Evaluation of the resulting quality level index for interregional passenger automobile transport

In order to improve transport services for the population, it is necessary to study and analyze the information on the quality of transport services on the basis of gained experience and wishes of the passengers. This paper, basing on the normative and technical documentation and expert assessments, provides the rationale for the selection of quality indicators for interregional passenger automobile transport. Quality evaluation indexes are supposed to be simple for calculation and use; quality indexes are supposed to be formed in the way to judge the participation of carriers in the improvement of the quality of the transport process, i. e. to separate the qualities, which depend and do not depend on their activities. Indexes, developed on the basis of the standards' requirements are used in this paper. Such approach in the management of interregional passenger transport can contribute to the quality improvement of interregional automobile transport services provided to the population. The results of statistical data processing of passengers' questionnaires are also given here. The transport quality indexes were quantified through the passengers' answers ranking, the evaluation of the interregional passenger automobile transport quality was carried out on the example of the Ulyanovsk State Technical University. © Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd

Методы синтеза металлаборанов с полиэдрическим остовом [MB9H9], где M = Ni, Pd

A new method of synthesis of polyhedral metallaboranes [ MB9 H9 ] ( M = Ni , Pd ) with an apical metal atom was suggested . The method consists in a reaction between ((C6H5)4P)2[B9H9] and different metal complexes of Ni(I), Ni(II) and Pd(II) both in organic solutions and in solid state with mechanical activation. The obtained metallaboranes were described with IR, NMR spectral data and elemental analysis.Предложен новый способ получения полиэдрических десятивершинных металлаборанов [ MB9 H9 ] ( M = Ni , Pd ) с атомом металла в апикальной позиции. В основе метода лежит взаимодействие (( C6 H5 )4 P )2[ B9 H9 ] с различными координационными соединениями Ni ( I ), Ni ( II ) и Pd ( II ) как в среде органических растворителей, так и твердофазное при механической активации. Полученные металлабораны охарактеризованы методами ИК, ЯМР спектроскопии, элементным анализом

Methods of synthesis of metallaboranes with polyhedral cage [MB₉H₉], M=Ni, Pd

A new method of synthesis of polyhedral metallaboranes [ MB9 H9 ] ( M = Ni , Pd ) with an apical metal atom was suggested . The method consists in a reaction between ((C6H5)4P)2[B9H9] and different metal complexes of Ni(I), Ni(II) and Pd(II) both in organic solutions and in solid state with mechanical activation. The obtained metallaboranes were described with IR, NMR spectral data and elemental analysis

Actuality of Studying the Steroid Profile of Saliva in the Planning of Dental Implantation

The aim of this review is to analyze the value of determining saliva steroid profile for diagnosis of various conditions and diseases. Steroid hormones, due to their high lipophilicity, quite easily pass from the blood to the saliva. Saliva steroids can reflect the concentration in plasma of a free fraction of hormones, that is, non-conjugated with proteins. During a systematic review of the literature, publications were considered in the electronic databases Google Scholar and PubMed, the main concept of which was to study the steroid profile of saliva and its diagnostic significance. 56 publications were initially studied, of which 39 were included in the review after analysis by exclusion criteria. The study of saliva steroid profile is an appropriate technique, which can confirm some diagnoses, such as Cushing’s syndrome. At the same time, it is necessary to keep in mind the limitations imposed by the saliva itself as a biomatrix due to the variability of its composition and cross sensitivity of components to certain reagents. © 202

Features of Dental Implantation in Patients with Type II Diabetes

The aim of this review article is to consider the features of dental implantation in type II diabetes mellitus. Diabetes mellitus is defined as a metabolic disorder of various etiologies, chronic hyperglycemia with impaired carbohydrate, fat, and protein metabolism as a result of defects in insulin secretion, the action of insulin, or both. A systematic review of the literature in the electronic databases Google Scholar and Pubmed was conducted. Articles concerning the features of dental implantation in type II diabetes mellitus and factors affecting the outcome of treatment are considered and included. Results: 120 articles were reviewed during the analyze. After making the selection based on the exclusion criteria, the number of included studies was 69. According to the studied publications, the main recommendations that must be followed to achieve successful osseointegration in type II diabetes were compiled. © 202

Specific visualization of tumor cells using upconversion nanophosphors

The development of targeted constructs on the basis of photoluminescent nanoparticles with a high photo- and chemical stability and absorption/emission spectra in the "transparency window" of biological tissues is an important focus area of present-day medical diagnostics. In this work, a targeted two-component construct on the basis of upconversion nanophosphors (UCNPs) and anti-tumor 4D5 scFv was developed for selective labeling of tumor cells overexpressing the HER2 tumor marker characteristic of a number of human malignant tumors. A high affinity barnase: barstar (Bn: Bs) protein pair, which exhibits high stability in a wide range of pH and temperatures, was exploited as a molecular adapter providing self-assembly of the two-component construct. High selectivity for the binding of the two-component 4D5 scFv-Bn: UCNP-Bs construct to human breast adenocarcinoma SK-BR-3 cells overexpressing HER2 was demonstrated. This approach provides an opportunity to produce similar constructs for the visualization of different specific markers in pathogenic tissues, including malignant tumors.6 page(s

Submicron polyacrolein particles in situ embedded with upconversion nanoparticles for bioassay

We report a new surface modification approach of upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) structured as inorganic hosts NaYF₄ codoped with Yb³⁺ and Er³⁺ based on their encapsulation in a two-stage process of precipitation polymerization of acrolein under alkaline conditions in the presence of UCNPs. The use of tetramethylammonium hydroxide both as an initiator of acrolein polymerization and as an agent for UCNP hydrophilization made it possible to increase the polyacrolein yield up to 90%. This approach enabled the facile, lossless embedment of UCNPs into the polymer particles suitable for bioassay. These particles are readily dispersible in aqueous and physiological buffers, exhibiting excellent photoluminescence properties, chemical stability, and also allow the control of particle diameters. The feasibility of the as-produced photoluminescent polymer particles mean-sized 260 nm for in vivo optical whole-animal imaging was also demonstrated using a home-built epi-luminescence imaging system.9 page(s

Riboflavin photoactivation by upconversion nanoparticles for cancer treatment

Riboflavin (Rf) is a vitamin and endogenous photosensitizer capable to generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) under UV-blue irradiation and kill cancer cells, which are characterized by the enhanced uptake of Rf. We confirmed its phototoxicity on human breast adenocarcinoma cells SK-BR-3 preincubated with 30-μM Rf and irradiated with ultraviolet light, and proved that such Rf concentrations (60 μM) are attainable in vivo in tumour site by systemic intravascular injection. In order to extend the Rf photosensitization depth in cancer tissue to 6 mm in depth, we purpose-designed core/shell upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs, NaYF₄:Yb³⁺:Tm³⁺/NaYF₄) capable to convert 2% of the deeply-penetrating excitation at 975 nm to ultraviolet-blue power. This power was expended to photosensitise Rf and kill SK-BR-3 cells preincubated with UCNPs and Rf, where the UCNP-Rf energy transfer was photon-mediated with ~14% Förster process contribution. SK-BR-3 xenograft regression in mice was observed for 50 days, following the Rf-UCNPs peritumoural injection and near-infrared light photodynamic treatment of the lesions.9 page(s

The Ability of Acid-Based Natural Deep Eutectic Solvents to Co-Extract Elements from the Roots of <i>Glycyrrhiza glabra</i> L. and Associated Health Risks

The roots of licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra L.) have been widely used in traditional and officinal medicines for the treatment of different diseases. Natural deep eutectic solvents (NADES) have become popular for the extraction of active principles from medicinal plants. However, the ability of NADES to co-extract trace elements during the isolation of target active compounds is rarely investigated. The aim of this study was to analyze the content of trace elements in acid-based NADES extracts from the roots of G. glabra and the health risks associated with them. In this study, we have tested for the first time the ability of several acid-based NADES to co-extract glycyrrhizic acid (GA) and trace elements from the roots of G. glabra. GA has been identified as the dominant phytochemical in G. glabra NADES extracts (0.145–0.495 mg/g). Due to the close pKa of lactic acid and GA, the yield of GA in lactic acid-based NADES was higher in comparison with other tested NADES. The yield of GA in NADES3-NADES5 was statistically significant and surpassed the yield of GA in water. The recovery of all elements (except Li) by all tested NADES was low (less than 6%). According to an ANOVA test, the hydrogen bond donor type plays a decisive role in the extraction of elements. A strong positive correlation between the recovery of GA and MPI was noted. The metal pollution index, hazard quotient, hazard index, and chronic daily intake were calculated and suggest that all tested NADES extracts of G. glabra roots were nontoxic and possess no health risk for both ingestion and topical application