Effects of temperature on the development of Stenoma impressella (Lepidoptera: Elachistidae) on oil palm in Colombia

Stenoma impressella Busck (Lepidoptera: Elachistidae) is an important oil palm pest and its life history and life table parameters were studied at various temperatures, from 16 °C to 40 °C. Females and males developed successfully into adults between 20 °C and 36 °C. However, no eggs were found at 10 °C and all the adults died after exposure to 40 °C. The developmental time from egg to adult was higher (170.5 days) at 15 °C and lower (76.6 days) at 35 °C. Therefore, temperature has a strong effect on the development of S. impressella from 15 °C to 35 °C. The reproductive period varied between 15–35 °C with 6.82 to 3.24 days for pre-oviposition, 17.5 to 4.89 days for oviposition, and 5.29 to 0.82 days for the postoviposition period. Female longevity was longer than that of the male, at all temperatures. The population growth parameters of S. impressella net reproductive rate (R0), intrinsic rate increase (rm), finite increase rate (λ), mean generation time (T) and doubling time (D) were significantly affected by temperature. Temperature affects S. impressella populations by reducing or increasing their possible occurrence in the palm trees. The effect of temperature on the development, survival and reproduction of S. impressella can be useful for predicting its long-term population fluctuation as an invasive pest of oil palm plantations.Stenoma impressella Busck (Lepidoptera: Elachistidae) es una plaga importante de la palma de aceite y los parámetros de historia de vida y tabla de vida fueron estudiados a diferentes temperaturas desde 16 °C hasta 40 °C. Las hembras y los machos se desarrollaron exitosamente hasta adultos entre 20 °C y 36 °C. Sin embargo, no se encontraron huevos a 10 °C y todos los adultos murieron después de ser expuestos a 40 °C. El tiempo de desarrollo de huevo hasta adulto fue mayor a 15 °C (170.5 días) y menor a 35 °C (76.6 días). Además, la temperatura tiene un fuerte efecto en la supervivencia de S. impressella desde 15 °C hasta 35 °C. El período de reproducción varía entre 15–35 °C con 6.82–3.24 días para la pre-ovoposición, 17.5–4.89 días para la ovoposición y 5.29–0.82 días para la post-ovoposición. La longevidad de la hembra duró más que la del macho, en todas las temperaturas. Los parámetros de crecimiento de la población de S. impressella como la tasa reproductiva neta (R0), tasa intrínseca de incremento natural (rm), tasa de incremento finito (λ), tiempo medio generacional (T) y tiempo de duplicación (D) fueron afectados significativamente por la temperatura. La temperatura afecta las poblaciones de S. impressella, reduciendo o aumentando su posible presencia en las palmas. El efecto de la temperatura sobre el desarrollo, supervivencia y reproducción de S. impressella puede ser útil para predecir su fluctuación poblacional a largo plazo como plaga invasora en plantaciones de palma de aceite

Lasioderma serricorne (Coleoptera: Anobiidae): first record in dehydrated bee pollen in Sergipe State, Brazil

Bee pollen, which is the material that adheres to honeybees as they collect nectar from flowers, is agglutinated into balls with nectar and bee saliva substances and is important to the survival of colonies of these insects. Damage to bee pollen stored at 10% RH was found in samples collected in Sergipe State, Brazil. Insects found in the pollen were identified as Lasioderma serricorne (Fabricius, 1792) (Coleoptera: Anobiidae), a cosmopolitan insect and one of the main insects infesting tobacco and many stored food products. This is the first record of damage by this insect in dehydrated pollen balls, which makes this product unfit for human consumption

Occurrence of Tropidacris collaris (Orthoptera: Acridoidea: Romaleidae) damaging Casuarina glauca (Casuarinaceae) plantsin the municipality of central Bahia, Brazil

Severe damage to Casuarina glauca trees (Sieb. ex. Spreng, 1826) (Fagales: Casuarinaceae), observed in the municipality of Central, Bahia State, Brazil, was caused by nymphs and adults of the grasshopper, Tropidacris collaris (Stoll, 1813) (Orthoptera, Acridoidea; Romaleidae). Tropidacris collaris grasshoppers were found on 100% of the C. glauca trees. These trees were defoliated from the bottom upwards to the apex, and the majority (86%) had up to 50% of canopy damaged. This is the first record of T. collaris attacking C. glauca in Brazil.Danos às plantas Casuarina glauca (Sieb. ex Spreng, 1826.) (Fagales: Casuarinaceae) foram observados no município de Central, Bahia, Brasil causada por ninfas e adultos do gafanhoto Tropidacris collaris (Stoll, 1813) (Orthoptera, Acridoidea: Romaleidae). Gafanhotos foram encontrados em 100% das plantas que causam danos a partir da base para o ápice e, até 50% das copas de 86% das árvores desfolhadas. Este é o primeiro registro de T. collaris atacando C. glauca no Brasil

Mortalidade por tuberculose e indicadores sociais no município do Rio de Janeiro Tuberculosis mortality and social indicatory in Rio de Janeiro city

Este artigo estuda a mortalidade por tuberculose no município do Rio de Janeiro ocorrida no ano de 1991 em comparação com indicadores sociais. Utilizou-se o software SPSS 8.0 - 1997 na análise estatística dos dados, que mostrou a existência de correlação entre a maioria dos indicadores socioeconômicos estudados e o coeficiente de mortalidade por tuberculose por 100 mil habitantes/ano. Apresentaram correlação significativa e direta os indicadores: índice de Robin Hood, razão de renda entre os 10% mais ricos e os 40% mais pobres e proporção de chefes de família com renda média entre um e dois salários mínimos. A correlação foi inversa e significativa com os indicadores: proporção de residentes com mais de 10 anos com curso superior, área média por domicílio, número de cômodos por domicílio, renda média em salários mínimos, e proporção de chefes de família com rendas entre 10-15, 16-20 e acima de 20 salários mínimos. Para a apresentação destes indicadores usou-se mapas do município, categorizados e distribuídos por Regiões Administrativas, revelando distintos Rios de Janeiro, quando este é visto sob o ângulo social: da doença, ou de vários outros indicadores.<br>Regional tuberculosis mortality levels and their Rio de Janeiro City principals social indicatories at year 1991 have been compared in this study. Software SPSS 8.0 - 1997 was applied on making statistical data analysis, and have disclosed a present correlation among most indicative socioeconomics trends and the annual tuberculosis mortality coeficient/100 thousand inhabitants. Others social indicatives than Robin Hood index, 10% more rich to 40% more poor reason, head of family proportion wich 1-2 minimum wage monthly gain, disclosed imediate and significative statistical assurance level. In reverse and significative statistical assurance level, resident proportion with more 10 years old that have superior course, house área average, room average from house, minimum wage average from head family and head family proportion with have 10-15, 16-20 and 20 or more minimum wage gain. The class distribution of this indicative and its presentation in a Municipal maps, for Administratives Regions, disclose multiple Rio de Janeiro existense when we looks them by a social perspective: of the disease focus or others indicative