Propuesta de marketing relacional para mejorar la satisfacción de estudiantes de pregrado de la Universidad Señor de Sipán 2021

La educación es una herramienta de transformación social, siendo las universidades una organización encargada de formar profesionales idóneos en desarrollar educación de calidad para el desarrollo social sostenible y constituyéndose en el lugar donde las personas tienen contacto con otras formaciones profesionales conexas a la suya; el proyecto de investigación denominado busca mejorar los índices de satisfacción a través de una propuesta de marketing relacional como estrategia para mejorar la satisfacción de los estudiantes de pregrado de la Universidad Señor de Sipán que permita consolidar la calidad de la educación universitaria abordando el objetivo nro. 4 de los ODS que busca erradicar la pobreza, mediante el aseguramiento de una formación profesional de calidad y asegurar la prosperidad para todos como parte de una nueva agenda de desarrollo sostenible. La universidad en mención tiene un impacto importante en la región norte del país, toda vez que su población estudiantil es de clase social b y c por tanto, es necesario mejorar las condiciones de equidad en el acceso a educación de calidad mediante esta propuesta de mejorar los servicios educativos

Adherence to antiretroviral therapy and the associated factors among people living with HIV/AIDS in Northern Peru : a cross-sectional study

Altres ajuts: This study was partially funded by a research Grant from the Fundació Autònoma Solidària (Resolució Convocatòria FSXXXIII-Peru); and the Oficina de Investigación y Creatividad Intelectual from the Universidad María Auxiliadora (OICI-001-2017).There are approximately 72,000 people living with HIV/AIDS (PLHIV) in Peru. Non-adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART) is the most important factor for therapeutic failure and the development of resistance. Peru has achieved moderate progress in meeting the 90-90-90 targets, but only 60% of PLHIV receiving ART are virally suppressed. The purpose of this study was to understand ART adherence in the Peruvian context, including developing sociodemographic and clinical profiles, evaluating the clinical management strategies, and analyzing the relationships between the variables and adherence of PLHIV managed at a regional HIV clinic in Lambayeque Province (Northern Peru). This was a cross-sectional study with 180 PLHIV adults, non-randomly but consecutively selected with self-reported ART compliance (78.2% of the eligible population). The PLHIV profile (PLHIV-Pro) and the Simplified Medication Adherence Questionnaire (SMAQ) were used to collect sociodemographic information, clinical variables, and data specific to ART adherence. Descriptive analysis of sociodemographic and clinical characteristics was performed. Bivariate analysis was performed with the Mann-Whitney test, Chi square test, and Yates correction. The 180 PLHIV sample included 78.9% men, 49.4% heterosexual, 45% with a detectable HIV-1 viral load less than 40 copies/ml, 58.3% not consistently adherent, and only 26.1% receiving Tenofovir + Lamivudine + Efavirenz. Risk factors significant for non-adherence included concurrent tuberculosis, discomfort with the ART regime, and previous pauses in ART. Multivariate analysis of nested models indicated having children is a protector factor for adherence. Self-reported adherence appeared to be low and the use of first-line therapy is not being prescribed homogeneously. Factors associated with nonadherence are both medical and behavioral, such as having tuberculosis, pausing ART, or experiencing discomfort with ART. The Peruvian government needs to update national technical standards, monitor medication availability, and provide education to health care professionals in alignment with evidence-based guidelines and international recommendations. Instruments to measure adherence need to be developed and evaluated for use in Latin America

Faculty attitudes about caring for people living with HIV/AIDS : A comparative study

Background: People living with HIV/AIDS (PLHIV) experience stigma and discrimination. Negative attitudes of nursing faculty about caring for PLHIV can adversely affect student perceptions and their nursing care. The study purpose was to describe nursing faculty attitudes and beliefs about caring for PLHIV. Method: The HPASS (Healthcare Provider HIV/AIDS Stigma Scale), Spanish version, was delivered to nursing faculty in Colombia and Peru. Results: The HPASS was completed by 98 nursing faculty. The overall mean score was 2.41 (SD = 0.69), with subscale scores: stereotypes, 2.55 (SD = 0.84); discrimination, 2.28 (SD = 0.74); and prejudices, 2.41 (SD = 0.63). Peruvian faculty had the highest scores, statistically correlated with the importance of religion, whereas Colombia had the lowest. Conclusion: Nursing faculty attitudes toward PLHIV were slightly positive in Colombia to slightly negative in Peru; however, both countries had negative stereotypes. Knowledge deficiencies about HIV persist and attitudes appear to be influenced by culture and religion

‘Staying alive’ with antiretroviral therapy: a grounded theory study of people living with HIV in Peru

Background To achieve an optimal quality of life through chronic disease management, people living with HIV (PLHIV) must adhere to antiretroviral therapy (ART). ART has been available throughout Peru since 2004 without cost in all regions; yet only 60% (43 200) of PLHIV receive ART and 32% are virally suppressed. Despite the low adherence, little is known about the experience of PLHIV with ART adherence in the context of Latin America.Methods A constructivist grounded theory design was used to understand the ART adherence experiences of PLHIV in Northern Peru. Unstructured interviews were conducted with 18 participants resulting in theoretical saturation. All interviews were recorded, immediately transcribed and analysed concurrently with data collection using constant comparative analysis with Atlas.ti (V.8) software. Rigour was maintained through openness, reflexivity, audit trail, memo writing, debriefings, member checks and positionality.Results The core category ‘staying alive’ emerged through the interaction of four categories, including: (1) overcoming barriers; (2) working with the healthcare team; (3) tailoring self-care strategies; and (4) appreciating antiretrovirals. Adherence is not a spontaneous outcome, instead, the surprise of HIV diagnosis transitions to living with HIV as a chronic disease. The healthcare team helps PLHIV realise ART is their life source by enhancing, supporting and facilitating self-care and overcoming barriers.Conclusion Adherence emerges from experiential learning as PLHIV recognised ART as their life source in balance with their desire to continue living a normal life. Social support and healthcare team interventions help PLHIV implement tailored self-care strategies to overcome personal, social, and structural barriers to adherence. Healthcare professionals need to recognise the challenges confronted by PLHIV as they learn how to continue living while trying to stay alive

Facile synthesis of biologically derived fluorescent carbon nanoparticles (FCNPs) from an abundant marine alga and its biological activities

Biologically derived carbon-based nanomaterials have been gaining attention in the recent years due to its various potential medical applications. In this study, fluorescent carbon nanoparticles (FCNPs) derived from an abundant alga, Cladophora vagabunda is first reported. FCNPs with an average diameter of ~43 nm was synthesized via hydrothermal process, a simple and green method. The synthesized FCNPs exhibited absorbances in the ultraviolet to visible regions and emissions at 600 and 650 nm. Phytochemical screening and bioactivity tests were conducted to determine various bioactive compounds present in the FCNP surface and its antibacterial, antioxidant, and cytotoxic properties. Results showed that FCNPs from C. vagabunda contains tannin, saponin, flavonoids, and phenolic compounds which are known for their antimicrobial property as supported by the result of agar well diffusion method using a Gram-positive S. aureus and Gram-negative E. coli. Moreover, FCNPs shows inactive cytotoxicity using brine shrimp lethality test at ratio as high as 1:1 in 40% (v/v) ethanol. The results suggest the potential use of FCNPs from C. vagabunda as a fluorescent material with various biological activities. © 2018 Oriental Scientific Publishing Company. All rights reserved

Faculty Attitudes About Caring for People Living With HIV/AIDS: A Comparative Study

Background: People living with HIV/AIDS (PLHIV) experience stigma and discrimination. Negative attitudes of nursing faculty about caring for PLHIV can adversely affect student perceptions and their nursing care. The study purpose was to describe nursing faculty attitudes and beliefs about caring for PLHIV. Method: The HPASS (Healthcare Provider HIV/AIDS Stigma Scale), Spanish version, was delivered to nursing faculty in Colombia and Peru. Results: The HPASS was completed by 98 nursing faculty. The overall mean score was 2.41 (SD = 0.69), with subscale scores: stereotypes, 2.55 (SD = 0.84); discrimination, 2.28 (SD = 0.74); and prejudices, 2.41 (SD = 0.63). Peruvian faculty had the highest scores, statistically correlated with the importance of religion, whereas Colombia had the lowest. Conclusion: Nursing faculty attitudes toward PLHIV were slightly positive in Colombia to slightly negative in Peru; however, both countries had negative stereotypes. Knowledge deficiencies about HIV persist and attitudes appear to be influenced by culture and religion

Adherence to antiretroviral therapy and the associated factors among people living with HIV/AIDS in Northern Peru : a cross-sectional study

Altres ajuts: This study was partially funded by a research Grant from the Fundació Autònoma Solidària (Resolució Convocatòria FSXXXIII-Peru); and the Oficina de Investigación y Creatividad Intelectual from the Universidad María Auxiliadora (OICI-001-2017).There are approximately 72,000 people living with HIV/AIDS (PLHIV) in Peru. Non-adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART) is the most important factor for therapeutic failure and the development of resistance. Peru has achieved moderate progress in meeting the 90-90-90 targets, but only 60% of PLHIV receiving ART are virally suppressed. The purpose of this study was to understand ART adherence in the Peruvian context, including developing sociodemographic and clinical profiles, evaluating the clinical management strategies, and analyzing the relationships between the variables and adherence of PLHIV managed at a regional HIV clinic in Lambayeque Province (Northern Peru). This was a cross-sectional study with 180 PLHIV adults, non-randomly but consecutively selected with self-reported ART compliance (78.2% of the eligible population). The PLHIV profile (PLHIV-Pro) and the Simplified Medication Adherence Questionnaire (SMAQ) were used to collect sociodemographic information, clinical variables, and data specific to ART adherence. Descriptive analysis of sociodemographic and clinical characteristics was performed. Bivariate analysis was performed with the Mann-Whitney test, Chi square test, and Yates correction. The 180 PLHIV sample included 78.9% men, 49.4% heterosexual, 45% with a detectable HIV-1 viral load less than 40 copies/ml, 58.3% not consistently adherent, and only 26.1% receiving Tenofovir + Lamivudine + Efavirenz. Risk factors significant for non-adherence included concurrent tuberculosis, discomfort with the ART regime, and previous pauses in ART. Multivariate analysis of nested models indicated having children is a protector factor for adherence. Self-reported adherence appeared to be low and the use of first-line therapy is not being prescribed homogeneously. Factors associated with nonadherence are both medical and behavioral, such as having tuberculosis, pausing ART, or experiencing discomfort with ART. The Peruvian government needs to update national technical standards, monitor medication availability, and provide education to health care professionals in alignment with evidence-based guidelines and international recommendations. Instruments to measure adherence need to be developed and evaluated for use in Latin America