71 research outputs found
Symmetric motifs in random geometric graphs
We study symmetric motifs in random geometric graphs. Symmetric motifs are
subsets of nodes which have the same adjacencies. These subgraphs are
particularly prevalent in random geometric graphs and appear in the Laplacian
and adjacency spectrum as sharp, distinct peaks, a feature often found in
real-world networks. We look at the probabilities of their appearance and
compare these across parameter space and dimension. We then use the Chen-Stein
method to derive the minimum separation distance in random geometric graphs
which we apply to study symmetric motifs in both the intensive and
thermodynamic limits. In the thermodynamic limit the probability that the
closest nodes are symmetric approaches one, whilst in the intensive limit this
probability depends upon the dimension.Comment: 11 page
Capturing correlations in chaotic diffusion by approximation methods
We investigate three different methods for systematically approximating the
diffusion coefficient of a deterministic random walk on the line which contains
dynamical correlations that change irregularly under parameter variation.
Capturing these correlations by incorporating higher order terms, all schemes
converge to the analytically exact result. Two of these methods are based on
expanding the Taylor-Green-Kubo formula for diffusion, whilst the third method
approximates Markov partitions and transition matrices by using the escape rate
theory of chaotic diffusion. We check the practicability of the different
methods by working them out analytically and numerically for a simple
one-dimensional map, study their convergence and critically discuss their
usefulness in identifying a possible fractal instability of parameter-dependent
diffusion, in case of dynamics where exact results for the diffusion
coefficient are not available.Comment: 11 pages, 5 figure
Dependence of chaotic diffusion on the size and position of holes
A particle driven by deterministic chaos and moving in a spatially extended
environment can exhibit normal diffusion, with its mean square displacement
growing proportional to the time. Here we consider the dependence of the
diffusion coefficient on the size and the position of areas of phase space
linking spatial regions (`holes') in a class of simple one-dimensional,
periodically lifted maps. The parameter dependent diffusion coefficient can be
obtained analytically via a Taylor-Green-Kubo formula in terms of a functional
recursion relation. We find that the diffusion coefficient varies
non-monotonically with the size of a hole and its position, which implies that
a diffusion coefficient can increase by making the hole smaller. We derive
analytic formulas for small holes in terms of periodic orbits covered by the
holes. The asymptotic regimes that we observe show deviations from the standard
stochastic random walk approximation. The escape rate of the corresponding open
system is also calculated. The resulting parameter dependencies are compared
with the ones for the diffusion coefficient and explained in terms of periodic
orbits.Comment: 12 pages, 5 figure
DSP.Ear: Leveraging co-processor support for continuous audio sensing on smartphones
The rapidly growing adoption of sensor-enabled smartphones has greatly fueled
the proliferation of applications that use phone sensors to monitor user
behavior. A central sensor among these is the microphone which enables, for
instance, the detection of valence in speech, or the identification of
speakers. Deploying multiple of these applications on a mobile device to
continuously monitor the audio environment allows for the acquisition of a
diverse range of sound-related contextual inferences. However, the cumulative
processing burden critically impacts the phone battery.
To address this problem, we propose DSP.Ear - an integrated sensing system
that takes advantage of the latest low-power DSP co-processor technology in
commodity mobile devices to enable the continuous and simultaneous operation of
multiple established algorithms that perform complex audio inferences. The
system extracts emotions from voice, estimates the number of people in a room,
identifies the speakers, and detects commonly found ambient sounds, while
critically incurring little overhead to the device battery. This is achieved
through a series of pipeline optimizations that allow the computation to remain
largely on the DSP. Through detailed evaluation of our prototype implementation
we show that, by exploiting a smartphone's co-processor, DSP.Ear achieves a 3
to 7 times increase in the battery lifetime compared to a solution that uses
only the phone's main processor. In addition, DSP.Ear is 2 to 3 times more
power efficient than a naive DSP solution without optimizations. We further
analyze a large-scale dataset from 1320 Android users to show that in about
80-90% of the daily usage instances DSP.Ear is able to sustain a full day of
operation (even in the presence of other smartphone workloads) with a single
battery charge.This work was supported by Microsoft Research through its PhD Scholarship Program.This is the author's accepted manuscript. The final version is available from ACM in the proceedings of the ACM Conference on Embedded Networked Sensor Systems: http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=2668349
Linear and fractal diffusion coefficients in a family of one dimensional chaotic maps
We analyse deterministic diffusion in a simple, one-dimensional setting
consisting of a family of four parameter dependent, chaotic maps defined over
the real line. When iterated under these maps, a probability density function
spreads out and one can define a diffusion coefficient. We look at how the
diffusion coefficient varies across the family of maps and under parameter
variation. Using a technique by which Taylor-Green-Kubo formulae are evaluated
in terms of generalised Takagi functions, we derive exact, fully analytical
expressions for the diffusion coefficients. Typically, for simple maps these
quantities are fractal functions of control parameters. However, our family of
four maps exhibits both fractal and linear behavior. We explain these different
structures by looking at the topology of the Markov partitions and the ergodic
properties of the maps.Comment: 21 pages, 19 figure
Counting geodesic paths in 1-D VANETs
In the IEEE 802.11p standard addressing vehicular communications, Basic
Safety Messages (BSMs) can be bundled together and relayed as to increase the
effective communication range of transmitting vehicles. This process forms a
vehicular ad hoc network (VANET) for the dissemination of safety information.
The number of "shortest multihop paths" (or geodesics) connecting two network
nodes is an important statistic which can be used to enhance throughput,
validate threat events, protect against collusion attacks, infer location
information, and also limit redundant broadcasts thus reducing interference. To
this end, we analytically calculate for the first time the mean and variance of
the number of geodesics in 1D VANETs.Comment: 11 pages, 5 figure
Inhibition of Aβ42 aggregation using peptides selected from combinatorial libraries
Increasing evidence suggests that the aggregation of the small peptide Aβ42 plays an important role in the development of Alzheimer’s disease. Inhibiting the initial aggregation of Aβ42 may be an effective treatment for preventing, or slowing, the onset of the disease. Using an in vivo screen based on the enzyme EGFP, we have searched through two combinatorially diverse peptide libraries to identify peptides capable of inhibiting Aβ42 aggregation. From this initial screen, three candidate peptides were selected and characterized. ThT studies indicated that the selected peptides were capable of inhibiting amyloid aggregation. Additional ThT studies showed that one of the selected peptides was capable of disaggregating preformed Aβ42 fibers
Effect of naloxone on the plasma levels of LH, FSH, prolactin and testosterone in Beetal bucks
Abstract Ten adult male Beetal goats were used for the study to elucidate the modulation of gonadotrophin, prolactin and testosterone secretion by endogenous opioid peptides. An indwelling catheter was placed in the jugular vein of each buck 20 h before the onset of the experiment. Bucks were divided randomly into two groups: Group I (n 5) received naloxone at a dose rate of 1 mg/kg body weight (BW) and Group II (n 5) received naloxone at a dose rate of 2 mg/kg BW intravenous. Blood samplings were done from 2 h before treatment until 2 h after treatment at 15 min intervals. Blood samples were quanti®ed for plasma LH, FSH and prolactin concentration using a heterologous double antibody radioimmunoassay (RIA) and testosterone concentration was quanti®ed by coat-a-count RIA kit. The mean plasma LH levels during pretreatment phase were 0.41 AE 0.03 ng/ml in Group I and 0.44 AE 0.02 ng/ml in Group II which signi®cantly (p < 0.05) increased to 0.91 AE 0.05 ng/ml in Group I and 1.53 AE 0.07 ng/ml in Group II. The mean plasma FSH levels did not show a difference in pre-and posttreatment animals in both groups. A signi®cant (p < 0.05) increase in plasma testosterone concentration was observed in both groups after naloxone treatment, whereas, a decrease (p < 0.05) was observed in plasma prolactin levels after naloxone treatment. Thus, it can be concluded that endogenous opioids do play an important role in modulating plasma LH, prolactin and testosterone concentrations in male goats.
Among friends:A qualitative exploration of the role of peers in young people's alcohol use using Bourdieu’s concepts of habitus, field and capital
Drinking is viewed by young people as a predominantly social activity which provides an opportunity for entertainment and bonding with friends. Using Bourdieu's concepts of habitus, field and capital, this article explores young people's attitudes and beliefs around alcohol use, influences on behaviour, and the role of peers, with a view to informing the development of preventive interventions. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 28 young people aged 18–20 in the south west of England. We describe how friends were integral in drinking experiences, and drinking with friends was equated with fun and enjoyment. In this way, the desire for social and symbolic capital appeared to be a key motivator for adolescent drinking. Critically, however, wider cultural norms played the predominant role in shaping behaviour, via the internalisation of widely accepted practice and the subsequent externalisation of norms through the habitus. Applying Bourdieu's theory suggests that population-level interventions that regulate alcohol consumption, and thus disrupt the field, are likely to facilitate behaviour change among young people by driving a response in habitus
DNM1 encephalopathy: A new disease of vesicle fission.
ObjectiveTo evaluate the phenotypic spectrum caused by mutations in dynamin 1 (DNM1), encoding the presynaptic protein DNM1, and to investigate possible genotype-phenotype correlations and predicted functional consequences based on structural modeling.MethodsWe reviewed phenotypic data of 21 patients (7 previously published) with DNM1 mutations. We compared mutation data to known functional data and undertook biomolecular modeling to assess the effect of the mutations on protein function.ResultsWe identified 19 patients with de novo mutations in DNM1 and a sibling pair who had an inherited mutation from a mosaic parent. Seven patients (33.3%) carried the recurrent p.Arg237Trp mutation. A common phenotype emerged that included severe to profound intellectual disability and muscular hypotonia in all patients and an epilepsy characterized by infantile spasms in 16 of 21 patients, frequently evolving into Lennox-Gastaut syndrome. Two patients had profound global developmental delay without seizures. In addition, we describe a single patient with normal development before the onset of a catastrophic epilepsy, consistent with febrile infection-related epilepsy syndrome at 4 years. All mutations cluster within the GTPase or middle domains, and structural modeling and existing functional data suggest a dominant-negative effect on DMN1 function.ConclusionsThe phenotypic spectrum of DNM1-related encephalopathy is relatively homogeneous, in contrast to many other genetic epilepsies. Up to one-third of patients carry the recurrent p.Arg237Trp variant, which is now one of the most common recurrent variants in epileptic encephalopathies identified to date. Given the predicted dominant-negative mechanism of this mutation, this variant presents a prime target for therapeutic intervention
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