Potenziale und Ressourcen erkennen und entwickeln: Zugänge und Modelle

Hanni Bütler stellt in ihrem Aufsatz das Zürcher Ressourcenmodell ZRM, ein Verfahren zum Selbstmanagement, das auf aktuellsten neurowissenschaftlichen Erkenntnissen zum menschlichen Handeln beruht, vor. Wie diese differenzierte psychologische Methode, deren Ausgangspunkt und Kernelement die Arbeit mit Bildern darstellt, in der Laufbahnberatung eingesetzt werden kann, wird von der Autorin anschaulich und nachvollziehbar beschrieben. Da die Beratung von geflüchteten Menschen in jüngster Zeit an Bedeutung gewonnen hat, ist auch das Thema Trauma stärker ins Bewusstsein gerückt. Doris Deixler gibt in ihrem Artikel einen Überblick über das aktuelle Wissen über das Wesen von Traumata und über deren Folgen. Aus ihrer Praxis als Traumaberaterin zeigt sie, auf welche Weise sich Traumafolgen in Beratungssituationen auswirken können - und wie BeraterInnen darauf reagieren können. Georg Gittler und Test 4 U GmbH stellen ein neuartiges, in jahrelanger Forschung entwickeltes Online-Instrument vor, das eine Orientierungshilfe für die Studienwahl bietet: Das "Studien-Navi" vergleicht persönliche Interessensprofile mit denen bereits Studierender und rangreiht mögliche Alternativen nach dem Grad ihrer Passung. Das Instrument ist auf wissenschaftlicher Basis entwickelt und umfangreich empirisch abgesichert. Es hat in der wissenschaftlichen Community große Beachtung gefunden und wird im Rahmen des vom österreichischen Wissenschaftsministerium gemeinsam mit dem Bildungsministerium ins Leben gerufenen Programm "18plus - Berufs- und Studienchecker" für angehende MaturantInnen im Zusammenhang mit individueller Beratung angeboten. Martin Busch und Laura Soroldoni berichten über eine weitere innovative Entwicklung im Zusammenhang mit dem Programm "18plus": Auf Basis von Forschungen zur Berufswahl unter den gegenwärtigen gesellschaftlichen Bedingungen hat Mark Savickas ein von den in der Berufsberatung üblichen Interessenstests abweichendes Instrumentarium entwickelt, das Auskunft über den Stand des Orientierungsprozesses und die damit zusammenhängenden Einstellungen und Verfasstheiten der Ratsuchenden gibt. Dieses Instrumentarium wurde mit Genehmigung des Autors ins Deutsche übersetzt und um spezifische Empfehlungen an die Ratsuchenden für die weitere Gestaltung des Orientierungsprozesses erweitert

Dreaming, Lucid Dreaming and Personality

The term "lucid dream" describes a dream during which the dreamer is aware of being in a dream while the dream is ongoing. Our investigation focused on the frequency of the lucid dream experience and its relationship to mental health, behavioural control (TPF; Becker, 1989), decision behaviour (EQS; Wolfram, 1982), and spatial abilities (3DW; Gittler, 1990). Data analysis of 89 subjects suggested that frequent lucid dreamers (n=27) differ from rare (n=33) and non-lucid dreamers (n=29) by higher scores in the scales of mental health, freedom from complaints, expansivity, autonomy and self-esteem. With regard to behavioural control, decision behaviour and spatial abilities, there were no significant differences between the three lucidity groups

Dreaming, Lucid Dreaming and Personality

The term "lucid dream" describes a dream during which the dreamer is aware of being in a dream while the dream is ongoing. Our investigation focused on the frequency of the lucid dream experience and its relationship to mental health, behavioural control (TPF; Becker, 1989), decision behaviour (EQS; Wolfram, 1982), and spatial abilities (3DW; Gittler, 1990). Data analysis of 89 subjects suggested that frequent lucid dreamers (n=27) differ from rare (n=33) and non-lucid dreamers (n=29) by higher scores in the scales of mental health, freedom from complaints, expansivity, autonomy and self-esteem. With regard to behavioural control, decision behaviour and spatial abilities, there were no significant differences between the three lucidity groups

Indirect (implicit) and direct (explicit) self-esteem measures are virtually unrelated : A meta-analysis of the initial preference task

BackgroundThe initial preference task (IPT) is an implicit measure that has featured prominently in the literature and enjoys high popularity because it offers to provide an unobtrusive and objective assessment of self-esteem that is easy to administer. However, its use for self-esteem assessment may be limited because of weak associations with direct personality measures. Moreover, moderator effects of sample- and study-related variables need investigation to determine the value of IPT-based assessments of self-esteem.MethodsConventional and grey-literature database searches, as well as screening of reference lists of obtained articles, yielded a total of 105 independent healthy adult samples (N = 17,777) originating from 60 studies. Summary effect estimates and subgroup analyses for potential effect moderators (e.g., administration order, algorithm, rating type) were calculated by means of meta-analytic random- and mixed-effects models. Moreover, we accounted for potential influences of publication year, publication status (published vs. not), and participant sex in a weighted stepwise hierarchical multiple meta-regression. We tested for dissemination bias through six methods.ResultsThere was no noteworthy correlation between IPT-based implicit and explicit self-esteem (r = .102), indicating conceptual independence of these two constructs. Effects were stronger when the B-algorithm was used for calculation of IPT-scores and the IPT was administered only once, whilst all other moderators did not show significant influences. Regression analyses revealed a somewhat stronger (albeit non-significant) effect for men. Moreover, there was no evidence for dissemination bias or a decline effect, although effects from published studies were numerically somewhat stronger than unpublished effects.DiscussionWe show that there is no noteworthy association between IPT-based implicit and explicit self-esteem, which is broadly consistent with dual-process models of implicit and explicit evaluations on the one hand, but also casts doubt on the suitability of the IPT for the assessment of implicit self-esteem on the other hand.publishe

Indirect (implicit) and direct (explicit) self-esteem measures are virtually unrelated: A meta-analysis of the initial preference task.

BACKGROUND:The initial preference task (IPT) is an implicit measure that has featured prominently in the literature and enjoys high popularity because it offers to provide an unobtrusive and objective assessment of self-esteem that is easy to administer. However, its use for self-esteem assessment may be limited because of weak associations with direct personality measures. Moreover, moderator effects of sample- and study-related variables need investigation to determine the value of IPT-based assessments of self-esteem. METHODS:Conventional and grey-literature database searches, as well as screening of reference lists of obtained articles, yielded a total of 105 independent healthy adult samples (N = 17,777) originating from 60 studies. Summary effect estimates and subgroup analyses for potential effect moderators (e.g., administration order, algorithm, rating type) were calculated by means of meta-analytic random- and mixed-effects models. Moreover, we accounted for potential influences of publication year, publication status (published vs. not), and participant sex in a weighted stepwise hierarchical multiple meta-regression. We tested for dissemination bias through six methods. RESULTS:There was no noteworthy correlation between IPT-based implicit and explicit self-esteem (r = .102), indicating conceptual independence of these two constructs. Effects were stronger when the B-algorithm was used for calculation of IPT-scores and the IPT was administered only once, whilst all other moderators did not show significant influences. Regression analyses revealed a somewhat stronger (albeit non-significant) effect for men. Moreover, there was no evidence for dissemination bias or a decline effect, although effects from published studies were numerically somewhat stronger than unpublished effects. DISCUSSION:We show that there is no noteworthy association between IPT-based implicit and explicit self-esteem, which is broadly consistent with dual-process models of implicit and explicit evaluations on the one hand, but also casts doubt on the suitability of the IPT for the assessment of implicit self-esteem on the other hand

Microbiome Patterns in Matched Bile, Duodenal, Pancreatic Tumor Tissue, Drainage, and Stool Samples: Association with Preoperative Stenting and Postoperative Pancreatic Fistula Development

Postoperative complications after pancreatic surgery are still a significant problem in clinical practice. The aim of this study was to characterize and compare the microbiomes of different body compartments (bile duct, duodenal mucosa, pancreatic tumor lesion, postoperative drainage fluid, and stool samples; preoperative and postoperative) in patients undergoing pancreatic surgery for suspected pancreatic cancer, and their association with relevant clinical factors (stent placement, pancreatic fistula, and gland texture). For this, solid (duodenal mucosa, pancreatic tumor tissue, stool) and liquid (bile, drainage fluid) biopsy samples of 10 patients were analyzed using 16s rRNA gene next-generation sequencing. Our analysis revealed: (i) a distinct microbiome in the different compartments, (ii) markedly higher abundance of Enterococcus in patients undergoing preoperative stent placement in the common bile duct, (iii) significant differences in the beta diversity between patients who developed a postoperative pancreatic fistula (POPF B/C), (iv) patients with POPF B/C were more likely to have bacteria belonging to the genus Enterococcus, and (v) differences in microbiome composition with regard to the pancreatic gland texture. The structure of the microbiome is distinctive in different compartments, and can be associated with the development of a postoperative pancreatic fistula

Indirect (implicit) and direct (explicit) self-esteem measures are virtually unrelated: A meta-analysis of the initial preference task

Background The initial preference task (IPT) is an implicit measure that has featured prominently in the literature and enjoys high popularity because it offers to provide an unobtrusive and objective assessment of self-esteem that is easy to administer. However, its use for self-esteem assessment may be limited because of weak associations with direct personality measures. Moreover, moderator effects of sample- and study-related variables need investigation to determine the value of IPT-based assessments of self-esteem. Methods Conventional and grey-literature database searches, as well as screening of reference lists of obtained articles, yielded a total of 105 independent healthy adult samples (N = 17,777) originating from 60 studies. Summary effect estimates and subgroup analyses for potential effect moderators (e.g., administration order, algorithm, rating type) were calculated by means of meta-analytic random- and mixed-effects models. Moreover, we accounted for potential influences of publication year, publication status (published vs. not), and participant sex in a weighted stepwise hierarchical multiple meta-regression. We tested for dissemination bias through six methods. Results There was no noteworthy correlation between IPT-based implicit and explicit self-esteem (r = .102), indicating conceptual independence of these two constructs. Effects were stronger when the B-algorithm was used for calculation of IPT-scores and the IPT was administered only once, whilst all other moderators did not show significant influences. Regression analyses revealed a somewhat stronger (albeit non-significant) effect for men. Moreover, there was no evidence for dissemination bias or a decline effect, although effects from published studies were numerically somewhat stronger than unpublished effects. Discussion We show that there is no noteworthy association between IPT-based implicit and explicit self-esteem, which is broadly consistent with dual-process models of implicit(VLID)473688

Increasing Comorbidities Suggest that Atopic Dermatitis Is a Systemic Disorder

Atopic dermatitis comorbidities extend well beyond the march to allergic conditions (food allergy, asthma, allergic rhinitis, allergic conjunctivitis, and eosinophilic esophagitis), suggesting both cutaneous and systemic immune activation. In reviewing atopic dermatitis comorbidities, Councilors of the International Eczema Council found a strong pattern of immune activation in peripheral blood and the propensity to both skin and systemic infections. Associations with cardiovascular, neuropsychiatric, and malignant diseases were increasingly reported, but confirmation of their link with atopic dermatitis requires longitudinal studies. Given the possibility of atopic dermatitis-related systemic immune activation, future investigations of new interventions should concurrently examine the impact on these comorbidities

Indirect (implicit) and direct (explicit) self-esteem measures are virtually unrelated: A meta-analysis of the initial preference task

Background: The initial preference task (IPT) is an implicit measure that has featured prominently in the literature and enjoys high popularity because it offers to provide an unobtrusive and objective assessment of self-esteem that is easy to administer. However, its use for self-esteem assessment may be limited because of weak associations with direct personality measures. Moreover, moderator effects of sample- and study-related variables need investigation to determine the value of IPT-based assessments of self-esteem. Methods: Conventional and grey-literature database searches, as well as screening of reference lists of obtained articles, yielded a total of 105 independent healthy adult samples (N = 17,777) originating from 60 studies. Summary effect estimates and subgroup analyses for potential effect moderators (e.g., administration order, algorithm, rating type) were calculated by means of meta-analytic random- and mixed-effects models. Moreover, we accounted for potential influences of publication year, publication status (published vs. not), and participant sex in a weighted stepwise hierarchical multiple meta-regression. We tested for dissemination bias through six methods. Results: There was no noteworthy correlation between IPT-based implicit and explicit self-esteem (r = .102), indicating conceptual independence of these two constructs. Effects were stronger when the B-algorithm was used for calculation of IPT-scores and the IPT was administered only once, whilst all other moderators did not show significant influences. Regression analyses revealed a somewhat stronger (albeit non-significant) effect for men. Moreover, there was no evidence for dissemination bias or a decline effect, although effects from published studies were numerically somewhat stronger than unpublished effects. Discussion: We show that there is no noteworthy association between IPT-based implicit and explicit self-esteem, which is broadly consistent with dual-process models of implicit and explicit evaluations on the one hand, but also casts doubt on the suitability of the IPT for the assessment of implicit self-esteem on the other hand.© 2018 Pietschnig et a