Adverse Childhood Experiences in the New Mexico Juvenile Justice Population

Faculty from the University of New Mexico (UNM) School of Law and the UNM School of Medicine, and New Mexico’s Children, Youth and Families Department (CYFD) initiated a joint project to look at the prevalence of Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) nationally and in New Mexico. The study was intended to better establish the association between early childhood trauma and delinquency, as well as to explore the role that law and medicine can play in ensuring better health and juvenile justice outcomes for children who have experienced ACEs

HIV-1 infection of microglial cells in a reconstituted humanized mouse model and identification of compounds that selectively reverse HIV latency.

Most studies of HIV latency focus on the peripheral population of resting memory T cells, but the brain also contains a distinct reservoir of HIV-infected cells in microglia, perivascular macrophages, and astrocytes. Studying HIV in the brain has been challenging, since live cells are difficult to recover from autopsy samples and primate models of SIV infection utilize viruses that are more myeloid-tropic than HIV due to the expression of Vpx. Development of a realistic small animal model would greatly advance studies of this important reservoir and permit definitive studies of HIV latency. When radiation or busulfan-conditioned, immune-deficient NSG mice are transplanted with human hematopoietic stem cells, human cells from the bone marrow enter the brain and differentiate to express microglia-specific markers. After infection with replication competent HIV, virus was detected in these bone marrow-derived human microglia. Studies of HIV latency in this model would be greatly enhanced by the development of compounds that can selectively reverse HIV latency in microglial cells. Our studies have identified members of the CoREST repression complex as key regulators of HIV latency in microglia in both rat and human microglial cell lines. The monoamine oxidase (MAO) and potential CoREST inhibitor, phenelzine, which is brain penetrant, was able to stimulate HIV production in human microglial cell lines and human glial cells recovered from the brains of HIV-infected humanized mice. The humanized mice we have developed therefore show great promise as a model system for the development of strategies aimed at defining and reducing the CNS reservoir

Computerized Blood Gas Interpretation and Reporting System

journal articleBiomedical Informatic

Unilateral Load Carriage in Golf Increases Frontal Plane Moment Demand at the Knee

Golf equipment transportation (GET) is a regular task in the sport of golf, a popular activity with more than 66 million participants globally. Unilateral GET is commonly practiced by junior and collegiate golfers, and professional caddies, who incur large walking distances daily, especially during competition. Therefore, the influence of GET on knee mechanics during gait has important implications for performance and injury risks. Furthermore, frontal-plane lower extremity (LE) demands including knee abductor moment during activities may alter knee mechanics and contribute to pain and progression of osteoarthritis (OA). Purpose: To compare the frontal-plane knee moments of two different GET methods to each other and unloaded walking. Methods: 20 experienced young golfers (11M/9F, Age: 26.4±4.5yrs) participated in 3D motion capture of 3 walking tasks: 1) unloaded walking (UW), 2) unilateral carrying on the right shoulder (SS), and 3) carrying the golf bag across both shoulders (DS); using an 11kg bag. For each condition, one stride was taken from each of the 3 successful trials for analysis. Kinematic and Kinetic data were collected at 60Hz and 1000Hz, respectively, and filtered with a 6Hz lowpass filter. Frontal-plane kinematics and kinetics were calculated in Visual 3D. Post-processing and statistical analysis were done in R and MATLAB. One-way ANOVA was used to compare across conditions. Hedge’s g effect sizes (ES) were calculated. Results: The left knee demonstrated higher peak knee abductor moment (PKAM; SS: 0.63 ± 0.08; DS: 0.48 ± 0.09; UW: 0.44 ± 0.07 Nm/kg) during SS compared to DS (pConclusion: PKAM increased on the contralateral knee and decreased on the ipsilateral side during unilateral GET with large effects. Higher PKAM is associated with knee disorders including pain and OA, and could also contribute to localized fatigue. While decreased PKAM on the ipsilateral knee may seem beneficial, bone-on-bone forces could be altered and redistributed. Future studies should investigate moment impulse and bone-on-bone forces associated with GET

Does Carrying Golf Equipment Unilaterally or Bilaterally Influence Spatiotemporal Gait Parameters?

Golf is a popular multimodal recreational physical activity and sport. Golf equipment transportation (GET) is a consistent demand in golf, with over 6 kilometers of walking distance and 10,000 steps accrued, on average, in an 18-hole round. Gait asymmetries, especially in step time and step length, are associated with decreased efficiency and increased metabolic cost. Thus, gait asymmetries in different GET methods may have implications for fatigue and golf performance. PURPOSE: To compare symmetry in gait spatiotemporal parameters of two GET methods with each other and unloaded walking over flat ground. We hypothesized that GET would result in asymmetric step length and step time, and that unilateral would be more asymmetric than bilateral. METHODS: 20 experienced, young adult golfers (11M/9F, Age: 26.4±4.5 yrs) participated in 3D motion capture of 3 GET walking tasks: 1) unloaded walking (UW), 2) unilateral single-strap carrying on the right shoulder (SS), and 3) bilateral double-strap carrying across both shoulders (DS); using an 11kg bag. In each condition, the mean of 9 total steps resulting from 3 successful walking trials was analyzed. Kinematic data were collected at 60Hz and filtered at 6Hz. Post-processing and statistical analysis were performed in Visual 3D and R. Symmetry was evaluated for step time and length using a symmetry index that calculates the ratio of kinematics between limbs. One-way ANOVA was performed to compare symmetry for step time and length across conditions. RESULTS: Step time (F = 1.163, P = 0.32) and step length (F = 1.895, P = 0.16) between-limb symmetry were not different across SS, DS, and UW. CONCLUSION: Despite carrying a load of 11kg in the SS and DS, symmetry in step length and step time was maintained, contrary to our hypothesis. Increases in lower limb joint moments may be required to account for the magnitude and position of the external load in SS and DS and to maintain symmetry in spatiotemporal gait parameters. Therefore, lower extremity joint and trunk biomechanics should be investigated in GET to better understand the mechanical demands required to maintain gait symmetry. Exploring the effects of different GET methods on uneven surfaces may be more ecologically important to understanding fatigue or golf performance due to GET method

A Descriptive Study of the Additional Factors Needed to Transition a Troubled Church to Health

There is a level of frustration among pastors as they try to apply philosophical models of health to troubled churches. These churches have been labeled troubled because of the traumatic events they have experienced in the past. These experiences have resulted in barriers to any effort by pastor to transition the church to health. The purpose of this study is to identify the common factors/issues that a troubled church must address in order to progress in the revitalization process. This study seeks to provide a description of the factors/issues that ten troubled churches addressed as they moved toward health