The relative importance of individual, job-related and organisational characteristics in explaining differences in earnings.

Abstract: This paper focuses on a number of key research questions: (1) What is the relative importance of individual, job-related and organizational characteristics in explaining differences in earnings? (2) Do job characteristics such as hierarchical level and functional domain exercise a significant influence on pay differentials if we control for the traditional human capital factors? (3) Do organizational characteristics such as size and the sector in which the company is active exercise a significant influence on pay differentials if we control for the traditional human capital factors and job-related pay determinants? In order to assess the relative importance of these pay determinants, use is made of linear regression and analysis of variance. The analysis draws on data from the Salary Survey, which generated pay details for a total of more than 15,000 Belgian white-collar workers. Based on the analysis, we come to the conclusion that the five main determinants, in order of importance, are number of years' work experience; level of education; hierarchical level; sector of employment; and the nationality of the parent company. A further striking feature is that more than 50% of the total explained variance can be attributed to the three features which receive a great deal of attention in traditional human capital approaches to pay differentials: level of education, work experience and gender.Implications; Characteristics;

Editorial: Violence can be prevented

No Abstrac

Gender-based violence and the need for evidence-based primary prevention in South Africa

Gender-based violence is a significant problem globally and in South Africa. The public and political discourse has been dominated by calls for increased penalties and convictions for perpetrators of various types of gender-based violence. However, these responses are unlikely to prevent such violence from occurring in the first place. Primary prevention strategies should address the underlying causes and drivers of gender-based violence in order to prevent violence and promote safer, respectful, happy relations between men and women. Through rigorous research, these factors have been identified and specific strategies based on these findings include: (a) building gender equality and challenging hegemonic masculinities; (b) challenging the widespread acceptance of violence; (c) improving conflict resolution and communication skills; (d) developing relationship-building skills; (e) reducing substance abuse; and (f) improved gun control. Each of these strategies and the evidence-base for the recommendations is discussed. Interventions that combine these strategies and are informed by research evidence during development are most likely to be effective in preventing gender-based violence on a large scale.Keywords: gender equality, masculinities, primary prevention, gender-based violence, South Afric

Visual Gaze Estimation by Joint Head and Eye Information

International audienc