63 research outputs found
Potential for La Crosse virus segment reassortment in nature
The evolutionary success of La Crosse virus (LACV, family Bunyaviridae) is due to its ability to adapt to changing conditions through intramolecular genetic changes and segment reassortment. Vertical transmission of LACV in mosquitoes increases the potential for segment reassortment. Studies were conducted to determine if segment reassortment was occurring in naturally infected Aedes triseriatus from Wisconsin and Minnesota in 2000, 2004, 2006 and 2007. Mosquito eggs were collected from various sites in Wisconsin and Minnesota. They were reared in the laboratory and adults were tested for LACV antigen by immunofluorescence assay. RNA was isolated from the abdomen of infected mosquitoes and portions of the small (S), medium (M) and large (L) viral genome segments were amplified by RT-PCR and sequenced. Overall, the viral sequences from 40 infected mosquitoes and 5 virus isolates were analyzed. Phylogenetic and linkage disequilibrium analyses revealed that approximately 25% of infected mosquitoes and viruses contained reassorted genome segments, suggesting that LACV segment reassortment is frequent in nature
Analytical approximations for the critical stock prices of American options: a performance comparison
Update on hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and a guide to the guidelines
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is the most common inherited cardiovascular disorder, affecting 1 in 500 individuals worldwide. Existing epidemiological studies might have underestimated the prevalence of HCM, however, owing to limited inclusion of individuals with early, incomplete phenotypic expression. Clinical manifestations of HCM include diastolic dysfunction, left ventricular outflow tract obstruction, ischaemia, atrial fibrillation, abnormal vascular responses and, in 5% of patients, progression to a 'burnt-out' phase characterized by systolic impairment. Disease-related mortality is most often attributable to sudden cardiac death, heart failure, and embolic stroke. The majority of individuals with HCM, however, have normal or near-normal life expectancy, owing in part to contemporary management strategies including family screening, risk stratification, thromboembolic prophylaxis, and implantation of cardioverter-defibrillators. The clinical guidelines for HCM issued by the ACC Foundation/AHA and the ESC facilitate evaluation and management of the disease. In this Review, we aim to assist clinicians in navigating the guidelines by highlighting important updates, current gaps in knowledge, differences in the recommendations, and challenges in implementing them, including aids and pitfalls in clinical and pathological evaluation. We also discuss the advances in genetics, imaging, and molecular research that will underpin future developments in diagnosis and therapy for HCM
Determinants of prices for purebred beef bulls
Animal characteristics and sale price data
for 1651 bulls sold at 26 Kansas purebred beef
sales during 1993 were collected and analyzed
to determine which factors affected price
differentials for beef bulls. Bull sale price
varied, from 20,000 per head.
Regression analysis was used to determine the
price differential associated with bull traits and
marketing factors. Black bulls in the
Simmental, Gelbvieh, and Limousin breeds
brought premium s of 15% to 53% compared to
their nonblack peers. Conformation,
disposition , and muscling affected sell prices.
Bulls with lower birth weights and birth weight
expected progeny differences (EPD) brought
higher prices. Bulls with higher adjusted
weaning weights, weaning weight EPD, and
milk EPD also brought higher prices, although
these varied depending upon bull breed.
Several marketing factors, including sale order,
semen retention, and pictures in the sale
catalogs, influenced bull prices. Bull buyers can
use this information to make more informed
bull buying decisions, and purebred producers
can use results to target production
and marketing
ULTRASOUND-GUIDED HYDRODISSECTION DECREASES GLIDING RESISTANCE OF THE MEDIAN NERVE WITHIN THE CARPAL TUNNEL
DETERMINANTS OF PUREBRED BEEF BULL PRICE DIFFERENTIALS
Bulls are an important investment for commercial beef cattle producers since, over time, bulls introduce most of the new genetic attributes into typical beef cow herds. Therefore, heritable bull traits determine bull prices. Bulls possess a large number of traits to consider in pricing. In recent years, new measures of both qualities have been introduced in the form of expected progeny differences (EPDs). This study estimates market values associated with specific bull attributes, recently introduced EPDs, and bull sale marketing efforts. Important bull price determinants include bull color, polled, conformation, muscling, disposition, age, birth weight, weaning weight, milk EPD, birth and weaning weight EPDs, sale location, order bull was sold, whether the bull had a picture in the sale catalog, and whether a percentage of semen rights were retained by the seller
DETERMINANTS OF PUREBRED BEEF BULL PRICE DIFFERENTIALS
Bulls are an important investment for commercial beef cattle producers since, over time, bulls introduce most of the new genetic attributes into typical beef cow herds. Therefore, heritable bull traits determine bull prices. Bulls possess a large number of traits to consider in pricing. In recent years, new measures of both qualities have been introduced in the form of expected progeny differences (EPDs). This study estimates market values associated with specific bull attributes, recently introduced EPDs, and bull sale marketing efforts. Important bull price determinants include bull color, polled, conformation, muscling, disposition, age, birth weight, weaning weight, milk EPD, birth and weaning weight EPDs, sale location, order bull was sold, whether the bull had a picture in the sale catalog, and whether a percentage of semen rights were retained by the seller.Demand and Price Analysis,
Design, synthesis and activities of 4/5-acyl-2-aminoimidazolyl analogues of oroidin for biofilm inhibition
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