Private Management and Operation of The Space Shuttle: Some Legal Problems Related To Market Entry

Most of the private enterprise constituency interested in participating in the commercial exploitation of near and deep space will be subject to a multitude of new laws and entire legal regimes, ranging in scope from public and private international law to domestic legislation, implementing regulations and, even the old and new anti-trust laws. The majority of the interested business community has no idea that an amalgam of specific legal principles and regimes already exists of sufficient distinction to be called space law

Genome sequences of 15 Gardnerella vaginalis strains isolated from the vaginas of women with and without bacterial vaginosis

Gardnerella vaginalis is a predominant species in bacterial vaginosis, a dysbiosis of the vagina that is associated with adverse health outcomes, including preterm birth. Here, we present the draft genome sequences of 15 Gardnerella vaginalis strains (now available through BEI Resources) isolated from women with and without bacterial vaginosis

Changes Suggested in Washington Practice and Procedure: Comparative Analysis of State Rules and Statutes with New Federal Rules Points to Desirable Amendments

In accordance with action taken at the July Convention of the Washington State Bar Association, the Board of Governors appointed a committee (Paul P. Ashley of Seattle, chairman) on Judicial Administration to concern itself with the matters considered and reported upon by the section on Judicial Administration of the American Bar Association. This committee divided itself into sections, and to each was assigned one of the subjects under consideration, including Pre-trial Procedure, Improvement in the Law of Evidence, Trial Practice and Administrative Agencies and Tribunals. Among other things the American Bar Association recommended that the State Bar Associations undertake to bring state practice into close conformity with the Rules of Civil Procedure for the District Courts of the United States, as recently adopted. The section on this subject consists of Honorable George Donworth, formerly District Judge for the Western District of Washington and member of the advisory committee appointed by the United States Supreme Court for the drafting of the new federal rules; the Honorable John S. Robinson, Justice of the Supreme Court of the State of Washington; Mr. Elwood Hutchinson, member of the Yakima Bar and winner of the Ross A. B. A. award in 1937, and Mr. L. B. Hamblen of Spokane, chairman. Already noted for their leadership in matters of judicial reform, the Bench and Bar of the state of Washington now have at their disposal the specific proposals formulated after careful study by these able men. Suggestions and criticisms from the Bar are invited and, in light of those received, further study will be given to this material before it is presented to the annual convention in July

Evaluation of progestogen supplementation for luteal phase support in fresh in vitro fertilization cycles

© 2019 American Society for Reproductive Medicine Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of progestogen supplementation in improving clinical pregnancy rates in women undergoing fresh IVF cycles and to compare different routes, start times, durations, and estrogen coadministration regimen. Design: Comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis. Setting: University. Patient(s): Women undergoing fresh IVF cycles who did and did not receive progestogen supplementation. Intervention(s): Summary odds ratios (ORs) were calculated by binomial logistic regression. Main Outcome Measure(s): Clinical pregnancy rates. Result(s): Eighty-two articles (26,726 women) were included. Clinical pregnancy rates were increased by IM (OR = 4.57), vaginal (OR = 3.34), SC (OR = 3.36), or oral (OR = 2.57) progestogen supplementation versus no treatment. The greatest benefit was observed when progestogens were supplemented IM versus vaginally (OR = 1.37). The optimal time to commence administration was between oocyte retrieval and ET (OR = 1.31), with oocyte retrieval +1 day being most beneficial. Coadministration of estrogen had no benefit (OR = 1.33), whether progestogens were coadministered vaginally or IM. Clinical pregnancy rates were equivalent when progestogen supplementation was ceased after ≤3 weeks or continued for up to 12 weeks (OR = 1.06). Conclusion(s): This broad-ranging meta-analysis highlights the need to reevaluate current clinical practice. The use of progestogens in fresh IVF cycles is substantially beneficial to clinical pregnancy. Critically, the use of IM progestogens should not be dismissed, as it yielded the greatest clinical pregnancy rates. Pregnancy success was impacted by initiation of therapy, with 1 day after oocyte retrieval being optimal. There is little evidence to support coadministration of estrogen or prolonging progestogen treatment beyond 3 weeks

Mathematical analysis of a model for the growth of the bovine corpus luteum.

The corpus luteum (CL) is an ovarian tissue that grows in the wound space created by follicular rupture. It produces the progesterone needed in the uterus to maintain pregnancy. Rapid growth of the CL and progesterone transport to the uterus require angiogenesis, the creation of new blood vessels from pre-existing ones, a process which is regulated by proteins that include fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2). In this paper we develop a system of time-dependent ordinary differential equations to model CL growth. The dependent variables represent FGF2, endothelial cells (ECs), luteal cells, and stromal cells (like pericytes), by assuming that the CL volume is a continuum of the three cell types. We assume that if the CL volume exceeds that of the ovulated follicle, then growth is inhibited. This threshold volume partitions the system dynamics into two regimes, so that the model may be classified as a Filippov (piecewise smooth) system. We show that normal CL growth requires an appropriate balance between the growth rates of luteal and stromal cells. We investigate how angiogenesis influences CL growth by considering how the system dynamics depend on the dimensionless EC proliferation rate, ρ₅. We find that weak (low ρ₅) or strong (high ρ₅) angiogenesis leads to 'pathological' CL growth, since the loss of CL constituents compromises progesterone production or delivery. However, for intermediate values of ρ₅, normal CL growth is predicted. The implications of these results for cow fertility are also discussed. For example, inadequate angiogenesis has been linked to infertility in dairy cows