4,810 research outputs found
Electron and Photon Interactions in the Regime of Strong LPM Suppression
Most searches for ultra-high energy (UHE) astrophysical neutrinos look for
radio emission from the electromagnetic and hadronic showers produced in their
interactions. The radio frequency spectrum and angular distribution depend on
the shower development, so are sensitive to the interaction cross sections. At
energies above about 10^{16} eV (in ice), the Landau-Pomeranchuk-Migdal (LPM)
effect significantly reduces the cross sections for the two dominant
electromagnetic interactions: bremsstrahlung and pair production. At higher
energies, above about 10^{20} eV, the photonuclear cross section becomes larger
than that for pair production, and direct pair production and electronuclear
interactions become dominant over bremsstrahlung. The electron interaction
length reaches a maximum around 10^{21} eV, and then decreases slowly as the
electron energy increases further. In this regime, the growth in the photon
cross section and electron energy loss moderates the rise in nu_e shower
length, which rises from ~10 m at 10^{16} eV to ~50 m at 10^{19} eV and ~100 m
at 10^{20} eV, but only to ~1 km at 10^{24} eV. In contrast, without
photonuclear and electronuclear interactions, the shower length would be over
10 km at 10^{24} eV.Comment: 10 pages, 9 figures. Submitted to Physical Review
Microstructure and mechanical properties of bamboo in compression
Thesis (S.B.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Materials Science and Engineering, 2012.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.Includes bibliographical references (p. 34).Bamboo has received much interest recently as a construction material due to its strength, rapid growth, and abundance in developing nations such as China, India, and Brazil. The main obstacle to the widespread use of bamboo as a structural material is the lack of adequate information on the mechanical properties of bamboo. In this work, the microstructure and mechanical properties of Phyllostachis dulcis bamboo are studied to help produce a model for the mechanical properties of bamboo. Specifically, a linear relationship is established between the density of bamboo samples, which is known to vary radially, and their strength in compression. Nanoindentation of vascular bundles in various positions in bamboo samples revealed that the Young's modulus and hardness of the bundles vary in the radial direction but not around the circumference. The compressive strength of bamboo samples was found to vary from 40 to 95 MPa, while nanoindentation results show the Young's modulus of vascular bundles ranges from 15 to 18 GPa and the hardness ranges from 380 to 530 MPa.by Michael R. Gerhardt.S.B
Copyright Publication: An Empirical Study
The article presents information on copyright issues associated with publication of books. It includes information on the importance of copyright law for publication by analyzing a statistical data related to the issue of copyright publication. It includes information on recommendations on how to understand for presenting publication in the fair use and public domain contexts
South Dakota Mosquitoes and Their Control
This bulletin is intended for extension service personnel, local health agencies, and city or county personnel who may have occasion to use the information. It is not an entomological treatise and thus omits species synonymy and the usual collection data of more precise distributional studies. The use of coined or registered trade names of insecticides or equipment does not constitute an endorsement of these products by South Dakota State University or the author and criticism is not implied of products not mentioned
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