IAPSA 2 small-scale system specification

The details of a hardware implementation of a representative small scale flight critical system is described using Advanced Information Processing System (AIPS) building block components and simulated sensor/actuator interfaces. The system was used to study application performance and reliability issues during both normal and faulted operation

An example of requirements for Advanced Subsonic Civil Transport (ASCT) flight control system using structured techniques

The requirements are presented for an Advanced Subsonic Civil Transport (ASCT) flight control system generated using structured techniques. The requirements definition starts from initially performing a mission analysis to identify the high level control system requirements and functions necessary to satisfy the mission flight. The result of the study is an example set of control system requirements partially represented using a derivative of Yourdon's structured techniques. Also provided is a research focus for studying structured design methodologies and in particular design-for-validation philosophies

Open market operations during 1996.

During 1996, the Trading Desk at the Federal Reserve Bank of New York managed reserve conditions with the objective of maintaining the federal funds rate around the level desired by the Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC). As was the case last year, the need for permanent reserve additions was relatively modest as demand for currency grew moderately and reserve requirements declined because of the continued spread of sweep programs at commercial banks. The decrease in operating balances of depository institutions at Reserve Banks had an impact on bank reserve management strategies and the Desk's choice of operations. The Desk paid close attention to the daily pattern of reserve demands and, by tailoring its operations accordingly, maintained funds trading close to the FOMC's desired rate.Open market operations ; Monetary policy ; Federal Open Market Committee ; Federal funds market (United States)

Macroeconomic Policy and Elections in OECD Democracies

The purpose of this paper is to test for evidence of opportunistic "political business cycles" in a large sample of 18 OECD economies. Our results can be summarized as follows: 1) We find very little evidence of pre-electoral effects of economic outcomes, in particular, on GDP growth and unemployment; 2) We see some evidence of "political monetary cycles." that is, expansionary monetary policy in election years; 3) We also observe indications of "political budget cycles," or "loose" fiscal policy prior to elections; 4) Inflation exhibits a postelectoral jump, which could be explained by either the preelectoral "loose" monetary and fiscal policies and/or by an opportunistic timing of increases in publicly controlled prices, or indirect taxes.

Casting the first stone: Who can, and who can't condemn the terrorists?

Traducido por Carlos Lema Añón y Silvina Ribotta de la Universidad Carlos III de Madrid.El artículo plantea una reflexión ética sobre el terrorismo, especialmente sobre la cuestión de quién puede condenar el terrorismo en términos morales. Expone la discusión reflexionando sobre el conflicto israelí-palestino, aunque algunas de sus conclusiones son aplicables a otros conflictos en los que el terrorismo y las condenas del mismo son temas centrales. El autor sostiene que no hay incoherencia en pensar que el terrorismo es injustificable pero a la vez considerar repugnantes ciertas condenas del terrorismo. La razón es que existe una diferencia entre la expresión de una opinión moral y la expresión de una condena. De este modo, podría ser a la vez verdadero que el terrorismo ha de ser condenado y que algunas personas en particular no están en posición de hacerlo. Habría para Cohen dos formas de impugnar el derecho de alguien a condenar, que aquí se agrupan con las denominaciones de “¡Mira quién habla!” (o Tu quoque) y “Tú también estás implicado”

Origin of the Term Jazz

The book (193 pages, soft-covered) is intended as a scholarly study and therefore contains more detail than would appear in a book intended for a broad readership