance equal to approximately twice the characteristic dimension of the heliostat panel. Furthermore, spectral and wavelet analysis of velocity fluctuations in the wake showed that the dominant mechanism in the immediate downstream of the plate was the breakdown of large inflow turbulence structures to smaller scales. In the end, the wake-induced turbulence patterns and wind loads in a heliostat field were discussed. It was found that compared to a heliostat at the front row, the heliostats positioned in high-density regions of a field were subjected to a higher turbulence intensity and, consequently, larger dynamic wind loading. The results show that it is necessary to consider the increased unsteady wind loads for the design of a heliostat in high-density regions of a field, where the gap between the rows is less than three-times the characteristic length of the heliostat panel.Azadeh Jafari, Matthew Emes, Benjamin Cazzolato, Farzin Ghanadi, and Maziar Arjomand

An experimental investigation of unsteady pressure distribution on tandem heliostats

The unsteady surface pressure distribution on heliostats in a tandem arrangement is investigated in this experimental study. The differential pressure on the panel of a heliostat model is measured for a range of gaps between the two tandem heliostats, varying from 1 to 7 times the chord length dimension of the panel. The heliostat models are placed in a simulated turbulent atmospheric boundary layer in the University of Adelaide wind tunnel. The measured surface pressures are analysed and compared with those of a single heliostat, at three elevation angles of 30°, 60° and 90°. The results showed that the peak pressure distribution on the tandem heliostat differs significantly from the single heliostat. Regions of large-magnitude pressure occur near the edges of the panel at smaller gap ratios. Large unsteady variations of the position of the centre of pressure are found for the tandem heliostat at gap ratios equal to and less than 5, which lead to an increase of the hinge moment relative to the single heliostat. The peak hinge moment coefficient on a tandem heliostat is found to be 40% and 70% larger than the coefficient on the single heliostat at elevation angles of 30° and 60°, respectively. The results therefore indicate the importance of the unsteady wind loads in different rows of a field for the design of heliostats as they vary significantly from the loads on a single heliostat dependent on the field arrangement.Azadeh Jafari, Matthew Emes, Benjamin Cazzolato, Farzin Ghanadi, Maziar Arjomand

Towards testing of a second-generation bladed receiver

A bladed receiver design concept is presented which offers a >2% increase in overall receiver efficiency after considering spillage, reflection, emission and convection losses, based on an integrated optical-thermal model, for a design where the working fluid is conventional molten salt operating in the standard 290–565°C temperature range. A novel testing methodology is described, using air and water to test the receiver when molten salt facilities are not available. Technoeconomic analysis shows that the receiver could achieve a 4 AUD/MWhe saving in levelised cost of energy, but only if the bladed receiver design can be implemented at no additional cost

A summary of experimental studies on heliostat wind loads in a turbulent atmospheric boundary layer

The aerodynamic loads on heliostats have been investigated through an extensive range of experimental studies at the University of Adelaide in association with the Australian Solar Thermal Research Institute (ASTRI). Applied modelling techniques using spires and roughness elements were adopted for generation and characterisation of the temporal and spatial turbulence fluctuations, matching those in the lower region of the atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) where full-scale heliostats are positioned. Heliostat wind loads were found to be highly dependent on the critical scaling parameters of the heliostat and the turbulence intensities and scales in the ABL flow. The peak drag and lift coefficients on heliostats followed a similar variation with elevation and azimuth angles to those previously reported in the literature at a similar turbulence intensity. However, the current study revealed a linear increase of the peak drag and lift coefficients on heliostats in operating and stow positions with a parameter defined by the product of the turbulence intensity and the ratio of the turbulence length scales to the heliostat chord length.Maziar Arjomandi, Matthew Emes, Azadeh Jafari, Jeremy Yu, Farzin Ghanadi, Richard Kelso, Benjamin Cazzolato, Joe Coventry, Mike Collin

ANALGESIC AND ANTIINFLAMMATORY EFFECTS OF TOTAL EXTRACT, FLAVONOID FRACTION AND VOLATILE OIL OF SALVIA HYDRANGEA

Background. Gol-e-arvaneh with the scientific name of salvia hydrangea (Labiatea) belongs to Salvia genus. In traditional medicine it has been used as analgesic, relieving headache, cold remedy, antipyretic and diuretic. Since until now this plant has not been investigated pharacologically. This study was aimed to find any anti-inflammatory or analgesic activity of the plant.
 Methods. At first, total extract, flavonoid fraction and volatile oil was prepared. Analgesic effect was assessed using light tail flick and acetic acid writhing test. Male wistar rats (180-220g) and mice (25±2g) were used in these tests. Carrageen in test was used for assessing anti-inflammatory activity.
 Results. Total extract and flavonoid fraction could not produce analgesic effect in light tail flick test, while morphine as a standard drug 15 and 30 min. after administration produced 35% and 90% of MPE respectively. In writhing test, total extract and flavonoid fraction had considerable analgesic effect which was comparable to that of indomethacin. Results of Carageenin test showed that both total extract and flavonoid fraction had marked anti-inflammatory activity and volatile oil had only a slight effect.
 Discussion. Since potent drugs (such as opioids) show positive response to light tail flick test, it seems that the plant lacks such compounds. Considerable analgesic activity of total extract and flavonoid fraction in writhing test and also their anti-inflammatory activity indicate that this plant is probably useful for relieving pains, particularly with inflammatory origin

Analysis of the turbulent boundary layer in the vicinity of a self-excited cylindrical Helmholtz resonator

This study investigates the changes in the structure of a turbulent boundary layer downstream of a flow-excited Helmholtz resonator. To this end, a fully developed turbulent boundary layer over a resonator mounted flush with a flat plate was simulated by implementing a large eddy simulation (LES). To assist in understanding the effect of the resonator on the flow structure, a sensitivity study was undertaken by changing the main geometrical parameters of the resonator. The results demonstrated that when the boundary layer thickness equals the orifice length, the cross-stream component of velocity fluctuations penetrates the boundary layer, resulting in a reduction of the turbulence intensity by up to 12%. Therefore, it is concluded that a Helmholtz resonator has the potential to reduce the instabilities within the boundary layer. These investigations also assist in identifying the optimal parameters to delay turbulence events within the grazing flow using Helmholtz resonators.Farzin Ghanadi, Maziar Arjomandi, Benjamin S. Cazzolato and Anthony C. Zande