Psychoanalytic perspective of trauma in John Barth’s The Development: nine stories

This study aims to investigate John Barth’s The Development in the light of trauma theory. Traumatic events were firstly discussed in Freud’s Studies in Hysteria, and then were revisited in Beyond the Pleasure Principle. They can have happened in the past life of a subject, can be unacceptable to their consciousness, and yet they can return in the form of compulsive and repetitive behaviors. Possible symptoms may be more the result of the subject’s repressed desires than traumatic events. Moreover, traumas are not only the result of the subject’s personal experience but the ramifications of the historical context and past environment to which the subject is bound. In Barth’s The Development: Nine Stories the tales are narrated by aging people who struggle with forces around them which affect their lives. These forces compel a couple to a pact of spontaneous suicide. Loss, family, and social dysfunction are among the other outcomes of trauma which are satirised in a conspiratorial tone. Symbolised in Heron Bay Estates, the American society is depicted as a gated community that must come to terms with the illusions of safety and conspiracy, for they are not walled off traumas that lurk in their most private moments. Barth demonstrates that a gated community can never protect its members from possible traumas. An analysis of traumatic experiences should be considered along with the linguistic and nonlinguistic means of representation through which an event is recollected because the event is reconstructed to reach equilibrium to comprehend the occurrence of the trauma. In the stories of The Development such verbal representations of temporality are enslaved to traumatic events. And this will explore how the narrative of a past history and temporality through traumatised subjects enable the representation of the hidden aspects both of history and the subconscious

Faith and reason in the mad subjectivity: Cormac McCarthy’s post-apocalyptic narrative The Road

Identified as the core of human subjectivity, madness and the shattered self are among the issues which Cormac McCarthy represents in his brilliant though terrifying narrative The Road. This study attempts to address the representation of subjectivity’s faith and reason in the face of physical and mental struggles in his novel. Moreover, the relation that subjectivity has to the Big Other will be analyzed under Žižekian paradigms. In the pre-Kantian era, the human subject was to struggle against an extremity of madness so as to redeem itself a state of reason. But since Kant proposed that the core of subject/ivity can be madness itself, the struggles represented in McCarthy’s novel have been examined as significant events that show this core of inconsistency and madness. To do so, the present study analyzes his text to show the inconsistency of the subject/ivity of his characters along with the role of reason/madness and their relations to faith in the narrative. Particularly, it would be fruitful to focus on the contribution of what Žižek calls the “Light of Reason” and its fluctuations/fragmentations. The point opposite to this Light would be the Dark of the world, a dire night in which that mad center of human subjectivity could emerge into the novel’s events. For this purpose, the paper will elaborate more thoroughly on Derrida’s and Žižek’s viewpoints regarding Enlightenment and subjectivity. Of the main consideration in McCarthy’s text is deciding about life and death and about the force that compels his protagonists to keep fighting for their survival

Event, iterability, and justice practiced in the sense of law: a derridean reading of Arthur Miller’s The Crucible

This paper aims to investigate Arthur Miller’s The Crucible in terms of Derridean critical terms, particularly event, iterability, and justice. Furthermore, through this close reading, the text is scrutinised considering concepts of undecidability, identity, and alterity. Most assuredly, core to body of this Miller’s masterpiece is the Salem witch trials. Firstly, it is demonstrated how this play’s account of witch trials could be considered an event, in Derridean terms, and how the concept of iterability would function within the text. This will result in re-echoing of the same event through many epochs in a variety of voices. Secondly, this paper scrutinises the text to identify how human constructed institutions avoid what Derrida calls play of structure by assuming centres and logos in themselves and presuming whatever tries to question them as the other. This is depicted by Miller through juxtaposing religion and magic and showing how they react towards each other throughout the play. Inevitably, the discussion of identity and alterity (a term under the influence of Derrida) is to follow next to show how identity (as the culture that shapes it) is different from itself and, ergo, has no pure origin of its own. Lastly, this study examines the practice of law specifically in the court scene of the play to show how justice and law are perceived and to conclude that the role of undecidability is crucial to the process of decision taking in the court if any degree of justice should very like to be possible

INFLUENCE OF MUSIC TYPE LISTENING ON ANAEROBIC PERFORMANCE AND SALIVARY CORTISOL IN MALES ATHLETES

Music has been widely recommended as a technique to enhance the psychophysical state of participants in sport and exercise. However, there is scant scientific evidence to clarify its proposed benefits. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the effect of fast and slow rhythm of music on anaerobic performance and salivary cortisol concentration in trained men. Thirty male physical education college students (ages: 25.66±3.89 yr, height: 176.65 ± 7.66 cm, body mass: 78.45±16.20 kg) voluntary participated in this study and divided to three groups: fast music, slow music, and no music(control). All subjects performed the coninghum test following a 20% grate and 14.3km/h speed on the treadmill. For measuring of cortisol, not stimulated samples of saliva collected, 15 minutes befor and immediately 5 and 30 minute after the exercise. No significant differences were found in anaerobic performance among the three groups in pretest indicating homogeneity of the groups. However, salivary cortisol no significant in anaerobic performance 5 and 30 minute after exercise as well. Summarily, Music doed not have a positive effect on performance, this study provided some support for the hypothesis that listening fast and slow music not significantly impacted during supramaximal exercise

Characteristics of free and submerged hydraulic jumps over different macroroughnesses

AbstractThe present study deals with numerical simulations of the free and submerged hydraulic jumps over different shapes of roughness in various roughness arrangements and different Froude number conditions. The models were studied using three roughness shapes, i.e. triangular, square and semi-oval for 0.2 < T/I < 0.5, where T and I are height and distance of roughness, respectively. The results showed that the numerical model is fairly well able to simulate the free and submerged jump characteristics. The effect of roughness plays a role in the reduction of the relative maximum velocity which is greater in the submerged jump. The thickness of the boundary layer for both free and submerged jumps decreases with increasing the distance between the roughnesses. Triangular macroroughness has a significant effect on the length of the jump and shortest length with respect to the other shapes. The reduction in the submerged depth ratio and tailwater depth ratio depends mainly on the space of the roughnesses. The highest shear stress and energy loss in both jumps occur in a triangular macroroughness (TR) with T/I = 0.50 compared to other ratios and modes. The numerical results were compared with previous studies and relationships with good correlation coefficients were presented for the mentioned parameters

Micropropagation of Grape Cultivars (Vitis vinifera L.) on Different Basal Media Supplemented with Benzyl Adenine

In vitro propagation is a commercial technique that is used for plant propagation around the world. Therefore, the development of in vitro techniques is a sure way for rapid propagation of many plant species. In this study, effect of Woody Plant Medium (WPM) and Murashighe and Skoog (MS) media supplemented with 0.0, 2.2, 4.4, 6.6 and 8.8 μM benzyladenine (BA) on regeneration of three grape cultivars (\u27Bidaneh Sefi d’, ‘Farkhi’ and ‘Khoshnav’) were investigated. In proliferation stage, length of shoots, number of shoots, number of leaves and the final status of explants were evaluated. In rooting stage, effect of indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) in three concentrations (0.0, 0.5 and 1.0 μM) on root initiation, number of rooted explants, root length and number of roots were evaluated. The results showed that the longest shoots were obtained in MS medium supplemented with 2.2 μM BA in the three cultivars, while most adequate shoots were observed in MS medium containing 4.4 μM BA in all studied cultivars. In rooting stage, the best results were obtained by 0.5 μM IBA. The results of this study showed that grape regeneration potential in vitro conditions depend to cultivar, culture medium and concentration of growth regulators

Investigation of the effective parameters on welding residual stress in GTAW of aluminum cylindrical shell

77-86The present work aims to study the influence of different geometrical, technological, and material parameters on residual stress in tungsten inert gas butt-welded aluminum cylinder. In order to present a simple analytical model to estimate the welding residual stress, the Taguchi L18 array has been employed with one 6-level factor and four 3-level factors. A 3D coupled thermo-mechanical finite element model considering temperature-dependent material properties has been developed to determine the welding residual stress in all experiments. The numerical model has been validated using the hole-drilling method. Using statistical analysis, the order of factors based on their effect on residual stress has been determined as yield strength, length, thickness, heat input, and finally diameter. The residual stress increases with an increase in yield strength, diameter, and heat input, while decreases with an increase in thickness. Contribution of each parameter on residual stress has been specified using variance analysis; yield strength with 99.6% contribution is the most significant factor, while diameter has insignificant impact. Finally, high accuracy equations have been proposed to calculate the welding residual stress