3 research outputs found
Evaluating solubility, aggregation and sorption of nanosilver particles and silver ions in soils
Engineered nanoparticles (ENPs) are used in so many different products. ENPs are released
into different environmental compartments. Silver nanoparticle (AgNP) is one of the most
used ENPs. AgNPs may cause damage to the environment due to their toxicity and wide
exposure. In this thesis possible exposure ways of AgNPs to the environment was reported.
Also sorption-solubility and aggregation of AgNPs and AgNO3 based on the different
concentration of Ag and pH function in clayey and sandy soil was investigated.
Results showed that sorption of both silver nanoparticles and silver ions by the soils were
increased with increasing pH. Silver (nano/ion) sorption ratio in clayey treatment was slightly
higher than sandy one. It can be due to having higher CEC value and finer texture in clay in
comparison with sand. Partitioning between nanosilver and free silver ions was investigated
by help of ultrafiltration. It can be concluded that a significant fraction of the silver
nanoparticles were oxidized and transformed to free Ag+ during the oxic experimental
conditions.
The aggregation of AgNPs and silver ions was investigated based on the different
concentration of silver in a constant pH. Aggregation of silver nanoparticulate by help of
SEM and XRD were identified in 2.5 ppm concentration of AgNPs in sandy soil. No
aggregation was found at low concentration of silver nanoparticles. No silver aggregated spot
could be recognized at 6.7, 0.65 and 0.05 ppm concentration of silver in silver nitrate polluted
soil samples
Chromium(III) Complexation to Natural Organic Matter: Mechanisms and Modeling
Chromium is a common soil contaminant,
and it often exists as chromium(III).
However, limited information exists on the coordination chemistry
and stability of chromium(III) complexes with natural organic matter
(NOM). Here, the complexation of chromium(III) to mor layer material
and to Suwannee River Fulvic Acid (SRFA) was investigated using EXAFS
spectroscopy and batch experiments. The EXAFS results showed a predominance
of monomeric chromium(III)-NOM complexes at low pH (<5), in which
only Cr···C and Cr–O–C interactions were
observed in the second coordination shell. At pH > 5 there were
polynuclear
chromium(III)-NOM complexes with Cr···Cr interactions
at 2.98 Å and for SRFA also at 3.57 Å, indicating the presence
of dimers (soil) and tetramers (SRFA). The complexation of chromium(III)
to NOM was intermediate between that of iron(III) and aluminum(III).
Chromium(III) complexation was slow at pH < 4: three months or
longer were required to reach equilibrium. The results were used to
constrain chromium-NOM complexation in the Stockholm Humic Model (SHM):
a monomeric complex dominated at pH < 5, whereas a dimeric complex
dominated at higher pH. The optimized constant for the monomeric chromium(III)
complex was in between those of the iron(III) and aluminum(III) NOM
complexes. Our study suggests that chromium(III)-NOM complexes are
important for chromium speciation in many environments