Comparative Evaluation of Custom-Made Components and Standard Implants for Acetabular Reconstruction in Revision Total Hip Arthroplasty

Background.The use of custom-made acetabular components is one of the promising methods for reconstruction of the acetabulum in cases of significant defects, including those associated with pelvic bone dissociation. It allows achieving stable fixation and restoring the biomechanics of the hip joint. Aimofthestudy to compare the results of using individually designed components, supportive antiprotrusion rings, augments, and hemispherical components in revision total hip arthroplasty for type IIIB bone defects according to Paprosky classification. Methods.The study analyzed the treatment outcomes of 90 patients with type IIIB bone defects who underwent revision total hip arthroplasty between 2017 and 2022. Patients were divided into three groups: the first group received individually designed acetabular components, the second group received augments with hemispheres, and the third group had antiprotrusion cages implanted. The analysis included the reasons for revision surgery, operation duration, blood loss volume, and type of revision procedure. Pain and functional outcomes were assessed with WOMAC, Harris Hip Score, and VAS scales. Results.3D-printed constructs were more frequently implanted in patients with pelvic bone dissociation. The first group showed a significantly positive dynamic in functional outcomes. Complications were diagnosed in 27 (30%) cases: joint instability (dislocation) in 10 (11.1%) patients, periprosthetic infection in 8 (8.8%), aseptic loosening in 4 (4.4%), and sciatic nerve neuropathy in 5 (5.5%) patients. The number of these complications was higher in the second and third groups of patients. Conclusion.Custom-made implants using 3D technologies are a preferable option for revision total hip arthroplasty in patients with type IIIB defects according to Paprosky classification, especially in cases of pelvic bone dissociation

Development and Function of Invariant Natural Killer T Cells Producing TH2- and TH17-Cytokines

Four distinct subsets of invariant natural killer T (NKT) cells are shown to differentiate in the thymus, then migrate to peripheral tissues where they retain their phenotypic and functional characteristics

Cross-national variations in reported discrimination among people treated for major depression worldwide: The ASPEN/INDIGO international study

Background: No study has so far explored differences in discrimination reported by people with major depressive disorder (MDD) across countries and cultures. Aims: To (a) compare reported discrimination across different countries, and (b) explore the relative weight of individual and contextual factors in explaining levels of reported discrimination in people with MDD. Method: Cross-sectional multisite international survey (34 countries worldwide) of 1082 people with MDD. Experienced and anticipated discrimination were assessed by the Discrimination and Stigma Scale (DISC). Countries were classified according to their rating on the Human Development Index (HDI). Multilevel negative binomial and Poisson models were used. Results: People living in 'very high HDI' countries reported higher discrimination than those in 'medium/low HDI' countries. Variation in reported discrimination across countries was only partially explained by individual-level variables. The contribution of country-level variables was significant for anticipated discrimination only. Conclusions: Contextual factors play an important role in anticipated discrimination. Country-specific interventions should be implemented to prevent discrimination towards people with MDD

Research Priorities to Support Effective Manta and Devil Ray Conservation

Manta and devil rays are filter-feeding elasmobranchs that are found circumglobally in tropical and subtropical waters. Although relatively understudied for most of the Twentieth century, public awareness and scientific research on these species has increased dramatically in recent years. Much of this attention has been in response to targeted fisheries, international trade in mobulid products, and a growing concern over the fate of exploited populations. Despite progress in mobulid research, major knowledge gaps still exist, hindering the development of effective management and conservation strategies. We assembled 30 leaders and emerging experts in the fields of mobulid biology, ecology, and conservation to identify pressing knowledge gaps that must be filled to facilitate improved science-based management of these vulnerable species. We highlight focal research topics in the subject areas of taxonomy and diversity, life history, reproduction and nursery areas, population trends, bycatch and fisheries, spatial dynamics and movements, foraging and diving, pollution and contaminants, and sub-lethal impacts. Mobulid rays remain a poorly studied group, and therefore our list of important knowledge gaps is extensive. However, we hope that this identification of high priority knowledge gaps will stimulate and focus future mobulid research

The Role of the Social Capital in the Formation of Managerial Activity in the Work Behavior of Employees (Based on the Results of the Sociological Study in the Organizations of the Industrial Sector of the Perm Territory)

Концепция социального капитала в современных научных дискуссиях представлена в большинстве случаев теоретическими подходами к определению, механизмам его формирования, выбору приемов операционализации понятия «социальный капитал». Предметная сторона социального капитала сфокусирована, как правило, при обследовании религиозных, этнических общин, территорий, домохозяйств и семей. Применение понятия «социальный капитал» к промышленному производству не столь частый пример в российских исследованиях, в то время как современная литература уделяет внимание измерению и оценке социального капитала в промышленном секторе, а также его влиянию на экономическую успешность предприятия. Данная статья рассматривает социальный капитал в контексте формирования управленческой активности работников. Исследование, проведенное в качественной традиции на предприятиях промышленного сектора Пермского края, дополняет сведения формализованного опроса о формах социального капитала, характеристиках сетей информацией о содержательной стороне социального капитала («По поводу чего работники взаимодействуют в разных видах сетей? Какие ресурсы подлежат обмену и накоплению?»). Глубинное интервьюирование позволило выявить такие значимые ресурсные составляющие социального капитала в организациях промышленного производства, как состояние и уровни управленческой активности работников. В результате исследования приведена классификация сетевого общения персонала организаций, позволяющая раскрыть взаимодействие участников трудового процесса при обмене разными типами ресурсов. Формирование управленческой активности участников трудового процесса происходит через производственное взаимодействие на двух уровнях: нормативном и субъектном. На обоих уровнях осуществляется накопление ресурсов, выражающееся в обладании правами, позволяющими работникам проявлять участие в управлении производством. Различие нормативного и субъектного уровней заключается в демонстрации «пассивной активности» в первом случае и обнаружении (выказывании) потребности и мотивационной активности работников, исходя из идентификации себя с организацией через восприятие целей, норм и ценностей организации, – во втором. Для повышения субъектности работников на исследуемых предприятиях внедряются партисипационные практики, которые непосредственно влияют не только на экономические показатели предприятия, но и формируют работника «нового» типа. Социальный капитал организаций промышленного сектора становится значимой составляющей производственной политики предприятий.The concept of the social capital in modern scientific discussions is presented in most cases by theoretical approaches to the definition, the mechanisms of its formation, and the choice of methods for operationalizing the «social capital» notion. As a rule, the subject matter of the social capital is focused in surveys of religious, ethnic communities, territories, households, and families. The application of the concept of the «social capital» to industrial production is not so common in Russian studies, while modern literature pays attention to the measurement and evaluation of the social capital in the industrial sector, as well as to its impact on the economic success of the enterprise. The novelty of this article is to consider the social capital in the context of the formation of managerial activity of workers. This study, conducted in a qualitative tradition at enterprises in the industrial sector of the Perm Territory, complements the data from the formalized survey on the forms of social capital and the characteristics of networks. This study provides information on the content side of the social capital: on what issues do employees interact in different types of networks? What resources are subject to exchange and accumulation? In-depth interviewing revealed such significant resource components of the social capital in industrial enterprises as the state and levels of managerial activity of workers. As a result of this research, the classification of the network communication of the organizations’ personnel has been developed, which allows revealing the interaction of participants in the labor process when exchanging different types of resources. Formation of the managerial activity of participants in the labor process occurs through interaction at two levels: normative and subjective/agency level. At both levels, the accumulation of resources takes place, which is expressed in the possession of rights that allow workers to be involved in production management. The difference between the normative and he subjective/agency levels is the demonstration of so-called «passive activity» in the first case and the detection (demonstration) of the need and motivational activity of employees based on identifying themselves with the organization through the perception of the goals, norms and values of the organization, in the second place. To increase the subjectivity of employees, participative practices are being introduced at the enterprises under the study. Such practices directly affect not only the economic indicators of the enterprise but also form an employee of a ‘new type’. The social capital of organizations of the industrial sector is becoming an important component of the industrial policy of enterprises