Paired accelerated arames: The perfect interferometer with everywhere smooth wave amplitudes

Rindler's acceleration-induced partitioning of spacetime leads to a nature-given interferometer. It accomodates quantum mechanical and wave mechanical processes in spacetime which in (Euclidean) optics correspond to wave processes in a ``Mach-Zehnder'' interferometer: amplitude splitting, reflection, and interference. These processes are described in terms of amplitudes which behave smoothly across the event horizons of all four Rindler sectors. In this context there arises quite naturally a complete set of orthonormal wave packet histories, one of whose key properties is their "explosivity index". In the limit of low index values the wave packets trace out fuzzy world lines. By contrast, in the asymptotic limit of high index values, there are no world lines, not even fuzzy ones. Instead, the wave packet histories are those of entities with non-trivial internal collapse and explosion dynamics. Their details are described by the wave processes in the above-mentioned Mach-Zehnder interferometer. Each one of them is a double slit interference process. These wave processes are applied to elucidate the amplification of waves in an accelerated inhomogeneous dielectric. Also discussed are the properties and relationships among the transition amplitudes of an accelerated finite-time detector.Comment: 38 pages, RevTex, 10 figures, 4 mathematical tutorials. Html version of the figures and of related papers available at http://www.math.ohio-state.edu/~gerlac

Coulomb field of an accelerated charge: physical and mathematical aspects

The Maxwell field equations relative to a uniformly accelerated frame, and the variational principle from which they are obtained, are formulated in terms of the technique of geometrical gauge invariant potentials. They refer to the transverse magnetic (TM) and the transeverse electric (TE) modes. This gauge invariant "2+2" decomposition is used to see how the Coulomb field of a charge, static in an accelerated frame, has properties that suggest features of electromagnetism which are different from those in an inertial frame. In particular, (1) an illustrative calculation shows that the Larmor radiation reaction equals the electrostatic attraction between the accelerated charge and the charge induced on the surface whose history is the event horizon, and (2) a spectral decomposition of the Coulomb potential in the accelerated frame suggests the possibility that the distortive effects of this charge on the Rindler vacuum are akin to those of a charge on a crystal lattice.Comment: 27 pages, PlainTex. Related papers available at http://www.math.ohio-state.edu/~gerlac

Self-consistent approach for the quantum confined Stark effect in shallow quantum wells

A computationally efficient, self-consistent complex scaling approach to calculating characteristics of excitons in an external electric field in quantum wells is introduced. The method allows one to extract the resonance position as well as the field-induced broadening for the exciton resonance. For the case of strong confinement the trial function is represented in factorized form. The corresponding coupled self-consistent equations, which include the effective complex potentials, are obtained. The method is applied to the shallow quantum well. It is shown that in this case the real part of the effective exciton potential is insensitive to changes of external electric field up to the ionization threshold, while the imaginary part has non-analytical field dependence and small for moderate electric fields. This allows one to express the exciton quasi-energy at some field through the renormalized expression for the zero-field bound state.Comment: 13 pages, RevTeX4, 6 figure

Ergebnisse der Befragungen auditierter Unternehmen und Institutionen:Kurzfassung und Ergänzung zum FFP-Arbeitspapier Nr. 3

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The Stern-Gerlach Experiment Revisited

The Stern-Gerlach-Experiment (SGE) of 1922 is a seminal benchmark experiment of quantum physics providing evidence for several fundamental properties of quantum systems. Based on today's knowledge we illustrate the different benchmark results of the SGE for the development of modern quantum physics and chemistry. The SGE provided the first direct experimental evidence for angular momentum quantization in the quantum world and thus also for the existence of directional quantization of all angular momenta in the process of measurement. It measured for the first time a ground state property of an atom, it produced for the first time a `spin-polarized' atomic beam, it almost revealed the electron spin. The SGE was the first fully successful molecular beam experiment with high momentum-resolution by beam measurements in vacuum. This technique provided a new kinematic microscope with which inner atomic or nuclear properties could be investigated. The original SGE is described together with early attempts by Einstein, Ehrenfest, Heisenberg, and others to understand directional quantization in the SGE. Heisenberg's and Einstein's proposals of an improved multi-stage SGE are presented. The first realization of these proposals by Stern, Phipps, Frisch and Segr\`e is described. The set-up suggested by Einstein can be considered an anticipation of a Rabi-apparatus. Recent theoretical work is mentioned in which the directional quantization process and possible interference effects of the two different spin states are investigated. In full agreement with the results of the new quantum theory directional quantization appears as a general and universal feature of quantum measurements. One experimental example for such directional quantization in scattering processes is shown. Last not least, the early history of the `almost' discovery of the electron spin in the SGE is revisited.Comment: 50pp, 17 fig

Calorimetric tunneling study of heat generation in metal-vacuum-metal tunnel junction

We have proposed novel calorimetric tunneling (CT) experiment allowing exact determination of heat generation (or heat sinking) in individual tunnel junction (TJ) electrodes which opens new possibilities in the field of design and development of experimental techniques for science and technology. Using such experiment we have studied the process of heat generation in normal-metal electrodes of the vacuum-barrier tunnel junction (VBTJ). The results show there exists dependence of the mutual redistribution of the heat on applied bias voltage and the direction of tunnel current, although the total heat generated in tunnel process is equal to Joule heat, as expected. Moreover, presented study indicates generated heat represents the energy of non-equilibrium quasiparticles coming from inelastic electron processes accompanying the process of elastic tunneling.Comment: 8 pages, 3 figures, LaTe

Betriebliche Familienpolitik in auditierten Unternehmen und Institutionen

Betriebliche Familienpolitik ist ein junges Forschungsfeld, dessen wissenschaftliche Untersuchung sich aus einer politikwissenschaftlich orientierten und aus einer wirtschaftswissenschaftlich orientierten Perspektive heraus anbietet. Erstgenannte Perspektive ist primär deskriptiver Art und strukturiert den Untersuchungsgegenstand anhand dreier Dimensionen: Polity blickt auf die Rahmenbedingungen betrieblicher Familienpolitik, politics auf das Handeln betrieblicher Akteure; policy ist schließlich auf Inhalte und Ziele betrieblicher Familienpolitik gerichtet. Die wirtschaftswissenschaftlich orientierte Perspektive ist demgegenüber eher analytischer Art und fokussiert auf den betriebswirtschaftlichen Nutzen, der mit der Durchführung familienbewusster Personalpolitik einhergehen kann. Diesbezügliche empirische Studien wirtschaftswissenschaftlicher Ausrichtung liegen aufgrund einer komplexen Variablenstruktur in einem geringeren Ausmaß vor als deskriptive Untersuchungen politikwissenschaftlicher Strukturierung. Vorliegendes Arbeitspapier verbindet beide Untersuchungsperspektiven und betrachtet auf Grundlage zweier empirischer Untersuchungen von 75 erwerbswirtschaftlichen Unternehmen und 72 nicht-erwerbswirtschaftlichen Institutionen betriebliche Familienpolitik sowie betriebswirtschaftliche Erfolge familienbewusster Personalpolitik. Sowohl für Unternehmen als auch Institutionen kann gezeigt werden, dass Familienbewusstsein in sehr vielen Fällen mit positiven einzelwirtschaftlichen Effekten einhergeht. Komparative Analysen legen ferner dar, dass betriebliches Familienbewusstsein in Unternehmen eher zu Erfolg führt als in Institutionen. Die explorativ gewonnenen Erkenntnisse bilden die Ausgangsbasis für weitergehende empirische Untersuchungen der Erfolge und Effekte familienbewusster Personalpolitik. Durchzuführende methodische Vorarbeiten sind auf Konzeptionalisierung und Operationalisierung der Input- und Output-Seite familienbewusster Personalpolitik zu richten.Family policy pursued by enterprises can be scholary analysed by means of political science as well as economic science. Political science has a more descriptive view and structures the object of investigation via three dimensions: polity, focussing on the basic conditions of family policy pursued by enterprises, politics, concentrating on the acting of the managerial players; policy finally considers the contents and purposes of a family friendly management of human resources. Economic science has a more analytical view and examines the operational effects of family friendly human resources management. With regard to the view of political science there are less economic empirical than descriptive studies. This is because economic science has to deal with of a lot of very complex variables which are difficult to structure.The present paper combines the points of view of political science and economic science and considers family policy pursued by enterprises as well as operational effects of family friendly policies. 75 businesses and 72 non-profit companies have been examined. It can be shown that family friendliness leads in both, business and non-profit companies, to positive operational effects. A comparison of both types of enterprises shows that family friendliness is more effective in businesses than in non-profit companies.The conclusions from these explorations are starting points for the further analysis of family friendly human resources management. Within the next step, it will be necessary to conceptualize and operationalize the input and the output of family friendly policies

On the exciton binding energy in a quantum well

We consider a model describing the one-dimensional confinement of an exciton in a symmetrical, rectangular quantum-well structure and derive upper and lower bounds for the binding energy $E_b$ of the exciton. Based on these bounds, we study the dependence of $E_b$ on the width of the confining potential with a higher accuracy than previous reports. For an infinitely deep potential the binding energy varies as expected from $1 Ry$ at large widths to $4 Ry$ at small widths. For a finite potential, but without consideration of a mass mismatch or a dielectric mismatch, we substantiate earlier results that the binding energy approaches the value $1 Ry$ for both small and large widths, having a characteristic peak for some intermediate size of the slab. Taking the mismatch into account, this result will in general no longer be true. For the specific case of a $Ga_{1-x}Al_{x}As/GaAs/Ga_{1-x}Al_{x}As$ quantum-well structure, however, and in contrast to previous findings, the peak structure is shown to survive.Comment: 32 pages, ReVTeX, including 9 figure

Analyticity of The Ground State Energy For Massless Nelson Models

We show that the ground state energy of the translationally invariant Nelson model, describing a particle coupled to a relativistic field of massless bosons, is an analytic function of the coupling constant and the total momentum. We derive an explicit expression for the ground state energy which is used to determine the effective mass.Comment: 33 pages, 1 figure, added a section on the calculation of the effective mas