Síntese e Caracterização de Biodiesel de Sebo Bovino e de sua Mistura B10

Biodiesel has become an alternative to mineral diesel; it already has been in 7% biodiesel to diesel. The intention of the Brazilian government to increase the biodiesel content in the mixture to 10% which will promote an increase in demand for raw materials for the production of biodiesel. Among them is the beef tallow which is presented as one of the cheapest raw materials among the available ones. Associated with this increase in production has been the need to improve the processes of synthesis and analyze their properties as oxidative stability (OS) in mixtures with mineral diesel. Based on this, this study aimed to analyze the physicochemical properties and oxidative stability tallow biodiesel B10 and its beef mixture. In the present work, beef tallow biodiesel was synthesized through methylic rout and was mixture to mineral diesel type B (10 wt %) without anything additives. Physic-chemical properties of biodiesel samples and that mixture were determinate, indicating that both samples are agreement with Brazilian Specifications, and the mixture has showed around 10% less sulfur than diesel. Furthermore, oxidative stability of beef tallow biodiesel is higher than at stipulated in norm. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17807/orbital.v7i1.68

Mortality from gastrointestinal congenital anomalies at 264 hospitals in 74 low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries: a multicentre, international, prospective cohort study

Summary Background Congenital anomalies are the fifth leading cause of mortality in children younger than 5 years globally. Many gastrointestinal congenital anomalies are fatal without timely access to neonatal surgical care, but few studies have been done on these conditions in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). We compared outcomes of the seven most common gastrointestinal congenital anomalies in low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries globally, and identified factors associated with mortality. Methods We did a multicentre, international prospective cohort study of patients younger than 16 years, presenting to hospital for the first time with oesophageal atresia, congenital diaphragmatic hernia, intestinal atresia, gastroschisis, exomphalos, anorectal malformation, and Hirschsprung’s disease. Recruitment was of consecutive patients for a minimum of 1 month between October, 2018, and April, 2019. We collected data on patient demographics, clinical status, interventions, and outcomes using the REDCap platform. Patients were followed up for 30 days after primary intervention, or 30 days after admission if they did not receive an intervention. The primary outcome was all-cause, in-hospital mortality for all conditions combined and each condition individually, stratified by country income status. We did a complete case analysis. Findings We included 3849 patients with 3975 study conditions (560 with oesophageal atresia, 448 with congenital diaphragmatic hernia, 681 with intestinal atresia, 453 with gastroschisis, 325 with exomphalos, 991 with anorectal malformation, and 517 with Hirschsprung’s disease) from 264 hospitals (89 in high-income countries, 166 in middleincome countries, and nine in low-income countries) in 74 countries. Of the 3849 patients, 2231 (58·0%) were male. Median gestational age at birth was 38 weeks (IQR 36–39) and median bodyweight at presentation was 2·8 kg (2·3–3·3). Mortality among all patients was 37 (39·8%) of 93 in low-income countries, 583 (20·4%) of 2860 in middle-income countries, and 50 (5·6%) of 896 in high-income countries (p<0·0001 between all country income groups). Gastroschisis had the greatest difference in mortality between country income strata (nine [90·0%] of ten in lowincome countries, 97 [31·9%] of 304 in middle-income countries, and two [1·4%] of 139 in high-income countries; p≤0·0001 between all country income groups). Factors significantly associated with higher mortality for all patients combined included country income status (low-income vs high-income countries, risk ratio 2·78 [95% CI 1·88–4·11], p<0·0001; middle-income vs high-income countries, 2·11 [1·59–2·79], p<0·0001), sepsis at presentation (1·20 [1·04–1·40], p=0·016), higher American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score at primary intervention (ASA 4–5 vs ASA 1–2, 1·82 [1·40–2·35], p<0·0001; ASA 3 vs ASA 1–2, 1·58, [1·30–1·92], p<0·0001]), surgical safety checklist not used (1·39 [1·02–1·90], p=0·035), and ventilation or parenteral nutrition unavailable when needed (ventilation 1·96, [1·41–2·71], p=0·0001; parenteral nutrition 1·35, [1·05–1·74], p=0·018). Administration of parenteral nutrition (0·61, [0·47–0·79], p=0·0002) and use of a peripherally inserted central catheter (0·65 [0·50–0·86], p=0·0024) or percutaneous central line (0·69 [0·48–1·00], p=0·049) were associated with lower mortality. Interpretation Unacceptable differences in mortality exist for gastrointestinal congenital anomalies between lowincome, middle-income, and high-income countries. Improving access to quality neonatal surgical care in LMICs will be vital to achieve Sustainable Development Goal 3.2 of ending preventable deaths in neonates and children younger than 5 years by 2030

O “sim” do ensino de química às histórias em quadrinhos: um recorte do estado da arte

As Histórias em Quadrinhos-HQs têm se mostrado uma estratégia interessante para o ensino Química. Partindo desse pressuposto, a pesquisa teve como objetivo efetuar um levantamento de revisão de literatura, do tipo estado da arte, sobre artigo, no ensino de Química-EQ, com enfoque nas HQs, nas bases de dados Scielo e Google Acadêmico, no recorte temporal de 2010 a 2018. Os artigos selecionados foram revisados manualmente e em seguida os dados foram tratados quantitativamente. A partir do levantamento, mostrou-se a necessidade de produção e publicação de artigos que tratem sobre a inserção de HQs ao EQ, apesar de ter encontrado um número significativo que aborda esta temática, de 36 artigos. Constatou-se uma demonstração de potencial significativo de HQs, na motivação e promoção à aprendizagem de conceitos químicos.&nbsp; Foi Observado que a maioria dos artigos analisados aborda sobre o ensino médio e ensino superior, e de uma maneira mais sutil, o ensino fundamental e formação de professores. Observou-se também que a maioria dos artigos analisados trabalha uma temática especifica na disciplina de Química, de forma contextualizada/cotidiana e lúdica. O levantamento realizado nos permitiu também conhecer melhor o gênero textual ao ser inserido nas diferentes áreas do conhecimento, especialmente a disciplina de Química

Effect of yttrium doping in barium zirconium titanate ceramics: A structural, impedance, modulus spectroscopy study

In the current article, we studied the effect of yttrium [Y3+] ions' substitution on the structure and electric behavior of barium zirconate titanate (BZT) ceramics with a general formula [Ba1-x Y 2x/3](Zr0.25Ti0.75)O3 (BYZT) with [x = 0, 0.025, 0.05] which were prepared by the solid-state reaction method. X-ray diffraction patterns indicate that these ceramics have a single phase with a perovskite-type cubic structure. Rietveld refinement data confirmed [BaO 12], [ZrO6], [TiO6], [YO6] clusters in the cubic lattice. The Y3+ ions' effects on the electric conductivity behavior of BZT ceramics as a function of temperature and frequency are described, which are based on impedance spectroscopy analyses. The complex impedance plots display a double semicircle which highlights the influences of grain and grain boundary on the ceramics. Impedance analyses showed that the resistance decreased with the increasing temperature and resulted in a negative temperature coefficient of the resistance property in all compositions. Modulus plots represent a non-Debye-type dielectric relaxation which is related to the grain and grain boundary as well as temperature-dependent electric relaxation phenomenon and an enhancement in the mobility barrier by Y3+ ions. Moreover, the electric conductivity increases with the replacement of Ba 2+ by Y3+ ions may be due to the rise in oxygen vacancies. © 2013 The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society and ASM International

Photoluminescence emissions of Ca1−xWO4:xEu3+: Bridging between experiment and DFT calculations

In this work, the impact of the doping process on the photoluminescence emission of CaWO4 as a function of the concentration of Eu3+ cation (0.01 mol%, 0.02 mol%, 0.04 mol%, 0.06 mol%, 0.08 mol%, and 0.10 mol%) is discussed in detail. Ca1−xWO4:xEu3+ samples were successfully synthesized by a simple co-precipitation method followed by microwave irradiation. The blue shift in the absorption edge confirmed the quantum confinement effect and the band gap energy cover the range from 3.91 to 4.18 eV, as the amount of Eu3+ cations increases. The experimental results are sustained by first-principles calculations, at the density functional theory level, to decipher the geometry and electronic properties, thereby enabling a more accurate and direct comparison between theory and experiment for the Ca1−xWO4:xEu3+ structure.Funding for open access charge: CRUE-Universitat Jaume