Sexual and gender minorities educational content within obstetric anesthesia fellowship programs: a survey.

PurposeImproved patient-provider relationships can positively influence patient outcomes. Sexual and gender minorities (SGM) represent a wide variety of marginalized populations. There is an absence of studies examining the inclusion of SGM-related health education within postgraduate training in anesthesia. This study's objective was to perform an environmental scan of the educational content of North American obstetric anesthesia fellowship programs.MethodsAn online survey was developed based on a review of the existing literature assessing the presence of SGM content within other healthcare-provider curricula. The survey instrument was distributed electronically to 50 program directors of North American obstetric anesthesia fellowship programs. Survey responses were summarized using descriptive statistics.ResultsSurvey responses were received from 30 of the 50 program directors (60%). Of these, 54% (14/26) felt their curriculum adequately prepares fellows to care for SGM patients, yet only 19% (5/26) of participants stated that SGM content was part of their curriculum and 31% (8/26) would like to see more incorporated in the future. Perceived lack of need was chosen as the biggest barrier to curricular inclusion of SGM education (46%; 12/26), followed by lack of available/interested faculty (19%; 5/26) and time (19%; 5/26).ConclusionsOur results suggest that, although curriculum leaders appreciate that SGM patients are encountered within the practice of obstetric anesthesia, most fellowship programs do not explicitly include SGM curricular content. Nevertheless, there appears to be interest in developing SGM curricular content for obstetric anesthesia fellowship training. Future steps should include perspectives of trainees and patients to inform curricular content

Do Trustees and Administrators Matter? Diversifying the Faculty Across Gender Lines

Our paper focuses on the role that the gender composition of the leaders of American colleges and universities – trustees, presidents/chancellors, and provosts/academic vice presidents – plays in influencing the rate at which academic institutions diversify their faculty across gender lines. Our analyses make use of institutional level panel data that we have collected for a large sample of American academic institutions. We find, other factors held constant including our estimate of the “expected” share of new hires that should be female, that institutions with female presidents/chancellors and female provosts/academic vice presidents, as well as those with a greater share of female trustees, increase their shares of female faculty at a more rapid rate. The magnitudes of the effects of these leaders are larger at smaller institutions, where central administrators may play a larger role in faculty hiring decisions. A critical share of female trustees must be reached before the gender composition of the board matters

Using NDF and ADF to balance diets (1993)

This publication shows how neutral detergent solution can be used to measure neutral detergent fiber (NDF). NDF represents the total plant fiber or cell wall including hemicellulose, cellulose and lignin. This publication also shows how acid detergent solution can be used to measure acid detergent fiber (ADF), which contains cellulose and lignin. Both ADF and NDF data help to more accurately estimate feed intake, energy values and animal performance

Transport of N-acetylaspartate via murine sodium/dicarboxylate cotransporter NaDC3 and expression of this transporter and aspartoacylase II in ocular tissues in mouse

AbstractCanavan disease is a genetic disorder associated with optic neuropathy and the metabolism of N-acetylaspartate is defective in this disorder due to mutations in the gene coding for the enzyme aspartoacylase II. Here we show that the plasma membrane transporter NaDC3, a Na+-coupled transporter for dicarboxylates, is able to transport N-acetylaspartate, suggesting that the transporter may function in concert with aspartoacylase II in the metabolism of N-acetylaspartate. Since Canavan disease is associated with ocular complications, we investigated the expression pattern of NaDC3 and aspartoacylase II in ocular tissues in mouse by in situ hybridization. These studies show that NaDC3 mRNA is expressed in the optic nerve, most layers of the retina, retinal pigment epithelium, ciliary body, iris, and lens. Aspartoacylase II mRNA is coexpressed in most of these cell types. We conclude that transport of N-acetylaspartate into ocular tissues via NaDC3 and its subsequent hydrolysis by aspartoacylase II play an essential role in the maintenance of visual function

Asperciones de permetrina microencapsulada para el control de la garrapata sureña del ganado, Boophilus microplus (Aeari:Ixodidae), infestando novillas lecheras Holstein en Santa Cruz, Islas Vírgenes Americanas

The effectiveness of two acaricides was evaluated for control of populations of the southern cattle tick, Boophilus microplus on dairy cattle in St. Croix, U.S. Virgin Islands. Two different concentrations of a microencapsulated (ME) formulation of permethrin (0.05% and 0.10% ai) and one concentration of coumaphos emulsifiable concentrate (EC) (0.117% ai) were sprayed on Holstein heifers that had a natural infestation of ticks. The length of residual activity of EC coumaphos and ME permethrin at 0.05% (ai) was at least four days, and for ME permethrin at 0.10% ai at least seven days.There was no apparent increase in the residual activity period of ME permethrin in comparison to that in field trials of other formulations of permethrin against B. microplus. Percentage control for the three treatment groups from days 4 through 21 was ME permethrin (0.05% ai) 96%; ME permethrin (0.10% ai), 97%; coumaphos, 98.3%. There were no significant differences among the treatment groups (F = 2.21, df = 2,17, P> 0.10). This research confirms the usefulness of permethrin as an alternative to coumaphos for control of B. microplus populations on cattle.Se evaluaron dos acaricidas por su efectividad para controlar las poblaciones de la garrapata sureña Boophilus microplus en ganado lechero en Santa Cruz, Islas Virgenes Americanas. Se asperjaron dos concentraciones diferentes de una formulación microencapsulada (ME) de permetrína (0.05 y 0.10% ia) y una concentración de coumaphos concentrado emulsificable (0,117% ia) sobre novillas Holstein que presentaban una infestación natural de garrapatas. La actividad residual del coumaphos y la permetrina ME (0.05% ia) fue por lo menos de cuatro días y la de permetrina ME (0.10% ia) fue de por lo menos siete días. El largo del periodo residual de la permetrina ME sobre el Boophilus microplus no aumentó en comparación con experimentos de campo con otras formulaciones de permetrinas. El porcentaje de control para los tres tratamientos desde los días 4 al 21 fue: permetrina ME (0.05% ia), 96%; permetrina ME (0,10% ia), 97%; coumaphos, 98.3%. Las diferencias entre las medias de los diferentes tratamientos no fueron significativas (F= 2.21; g.l. = 2,17, P> 0.10). Esta investigación confirma que la permetrina es una alternativa para el control de B. microplus en poblaciones de ganado

Effect of Perflubron-induced lung growth on pulmonary vascular remodeling in congenital diaphragmatic hernia

Congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) involves lung hypoplasia and pulmonary hypertension (PH). Post-natal Perflubron ventilation induces lung growth. This phenomenon is called Perflubon-induced lung growth (PILG). However, it does not appear to ameliorate PH in CDH. We aim to determine the effect of PILG on pulmonary vascular remodeling in neonates with CDH and PH requiring extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO)

Health Researchers' Use of Social Media: Scoping Review.

BackgroundHealth researchers are increasingly using social media in a professional capacity, and the applications of social media for health researchers are vast. However, there is currently no published evidence synthesis of the ways in which health researchers use social media professionally, and uncertainty remains as to how best to harness its potential.ObjectiveThis scoping review aimed to explore how social media is used by health researchers professionally, as reported in the literature.MethodsThe scoping review methodology guided by Arksey and O'Malley and Levac et al was used. Comprehensive searches based on the concepts of health research and social media were conducted in MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, PsycINFO, ERIC, and Web of Science databases, with no limitations applied. Articles were screened at the title and abstract level and at full text by two reviewers. One reviewer extracted data that were analyzed descriptively to map the available evidence.ResultsA total of 8359 articles were screened at the title and abstract level, of which 719 were also assessed at full text for eligibility. The 414 articles identified for inclusion were published in 278 different journals. Studies originated from 31 different countries, with the most prevalent being the United States (52.7% [218/414]). The health discipline of the first authors varied, with medicine (33.3% [138/414]) being the most common. A third of the articles covered health generally, with 61 health-specific topics. Papers used a range of social media platforms (mean 1.33 [SD 0.7]). A quarter of the articles screened reported on social media use for participant recruitment (25.1% [104/414]), followed by practical ways to use social media (15.5% [64/414]), and use of social media for content analysis research (13.3% [55/414]). Articles were categorized as celebratory (ie, opportunities for engagement, 72.2% [299/414]), contingent (ie, opportunities and possible limitations, 22.7% [94/414]) and concerned (ie, potentially harmful, 5.1% [21/414]).ConclusionsHealth researchers are increasingly publishing on their use of social media for a range of professional purposes. Although most of the sentiment around the use of social media in health research was celebratory, the uses of social media varied widely. Future research is needed to support health researchers to optimize their social media use

Thoracoscopic Repair of Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia in Neonates: Lessons Learned

Abstract Purpose: We sought to characterize our recent experience with thoracoscopic congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) repair and identify patient selection factors. Methods: We reviewed the medical records of full-term neonatal (<1 month of age) patients who underwent thoracoscopic CDH repair between 2004 and 2008 (n=15). We obtained data on prenatal diagnosis, characteristics of the CDH and repair, complications, and outcome. Results: All patients were stabilized preoperatively and underwent repair at an average of 5.7+/-1.3 days. Six patients were prenatally diagnosed, including the 5 inborn. Thirteen defects were left-sided. All were intubated shortly after birth and 2 required extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). Twelve of 15 (80%) patients underwent successful thoracoscopic primary repair, including 1 of the patients who required ECMO prior to repair. Conversion to open repair occurred in 3 of 15 (20%) patients because of the need for patch closure or intraoperative instability. Among those converted to open, all had left-sided CDH defects and 3 had stomach herniation (of 5 such patients). Patients spent an average of 6.9+/-1.0 days on the ventilator following repair. The average time until full-enteral feeding was 16.7+/-2.25 days, and average length of hospital stay was 23.8+/-2.73 days. All patients survived to discharge, and average length of follow-up was 15.3+/-3.6 months. Conclusions: Thoracoscopic repair of CDH is a safe, effective strategy in patients who have undergone prior stabilization. Stomach herniation is associated with, but does not categorically predict, conversion to open repair. ECMO use prior to repair should not be an absolute contraindication to thoracoscopic repair.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/78119/1/lap.2009.0129.pd

Do Trustees and Administrators Matter? Diversifying the Faculty Across Gender Lines

Our paper focuses on the role that the gender composition of the leaders of American colleges and universities -trustees, presidents/chancellors, and provosts/academic vice presidents - plays in influencing the rate at which academic institutions diversify their faculty across gender lines. Our analyses make use of institutional level panel data that we have collected on for a large sample of American academic institutions. We find that, other factors held constant including our estimate of the "expected" share of new hires at an institution that should be female, that institutions with female presidents/chancellors and female provosts/academic vice presidents, and those with a greater share of female trustees, increase their shares of female faculty at a more rapid rate. The magnitudes of the effects of these leaders are larger at smaller institutions, where central administrators may play a larger role in faculty hiring decisions. A critical share of female trustees must be reached before the gender composition of the board matters.