Synthesis and Anticancer Activity of 4β-Triazole-podophyllotoxin Glycosides

AbstractThe objective of present study was to investigate the effect of various sounds on the green mustard’s (Brassica Juncea) morphology characteristic and productivity. The plant has been subjected to three various sound, namely classical music (rhythmic violin music), machine and traffic noise, and mixed sound (classical music and traffic noise) with 70-75 dB sound pressure level, from germination to harvest for three hours (7-10 am.) each day. Six parameters, i.e. germination, plant height, leaf width, leaf lenght, total plant lenght, and fresh weight, related with growth and productivity of plant were been monitored on regular basis.The results showed classical music improves germination up to 15% for 36 hours, plant height 13,5%, leaf width 14,8%, leaf length 14,2%, and wet weight 57,1%. In general, exposure to classical music gives thebest results on the morphological characteristics and productivity of green mustard.Keywords: Sound exposure, plant morphology , productivity, green mustardAbstrakPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk menginvestigasi efek paparan variasi suara terhadap karakteristik morfologi dan produktivitas tanaman sawi hijau. suara yang dipaparkan antara lain musik klasik (suara biola), bising lalu lintas dan mesin industri (noise) dan campuran antara musik klasik dan noise. Level suara yang digunakan berkisar antara 70-75 dB dimulai sejak masa perkecambahan hingga panen selama 3 jam tiap harinya dimulai pukul 07.00-10.00. Enam parameter yang diamati dan diambil datanya meliputi, daya berkecambah, tinggi tanaman, lebar daun, panjang daun, panjang tanaman total dan berat basah. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa musik klasik meningkatkan daya berkecambah sebesar 15%, tinggi tanaman sebesar 13,5%, lebar daun sebesar 14,8%, panjang daun sebesar 14,2%, dan berat basah sebesar 57,1%. Secara umum paparan musik klasik memberikan hasil terbaik terhadap karakteristik morfologi dan produktivitas sawi hijau.Kata kunci: Paparan suara, morfologi, produktivitas, sawi hijauDiterima: 21 Oktober 2013;Disetujui: 28 Januari 201

LO-Det: Lightweight Oriented Object Detection in Remote Sensing Images

A few lightweight convolutional neural network (CNN) models have been recently designed for remote sensing object detection (RSOD). However, most of them simply replace vanilla convolutions with stacked separable convolutions, which may not be efficient due to a lot of precision losses and may not be able to detect oriented bounding boxes (OBB). Also, the existing OBB detection methods are difficult to constrain the shape of objects predicted by CNNs accurately. In this paper, we propose an effective lightweight oriented object detector (LO-Det). Specifically, a channel separation-aggregation (CSA) structure is designed to simplify the complexity of stacked separable convolutions, and a dynamic receptive field (DRF) mechanism is developed to maintain high accuracy by customizing the convolution kernel and its perception range dynamically when reducing the network complexity. The CSA-DRF component optimizes efficiency while maintaining high accuracy. Then, a diagonal support constraint head (DSC-Head) component is designed to detect OBBs and constrain their shapes more accurately and stably. Extensive experiments on public datasets demonstrate that the proposed LO-Det can run very fast even on embedded devices with the competitive accuracy of detecting oriented objects.Comment: 15 page

Entanglement filter with Rydberg atoms

Devices capable of deterministically manipulating the photonic entanglement are of paramount importance, since photons are the ideal messengers for quantum information. Here, we report a Rydberg-atom-based entanglement filter that preserves the desired photonic entangled state and deterministically blocks the transmission of the unwanted ones. Photonic entanglement with near-unity fidelity can be extracted from an input state with an arbitrarily low initial fidelity. The protocol is inherently robust, and succeeds both in the Rydberg blockade regime and in the interaction-induced dissipation regime. Such an entanglement filter opens new routes toward scalable photonic quantum information processing with multiple ensembles of Rydberg atoms.Comment: 10 pages for manuscript with 4 figures, 16 pages for Supplementary information with 7 figures and 2 table

Ethyl 2-diethyl­amino-4-oxo-3,5-diphenyl-4,5-dihydro-3H-pyrrolo­[3,2-d]pyrimidine-7-carboxyl­ate

In the title compound, C25H26N4O3, the two fused pyrrolo­[3,2-d]pyrimidine rings form a dihedral angle of 3.7 (2)°. The two substituent phenyl rings are twisted with respect to the pyrrole and pyrimidine rings, making dihedral angles of 57.2 (2) and 69.0 (2)°, respectively. The ethyl and eth­oxy groups are disordered over two positions; the site occupancies are 0.53 (1) and 0.47 (1) for ethyl, and 0.63 (1) and 0.37 (1) for eth­oxy. The crystal packing features C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds

Enhanced surface acceleration of fast electrons by using sub-wavelength grating targets

Surface acceleration of fast electrons in intense laser-plasma interaction is improved by using sub-wavelength grating targets. The fast electron beam emitted along the target surface was enhanced by more than three times relative to that by using planar target. The total number of the fast electrons ejected from the front side of target was also increased by about one time. The method to enhance the surface acceleration of fast electron is effective for various targets with sub-wavelength structured surface, and can be applied widely in the cone-guided fast ignition, energetic ion acceleration, plasma device, and other high energy density physics experiments.Comment: 14 pages, 4figure

Trade-Offs between the Metabolic Rate and Population Density of Plants

The energetic equivalence rule, which is based on a combination of metabolic theory and the self-thinning rule, is one of the fundamental laws of nature. However, there is a progressively increasing body of evidence that scaling relationships of metabolic rate vs. body mass and population density vs. body mass are variable and deviate from their respective theoretical values of 3/4 and −3/4 or −2/3. These findings questioned the previous hypotheses of energetic equivalence rule in plants. Here we examined the allometric relationships between photosynthetic mass (Mp) or leaf mass (ML) vs. body mass (β); population density vs. body mass (δ); and leaf mass vs. population density, for desert shrubs, trees, and herbaceous plants, respectively. As expected, the allometric relationships for both photosynthetic mass (i.e. metabolic rate) and population density varied with the environmental conditions. However, the ratio between the two exponents was −1 (i.e. β/δ = −1) and followed the trade-off principle when local resources were limited. Our results demonstrate for the first time that the energetic equivalence rule of plants is based on trade-offs between the variable metabolic rate and population density rather than their constant allometric exponents

Effect of Corilagin on the Proliferation and NF- κ

Background. This study is to explore the effect of corilagin on the proliferation and NF-κB signaling pathway in U251 glioblastoma cells and U251 glioblastoma stem-like cells. Methods. CD133 positive U251 glioblastoma cells were separated by immunomagnetic beads to isolate glioblastoma stem-like cells. U251 cells and stem-like cells were intervened by different corilagin concentrations (0, 25, 50, and 100 μg/mL) for 48 h, respectively. Cell morphology, cell counting kit-8 assay, flow cytometry, dual luciferase reporter assay, and a western blot were used to detect and analyze the cell proliferation and cell cycle and investigate the expression of IKBα protein in cytoplasm and NF-κB/p65 in nucleus. Results. Corilagin inhibited the cell proliferation of U251 cells and their stem-like cells and the inhibition role was stronger in U251 stem-like cells (P<0.05). The cell cycle was arrested at G2/M phase in the U251 cells following corilagin intervention; the proportion of cells in G2/M phase increased as the concentration of corilagin increased (P<0.05). The U251 stem-like cells were arrested at the S phase following treatment with corilagin; the proportion of cells in the S phase increased as the concentration of corilagin increased (P<0.05). The ratio of dual luciferase activities of U251 stem-like cells was lower than that of U251 cells in the same corilagin concentration. With increasing concentrations of corilagin, the IKBα expression in cytoplasm of U251 cells and U251 stem-like cells was increased, but the p65 expression in nucleus of U251 cells and U251 stem-like cells was decreased (P<0.05). Conclusion. Corilagin can inhibit the proliferation of glioblastoma cells and glioblastoma stem-like cells; the inhibition on glioblastoma stem-like cell proliferation is stronger than glioblastoma cells. This different result indicates that the effect of corilagin on U251 cells and U251 stem-like cells may have close relationships with mechanism of cell cycle and NF-κB signaling pathway; however, the real antitumor mechanism of corilagin is not yet clear and requires further study

PSMD10/gankyrin induces autophagy to promote tumor progression through cytoplasmic interaction with ATG7 and nuclear transactivation of ATG7 expression.

Although autophagy is most critical for survival of cancer cells, especially in fast-growing tumors, the mechanism remains to be fully characterized. Herein we report that PSMD10/gankyrin promotes autophagy in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in response to starvation or stress through 2&nbsp;complementary routes. PSMD10 was physically associated with ATG7 in the cytoplasm, and this association was enhanced by initial nutrient deprivation. Subsequently, PSMD10 translocated into the nucleus and bound cooperatively with nuclear HSF1 (heat shock transcription factor 1) onto the ATG7 promoter, upregulated ATG7 expression in the advanced stage of starvation. Intriguingly, the type of PSMD10-mediated autophagy was independent of the proteasome system, although PSMD10 has been believed to be an indispensable chaperone for assembly of the 26S proteasome. A significant correlation between PSMD10 expression and ATG7 levels was detected in human HCC biopsies, and the combination of these 2&nbsp;parameters is a powerful predictor of poor prognosis. The median survival of sorafenib-treated HCC patients with high expression of PSMD10 was much shorter than those with low expression of PSMD10. Furthermore, PSMD10 augmented autophagic flux to resist sorafenib or conventional chemotherapy, and inhibition of autophagy suppressed PSMD10-mediated resistance. We conclude that these results present a novel mechanism involving modulation of ATG7 by PSMD10 in sustaining autophagy, promoting HCC cell survival against starvation or chemotherapy. Targeting of PSMD10 might therefore be an attractive strategy in HCC treatment by suppressing autophagy and inducing HCC cell sensitivity to drugs

Effects of ATPM-ET, a novel κ agonist with partial μ activity, on physical dependence and behavior sensitization in mice

Aim: To investigate the effects of ATPM-ET [(−)-3-N-Ethylaminothiazolo [5,4-b]-N-cyclopropylmethylmorphinan hydrochloride] on physical dependence and behavioral sensitization to morphine in mice. Methods: The pharmacological profile of ATPM-ET was characterized using competitive binding and GTPγS binding assays. We then examined the antinociceptive effects of ATPM-ET in the hot plate test. Morphine dependence assay and behavioral sensitization assay were used to determine the effect of ATPM-ET on physical dependence and behavior sensitization to morphine in mice. Results: The binding assay indicated that ATPM-ET ATPM-ET exhibited a high affinity to both κ- and μ-opioid receptors with Ki values of 0.15 nmol/L and 4.7 nmol/L, respectively, indicating it was a full κ-opioid receptor agonist and a partial μ-opioid receptor agonist. In the hot plate test, ATPM-ET produced a dose-dependent antinociceptive effect, with an ED50 value of 2.68 (2.34–3.07) mg/kg. Administration of ATPM-ET (1 and 2 mg/kg, sc) prior to naloxone (3.0 mg/kg, sc) injection significantly inhibited withdrawal jumping of mice. In addition, ATPM-ET (1 and 2 mg/kg, sc) also showed a trend toward decreasing morphine withdrawal-induced weight loss. ATPM-ET (1.5 and 3 mg/kg, sc) 15 min before the morphine challenge significantly inhibited the morphine-induced behavior sensitization (P<0.05). Conclusion: ATPM-ET may have potential as a therapeutic agent for the treatment of drug abuse

Ultrafast dynamics of wavelength-sensitive magnons in unconventional compensated semiconducting antiferromagnet

Antiferromagnet is a promising candidate for the next generation spintronic devices, benefiting from its ultrafast dynamics and spontaneous zero stray field. However, the understanding of their ultrafast spin behaviors is lacking due to the challenges of controlling/detecting the quenched net magnetization. Unconventional compensated semiconducting antiferromagnets present strong time-reversal symmetry breaking, spin splitting in the momentum space, and suitable bandgap for optical control/detection. Thus, it is a powerful platform to uncover the ultrafast dynamics of antiferromagnets. Here, we show an exotic wavelength-dependent spin dynamic in the unconventional compensated semiconducting antiferromagnet {\alpha}-MnTe via time-resolved quadratic magneto-optical Kerr effect measurement, where the probing photon energy of the laser matches its bandgap. This direct excitation and detection of distinct magnon modes reveal varying spin behaviors and time characteristics in a broad temperature range. It originates from the spins triggered at different bands of electronic structures and is depicted in an energy transfer model among electrons, phonons, and magnons. Our study of exotic optical properties in this unconventional semiconducting antiferromagnet fulfills the missing information of spin evolution in the time domain and paves the way for its utilization in ultrafast spintronic devices