2,016 research outputs found
Self and role perception of social work students during training
Thesis (M.S.)--Boston Universit
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Obesity management for cardiovascular disease prevention
Background: Obesity is a complex disease that leads to higher morbidity and mortality and its rate in the United States is rapidly rising. Targeting obesity management is one of the cornerstones of preventive medicine. Early intervention can significantly reduce the risk of developing cardiovascular disease. While it is well known that lifestyle interventions such as healthful nutrition and routine physical activity are the first and most important step in management, some do not achieve the desired results and require further therapies. Methods: A literature review was conducted, that included clinical documents, public scientific citations and peer review articles to evaluate anti-obesity medications, endoscopic procedures and bariatric surgeries in the management of obesity. We also included effects of these interventions on weight loss, cardiovascular disease risk reduction and side effects. Results: This clinical review summarizes recent evidence for the different approaches in obesity management including medications, common endoscopic procedures and bariatric surgeries. For more detailed review on the different management options discussed, we recommend reviewing Obesity Medicine Association Clinical Practice Statement [1]. Conclusion: Management of obesity reduces cardiovascular risk, improves metabolic parameters and other important health outcomes. Different management approaches are available, hence, a high level of awareness of the growing epidemic of obesity is needed to ensure timely referrals to obesity medicine specialists.</p
Tagetes patula y t erecta para controlar meloidogyne incognita y hellcotylenchus dihystera
An experiment was carried out under greenhouse conditions to test the control of Meloidogyne incognita and Helicotylenchus dihystera by Tagetes patula nana var. Petit Harmony and T. erecta var. Orange. For each of these nematode species, the population levels tested were considered as high, moderate and low. These populations were obtained mixing infested soil with sterilized one. Both Tagetes species gave satisfactory control. The decrease in population of nematodes in comparison with tomato was ranged from 15.5 to 136.3% depencing on the nematode species and on its population level on the soil No significate difference was found between the two Tagetes species. There was a greater decrease in population density for M. incognita than for H. dihystera; this was particulary true at the lowest population levels tested. In the case of M. incognita, an inverse relation was found between degree of control and population density of these nematodes in soil
Assessing Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease Risk with Advanced Lipid Testing: State of the Science
Cardiovascular disease is the number one cause of death and disability worldwide. While substantial gains have been made in reducing cardiovascular mortality, future projections suggest that we have reached a nadir and may be at an inflection point, given the rising tide of obesity and diabetes. Evaluation and management of plasma lipids is central to the prevention of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Although the standard lipid panel represents a well-established platform to assess risk, this test alone can be insufficient and/or misleading. Advances in our understanding of atherosclerosis have led to the development of lipid-based biomarkers that help to discriminate the risk of cardiovascular disease when it is unclear. While these biomarkers provide novel information, their implementation into clinical medicine remains difficult given discrepancies in the literature, lack of assay standardisation, poor accessibility and high cost. However, additional measures of atherogenic lipoproteins or their surrogates may offer insight beyond the standard lipid panel, providing a more precise assessment of risk and more accurate assessment of lipid-lowering therapy
The Importance of Healthy Lifestyle Behaviors in the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death globally. Advancements in the treatment of CVD have reduced mortality rates, yet the global burden of CVD remains high. Considering that CVD is still largely a preventable disease, prioritizing preventative measures through healthy lifestyle (HL) behaviors is necessary to lessen the burden of CVD. HL behaviors, such as regular exercise, healthy eating habits, adequate sleep, and smoking cessation, can influence a number of traditional CVD risk factors as well as a less commonly measured risk factor, cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF). It is important to note that cardiac rehabilitation programs, which traditionally have focused on secondary prevention, also emphasize the importance of making comprehensive HL behavior changes. This review discusses preventative measures to reduce the burden of CVD through an increased uptake and assessment of HL behaviors. An overview of the importance of CRF as a risk factor is discussed along with how to improve CRF and other risk factors through HL behavior interventions. The role of the clinician for promoting HL behaviors to prevent CVD is also reviewed
Nature of the Active Sites on Ni/CeO2Catalysts for Methane Conversions
Effective catalysts for the direct conversion of methane to methanol and for methane's dry reforming to syngas are Holy Grails of catalysis research toward clean energy technologies. It has recently been discovered that Ni at low loadings on CeO2(111) is very active for both of these reactions. Revealing the nature of the active sites in such systems is paramount to a rational design of improved catalysts. Here, we correlate experimental measurements on the CeO2(111) surface to show that the most active sites are cationic Ni atoms in clusters at step edges, with a small size wherein they have the highest Ni chemical potential. We clarify the reasons for this observation using density functional theory calculations. Focusing on the activation barrier for C-H bond cleavage during the dissociative adsorption of CH4 as an example, we show that the size and morphology of the supported Ni nanoparticles together with strong Ni-support bonding and charge transfer at the step edge are key to the high catalytic activity. We anticipate that this knowledge will inspire the development of more efficient catalysts for these reactions.Fil: Lustemberg, Pablo German. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Rosario. Instituto de Física de Rosario. Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Instituto de Física de Rosario; ArgentinaFil: Mao, Zhongtian. University of Washington; Estados UnidosFil: Salcedo, Agustín. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Tecnologías del Hidrogeno y Energias Sostenibles. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ingeniería. Instituto de Tecnologías del Hidrogeno y Energias Sostenibles; ArgentinaFil: Irigoyen, Beatriz del Luján. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Tecnologías del Hidrogeno y Energias Sostenibles. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ingeniería. Instituto de Tecnologías del Hidrogeno y Energias Sostenibles; ArgentinaFil: Ganduglia Pirovano, M. Verónica. Universidad de Buenos Aires; ArgentinaFil: Campbell, Charles T.. University of Washington; Estados Unido
Sensitivity Projections for Dark Matter Searches with the Fermi Large Area Telescope
The nature of dark matter is a longstanding enigma of physics; it may consist
of particles beyond the Standard Model that are still elusive to experiments.
Among indirect search techniques, which look for stable products from the
annihilation or decay of dark matter particles, or from axions coupling to
high-energy photons, observations of the -ray sky have come to
prominence over the last few years, because of the excellent sensitivity of the
Large Area Telescope (LAT) on the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope mission. The
LAT energy range from 20 MeV to above 300 GeV is particularly well suited for
searching for products of the interactions of dark matter particles. In this
report we describe methods used to search for evidence of dark matter with the
LAT, and review the status of searches performed with up to six years of LAT
data. We also discuss the factors that determine the sensitivities of these
searches, including the magnitudes of the signals and the relevant backgrounds,
considering both statistical and systematic uncertainties. We project the
expected sensitivities of each search method for 10 and 15 years of LAT data
taking. In particular, we find that the sensitivity of searches targeting dwarf
galaxies, which provide the best limits currently, will improve faster than the
square root of observing time. Current LAT limits for dwarf galaxies using six
years of data reach the thermal relic level for masses up to 120 GeV for the
annihilation channel for reasonable dark matter density profiles.
With projected discoveries of additional dwarfs, these limits could extend to
about 250 GeV. With as much as 15 years of LAT data these searches would be
sensitive to dark matter annihilations at the thermal relic cross section for
masses to greater than 400 GeV (200 GeV) in the ()
annihilation channels.Comment: Updated with a few additional and corrected references; otherwise,
text is identical to previous version. Submitted on behalf of the Fermi-LAT
collaboration. Accepted for publication in Physics Reports, 59 pages, 34
figures; corresponding author: Eric Charles ([email protected]
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