Pathogen lifestyle determines host genetic signature of quantitative disease resistance loci in oilseed rape ( Brassica napus )

© 2024 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY), https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Using associative transcriptomics, our study identifies genes conferring resistance to four diverse fungal pathogens in crops, emphasizing key genetic determinants of multi-pathogen resistance. Crops are affected by several pathogens, but these are rarely studied in parallel to identify common and unique genetic factors controlling diseases. Broad-spectrum quantitative disease resistance (QDR) is desirable for crop breeding as it confers resistance to several pathogen species. Here, we use associative transcriptomics (AT) to identify candidate gene loci associated with Brassica napus constitutive QDR to four contrasting fungal pathogens: Alternaria brassicicola, Botrytis cinerea, Pyrenopeziza brassicae, and Verticillium longisporum. We did not identify any shared loci associated with broad-spectrum QDR to fungal pathogens with contrasting lifestyles. Instead, we observed QDR dependent on the lifestyle of the pathogen-hemibiotrophic and necrotrophic pathogens had distinct QDR responses and associated loci, including some loci associated with early immunity. Furthermore, we identify a genomic deletion associated with resistance to V. longisporum and potentially broad-spectrum QDR. This is the first time AT has been used for several pathosystems simultaneously to identify host genetic loci involved in broad-spectrum QDR. We highlight constitutive expressed candidate loci for broad-spectrum QDR with no antagonistic effects on susceptibility to the other pathogens studies as candidates for crop breeding. In conclusion, this study represents an advancement in our understanding of broad-spectrum QDR in B. napus and is a significant resource for the scientific community.Peer reviewe

Effector-triggered defence against apoplastic fungal pathogens

Copyright 2014 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY license CC BY 3.0 (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/). hR gene-mediated host resistance against apoplastic fungal pathogens is not adequately explained by the terms pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP)-triggered immunity (PTI) or effector-triggered immunity (ETI). Therefore, it is proposed that this type of resistance is termed ‘effector-triggered defence’ (ETD). Unlike PTI and ETI, ETD is mediated by R genes encoding cell surface-localised receptor-like proteins (RLPs) that engage the receptor-like kinase SOBIR1. In contrast to this extracellular recognition, ETI is initiated by intracellular detection of pathogen effectors. ETI is usually associated with fast, hypersensitive host cell death, whereas ETD often triggers host cell death only after an elapsed period of endophytic pathogen growth. In this opinion, we focus on ETD responses against foliar fungal pathogens of cropsPeer reviewe

Characteristics of the race structure of <i>Leptosphaeria maculans</i> populations at different experimental sites in the UK, France and Germany.

<p>Characteristics of the race structure of <i>Leptosphaeria maculans</i> populations at different experimental sites in the UK, France and Germany.</p

Relationship between relative cultivar seed yield (<i>RY</i>, %) and relative cultivar phoma stem canker severity (<i>RS</i>, %).

<p>The relationship was fitted (broken short line) by the logistic equation () using the data from winter oilseed rape field experiments at 13 sites (see <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0197752#pone.0197752.t001" target="_blank">Table 1</a>) in three growing seasons (2010/2011, 2011/2012, 2012/2013).</p

Comparison of phoma stem canker severity and seed yield between different oilseed rape cultivars grown in winter oilseed rape field experiments at 13 sites over three growing seasons (2010/2011, 2011/2012, 2012/2013).

<p>Comparison of phoma stem canker severity and seed yield between different oilseed rape cultivars grown in winter oilseed rape field experiments at 13 sites over three growing seasons (2010/2011, 2011/2012, 2012/2013).</p

Relationships between cultivar phoma stem canker severity (<i>S</i>_<i>Ci</i>) and site mean phoma stem canker severity (<i>S</i>_<i>Sj</i>).

<p>The relationships between <i>S</i>_<i>Ci</i> and <i>S</i>_<i>Sj</i> in winter oilseed rape field experiments at 13 sites in three growing seasons (2010/11, 2011/12 and 2012/13). Analysis of position and parallelism showed five distinct groups, with three groups in Fig 3A: Drakkar (broken short line, <i>S</i>_<i>C</i> = 2.53+0.96<i>S</i>_<i>S</i>), Capitol and Bilbao (broken long line, <i>S</i>_<i>C</i> = 0.22+1.14<i>S</i>_<i>S</i>), NK Grandia (solid line, <i>S</i>_<i>C</i> = 0.14+0.88<i>S</i>_<i>S</i>) and with two groups in Fig 3B: Adriana and DK Cabernet (broken long-short line, <i>S</i>_<i>C</i> = -0.50+1.05<i>S</i>_<i>S</i>), Ex-Astrid, Roxet and Excel (dash-dot line, <i>S</i>_<i>C</i> = -0.70+0.92<i>S</i>_<i>S</i>).</p

Distribution of relative seed yield.

<p>The distribution of relative seed yield for each cultivar from field experiments at 13 sites in three growing seasons (2010/11, 2011/12 and 2012/13). Each box-plot shows the mean (broken line) and median (solid line) relative seed yield. The lower and upper boundaries of the boxes indicate relative seed yield for the 25^th and 75^th percentiles, while whisker bars below and above each box indicate relative seed yield for the 5^th and 95^th percentiles. The black dots below and above each box-plot represent the minimum and maximum seed yields, respectively.</p

The latitude and longitude for field experiment sites and the associated weather stations over three growing seasons (2010/11, 2011/12 and 2012/13).

<p>The latitude and longitude for field experiment sites and the associated weather stations over three growing seasons (2010/11, 2011/12 and 2012/13).</p

Oilseed rape (<i>Brassica napus</i>) cultivars/lines and <i>Leptosphaeria maculans</i> isolates used in the controlled environment experiments to confirm the presence of <i>Rlm</i> genes or quantitative resistant (QR).

<p>Oilseed rape (<i>Brassica napus</i>) cultivars/lines and <i>Leptosphaeria maculans</i> isolates used in the controlled environment experiments to confirm the presence of <i>Rlm</i> genes or quantitative resistant (QR).</p

Relationship between individual cultivar seed yield (<i>Y</i>_<i>Ci</i>) and site mean seed yield (<i>Y</i>_<i>Sj</i>).

<p>The relationship between <i>Y</i>_<i>Ci</i> and <i>Y</i>_<i>Sj</i> in winter oilseed rape field experiments at 13 sites in three growing seasons (2010/11, 2011/12 and 2012/13). Analysis of position and parallelism showed five distinct groups, with three groups in Fig 5A: Excel (broken short line, <i>Y</i>_<i>C</i> = 0.03+1.18<i>Y</i>_<i>S</i>), NK Grandia and Adriana (solid line, <i>Y</i>_<i>C</i> = -0.01+1.11<i>Y</i>_<i>S</i>), Drakkar (dash-dot line, <i>Y</i>_<i>C</i> = -0.39 + 0.58<i>Y</i>_<i>S</i>) and with two groups in Fig 5B: Ex-Astrid, DK Cabernet and Bilbao (broken long line, <i>Y</i>_<i>C</i> = 0.40+1.02<i>Y</i>_<i>S</i>), Roxet and Capitol (broken long-short line, <i>Y</i>_<i>C</i> = -0.29+0.99<i>Y</i>_<i>S</i>).</p