Lessons learned: rearing the crown-boring weevil, Ceutorhynchus scrobicollis (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), in containment for biological control of garlic mustard (Alliaria petiolata)

In this paper, we describe lessons learned and protocols developed after a decade of rearing Ceutorhynchus scrobicollis Nerenscheimer and Wagner in a Biosafety Level 2 containment facility. We have developed these protocols in anticipation of approval to release C. scrobicollis in North America for the biocontrol of garlic mustard. The rearing protocol tried to minimize the potential of attack by the adult parasitoid, Perilitus conseutor, which may be present in field collected C. scrobicollis from Europe to prevent inadvertent introduction of parasitoids into North America. All C. scrobicollis used for our quarantine rearing were field collected near Berlin, Germany. We have successfully reared C. scrobicollis on caged garlic mustard plants in a growth chamber by alternating temperatures and photoperiods to simulate those in its native range. In Germany, C. scrobicollis produces one generation per year and F1 adults emerge in late May. In containment, a new generation of adults emerged an average of 108 days after adults were placed on plants. We found the optimal time spent to collect F1 adults was four weeks after the appearance of the first F1 adult, with 95% of potential adults collected. Simulating a three-month summer aestivation period, followed by a week of fall, and three weeks of winter conditions resulted in optimum levels of oviposition in F1 females. Larvae first hatched 8- to-10 days after adults were placed on plants at 15/14 C day/night temperatures with a 9.5 hour photoperiod. We therefore recommend that C. scrobicollis adults are removed from garlic mustard rosettes after 8 days. This will maximize the period of female oviposition while minimizing the time when larvae are available for attack from P. conseutor

Inflammatory Airway Disease of Horses - Revised Consensus Statement

The purpose of this manuscript is to revise and update the previous consensus statement on inflammatory airway disease (IAD) in horses. Since 2007, a large number of scientific articles have been published on the topic and these new findings have led to a significant evolution of our understanding of IAD

Isomeric oxydiphthalic anhydride polyimides

Much of the polyimide research at Langley Research Center has focused on isomeric modification of the diamine component; polyimides having considerably improved processability and adhesion have resulted. The present structure-property study was designed to investigate how isomeric attachment of the three oxydiphthalic anhydride (ODPA) polyimides affects their properties. Each dianhydride, 3,4,3',4'-oxydiphthalic anhydride (4,4'-OPDA,I), 2,3,2',3'-oxydiphthalic anhydride (3,3'-ODPA,II), and 2,3,3',4'-oxydiphthalic anhydride (3,4'-OPDA,III), was reacted with p-phenylenediamine, 4,4'-oxydianiline, 3,3'-diaminodiphenylsulfone, 3,3'-diaminobenzophenone, and 4,4'-bis(3-aminophenoxy)benzophenone in DMAc. The inherent viscosities of the resulting poly(amic acids) were determined. Thermally imidized films were studied for their creasability and solubility, as well as by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and wide angle X-ray scattering (WAXS). A comparison of these properties will be made

Polyimides prepared from 3,5-diamino benzo trifluoride

High performance, thermooxidatively stable polyimides are prepared by reacting aromatic diamines with pendant trifluoromethyl groups and dianhydrides in an amide solvent to form a poly(amic acid), followed by cyclizing the poly(amic acid) to form the corresponding polyimide

A study of thermal transitions in a new semicrystalline thermoplastic polyimide

A polyimide derive from 4,4'-isophthaloyl diphthalic anhydride (IDPA) and 1,3-bis (4-aminophenoxy 4'-benzoyl) benzene (1,3-BABB) having semicrystalline behavior was prepared and characterized by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and wide angle X-ray scattering (WAXS). Thus a poly(amic acid) film cured in air for one hour each at 100 and 200 C displayed an endotherm at 286 C, followed by a crystallization exotherm at 317 C, and a second melting transition at 350 C. The 286 C melting point appeared to result from earlier solvent-induced crystallization. Films cast from DMAc, air dried, and soaked in methylene chloride could not be induced into semicrystallinity. The fully cured polyimide has a Tg of 216 C. Films heated to temperatures as high as 100 C for one hour in air were transparent and light yellow in color. Those films heated to or above 125 C were translucent. Polarized light microscopy revealed the presence of spherulites 608 micrometers in diameter in a sample cured to 275 C in air. Two film samples, one cured to 275 and the other to 325 C, were evaluated for tensile and ultimate strength, modulus, and percent elongation at 25 and 200 C. These values remained essentially constant at each test temperature

An investigation of the occurrence of sv40 antibodies in South Africa

We developed an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the detection of antibodies to simian virus 40 (SV40) in human serum. We then used the ELISA to test for anti-SV40 antibodies in healthy inviduals and patients suffering from cancer and renal diseases. The aim of the study was to determine the presence of antibodies against SV40 in sera of individuals who received the South African poliovirus vaccines from 1958 to the present. Detecting such antibodies could give an indication of whether any of the poliovirus vaccines used in South Africa were ever contaminated with the SV40 or not. A total of 5/164 samples were repeatedly positive for SV40 antibodies by the ELISA. Four of the samples were from the healthy population group and the remaining 1 (1/64) was from the patient group. An SV40 antibody-blocking assay and a Western blot were used as additional confirmation for the SV40 antibodies, whereas the Western blot assay developed a single common band on all 5 samples

Correlation between the Extraordinary Hall Effect and Resistivity

We study the contribution of different types of scattering sources to the extraordinary Hall effect. Scattering by magnetic nano-particles embedded in normal-metal matrix, insulating impurities in magnetic matrix, surface scattering and temperature dependent scattering are experimentally tested. Our new data, as well as previously published results on a variety of materials, are fairly interpreted by a simple modification of the skew scattering model

Microscopic Model versus Systematic Low-Energy Effective Field Theory for a Doped Quantum Ferromagnet

We consider a microscopic model for a doped quantum ferromagnet as a test case for the systematic low-energy effective field theory for magnons and holes, which is constructed in complete analogy to the case of quantum antiferromagnets. In contrast to antiferromagnets, for which the effective field theory approach can be tested only numerically, in the ferromagnetic case both the microscopic and the effective theory can be solved analytically. In this way the low-energy parameters of the effective theory are determined exactly by matching to the underlying microscopic model. The low-energy behavior at half-filling as well as in the single- and two-hole sectors is described exactly by the systematic low-energy effective field theory. In particular, for weakly bound two-hole states the effective field theory even works beyond perturbation theory. This lends strong support to the quantitative success of the systematic low-energy effective field theory method not only in the ferromagnetic but also in the physically most interesting antiferromagnetic case.Comment: 34 pages, 1 figur