Diferencias y similitudes entre trabajadores y voluntarios en términos de ajuste con el entorno, satisfacción laboral y satisfacción vital.

The aim of this study is to analyze the differences between workers and volunteers in terms of Person-environment fit, Job Satisfaction and Life Satisfaction. A total of 238 people, aged 17-90 years old, participated, of which 47.7% were volunteers and 52.3% workers. The instrument was delivered in an on-line or a paper-and-pencil format. The analysis shows that the scales have a high reliability and significant correlations between the variables. It is observed that volunteering explains to a greater extent the adjustment with the environment in comparison with being a worker or a worker who volunteers. Volunteers also characterize by slightly higher levels in Life Satisfaction than workers. The results confirm that at a higher level of adjustment with the environment, both volunteers and workers experience more wellbeing and satisfaction with the activity they perform. The dimensions of Personenvironment fit that help explain Job Satisfaction and Life Satisfaction are those of person-job, person-supervisor and person-organization fit.El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar las diferencias entre trabajadores y voluntarios en términos de Ajuste con el entorno, Satisfacción Laboral y Satisfacción Vital. Participaron 238 personas entre 17 y 90 años, de los que 47,7% eran voluntarios y 52,3% trabajadores. El instrumento se cumplimentó en formato online o en papel. Los análisis muestran alta fiabilidad en las escalas utilizadas y correlaciones significativas entre las variables. Se observa que ser voluntario explica en mayor medida el ajuste con el entorno en comparación con ser trabajador o trabajador-voluntario. Los voluntarios también se caracterizan por presentar niveles ligeramente más altos en Satisfacción Vital que los trabajadores. Los resultados confirman que a mayor nivel de ajuste con el entorno, tanto voluntarios como trabajadores, experimentan mayores niveles de bienestar y satisfacción con la actividad que realizan. Las dimensiones de Ajuste persona-entorno que contribuyen a explicar la Satisfacción Laboral y la Satisfacción Vital son el ajuste con el puesto, con el supervisor y con la organización

Phenolic compounds in edible plants

През последните години значително нараства интересът към изследването на химичния състав на ядливи растения, особено на съдържанието им на биологично активни съединения с лечебно-протективен потенциал. Такива растения традиционно се използват както в европейската, така и в азиатската култура за подобряване на аромата и вкуса, както и за обогатяване на хранителната стойност на ястията. Ядливите растения се консумират както в сурово състояние като салати, добавки, подправки, гарнитури, така и след термична обработка. Важна характеристика на ядивните растения е голямото разнообразие на естествени биологично активни вещества - включително флавоноиди и фенолни киселини, антоцианини и др., които се съдържат в листата или други техни части. Полифенолите са голяма група вторични растителни метаболити. Най-често срещаните фенолни съединения в растителната храна са фенолните киселини и флавоноидите. Известно е, че приемът на фенолни съединения влияе позитивно върху човешкото здраве. Тази група вещества се характеризира с доказани противовъзпалителни, противоалергични и противовирусни свойства, както и с потенциал за превенция на някои сърдечно-съдови заболявания, хипертония, диабет и др. Тези свойства се дължат на двойната роля на фенолните съединения - като антиоксиданти и като субстрати. В България има сравнително малко и ограничена информация за състава на полифенолни киселини и флавоноиди в ядливи растения. Разширяване обхвата на подобна информация би предоставило възможност за информиран избор храна от страна на консуматора, както и употребата им във фармацията (фитотерапия, лечебна козметика), включване в лечебни хранителни режими - като хранителни добавки и компоненти на функционални храни и др.In recent years, the scientific interest about chemical composition of edible plants, especially their content of biologically active compounds with health protection potential, has grown considerably. Such plants are traditionally used in both European and Asian cultures - to improve flavor and taste and to enrich the nutritional value of the dishes. Edible plants are consumed in both states - raw (e.g. in salads), additives (e.g. spices, seasoning), and after thermal treatment. An important characteristic of the edible plants is the wide variety of natural biologically active ingredients - including flavonoids and phenolic acids, anthocyanin, etc. contained in the leaves or other parts. Polyphenols are a large group of secondary plant metabolites. The most common phenolic compounds in plant food are phenolic acids and flavonoids. It is known that the phenolic compounds uptake affects human health positively. This substance group is characterized by proven anti-inflammatory, anti-allergic and antiviral properties, as well as potential for the certain cardiovascular diseases prevention, hypertension, diabetes and others. These properties are due to the phenolic compounds` dual role - as antioxidants and as substrates. In Bulgaria there is limited information on the polyphenolic acids` and flavonoids` composition of the edible plants. Expanding the range of such information would provide consumers with an informed choice for healthy life. This would give the opportunity for plant uses in pharmacy (phytotherapy, medicinal cosmetics), inclusion in balanced and healthy diet, as nutritional supplements and functional foods, etc

Proyecto de construcción de un cebadero de terneros en el municipio de Villalba de los Alcores (Valladolid)

El presente proyecto recoge una serie de documentos para la ejecución y la puesta en marcha de un cebadero de terneros situado en Villalba de los Alcores (Valladolid). El promotor es un agricultor que pretende complementar su actividad agrícola, convirtiéndola en agroganadera. Se proyecta la construcción de una explotación completamente nueva, en la que se van a aprovechar algunos de los cultivos de la actividad agrícola presente, para la alimentación de los terneros. Los objetivos principales del proyecto son realizar correctamente el cebo de los terneros para su posterior sacrificio y rentabilizar mejor la existente explotación agrícola del promotor, respetando el medio ambiente y el bienestar animal. Se realizan los estudios, cálculos y justificaciones necesarios, cumpliendo con las normativas correspondientes.Grado en Ingeniería Agrícola y del Medio Rura

Quantitative HPLC determination of methylxanthines in traditional Bulgarian herbal teas

Introduction: The aim of present study is to determine the content of three methylxanthines in dif­ferent types of tea and coffee available on the Bulgarian market. The most important naturally oc­curring methylxanthines are caffeine, theophylline and theobromine (purine alkaloids), which are found in varying amounts in tea, coffee and other plants. Caffeine is the most widely used drug. Its main pharmaceutical applications are as a cardiac and respiratory stimulant. Theobromine is mild diuretic, stimulates and relaxes the smooth muscles of the bronchi. Theophylline has anti-inflamma­tory effects, stimulates the central nervous system, acting mainly on the medullary respiratory cen­tre.Materials and methods: Sample preparation procedure includes boiling water extraction, filtration and purification. High-Pressure Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) analysis was performed on column Synergi 4u Hydro-RP (250 x 4.6 um) with a mobile phase of acetonitrile: water = 90:10. Three meth­ylxanthines were monitored by ultraviolet (UV) detection at 274 nm.Results: Three purine alkaloids were quantified in almost all samples. The research shows a highest concentration of caffeine at about 35.0 mg/150 ml, whereas theophylline and theobromine values are around 5.0 mg/150 ml each.Conclusion: The statistical data observed that people from all over the world drink more than 2 bil­lion cups of coffee every day. Coffee is the second most traded product in the world after oil. In Bul­garia it is more consumed than tea. Worldwide, tea is the drink of choice from many people - over 3 billion cups per day. The HPLC method is appropriate for separation and quantification of caffeine, theobromine and theophylline. According to the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) recom­mendation for caffeine daily intake (400 mg/day) three cups of analysed samples give the beneficial effects