22 research outputs found

    Characterization of Maladaptive Processes in Acute, Chronic and Remission Phases of Experimental Colitis in C57BL/6 Mice

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    Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic recurrent inflammatory disease with unknown etiology. Dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) induced colitis is a widely used mouse model in IBD research. DSS colitis involves activation of the submucosal immune system and can be used to study IBD-like disease characteristics in acute, chronic, remission and transition phases. Insight into colon inflammatory parameters is needed to understand potentially irreversible adaptations to the chronification of colitis, determining the baseline and impact of further inflammatory episodes. We performed analyses of non-invasive and invasive colitis parameters in acute, chronic and remission phases of the DSS colitis in C57BL/6 mice. Non-invasive colitis parameters poorly reflected inflammatory aspects of colitis in chronic remission phase. We found invasive inflammatory parameters, positively linked to repeated DSS-episodes, such as specific colon weight, inflamed colon area, spleen weight, absolute cell numbers of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells as well as B cells, blood IFN-γ level, colonic chemokines BLC and MDC as well as the prevalence of Turicibacter species in feces. Moreover, microbial Lactobacillus species decreased with chronification of disease. Our data point out indicative parameters of recurrent gut inflammation in context of DSS colitis

    PI(18:1/18:1) is a SCD1-derived lipokine that limits stress signaling

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    Cytotoxic stress activates stress-activated kinases, initiates adaptive mechanisms, including the unfolded protein response (UPR) and autophagy, and induces programmed cell death. Fatty acid unsaturation, controlled by stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD)1, prevents cytotoxic stress but the mechanisms are diffuse. Here, we show that 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1’-myo-inositol) [PI(18:1/18:1)] is a SCD1-derived signaling lipid, which inhibits p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase activation, counteracts UPR, endoplasmic reticulum-associated protein degradation, and apoptosis, regulates autophagy, and maintains cell morphology and proliferation. SCD1 expression and the cellular PI(18:1/18:1) proportion decrease during the onset of cell death, thereby repressing protein phosphatase 2 A and enhancing stress signaling. This counter-regulation applies to mechanistically diverse death-inducing conditions and is found in multiple human and mouse cell lines and tissues of Scd1-defective mice. PI(18:1/18:1) ratios reflect stress tolerance in tumorigenesis, chemoresistance, infection, high-fat diet, and immune aging. Together, PI(18:1/18:1) is a lipokine that links fatty acid unsaturation with stress responses, and its depletion evokes stress signaling

    Determination of breast cancer risk level in women 18 years of age or older

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    Amaç: Kanser dünyadaki ölüm sebepleri arasında önemli yere sahiptir. Dünyada ve ülkemizde de kadınlarda meme kanseri en sık görülen kanserdir. Bu nedenle çalışmamızda 18 yaş üstü kadınların meme kanseri risk faktörlerini belirleyip sosyodemo-grafik verilerle ilişkisini ve tanı araçları hakkındaki bilgi düzey-lerini değerlendirmeyi amaçladık.Yöntem: Bu çalışma 01.10.2018 – 31.12.2018 tarihlerinde Şişli Hamidiye Etfal Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi Aile Hekimliği Polikliniği’nde gerçekleştirildi. Yüz yüze görüşme ile hastalara tarafımızdan hazırlanan sosyodemografik faktörlerin yanı sıra, meme kanseri tanı araçları hakkında bilgilerinin sorgulandığı anket ve Meme Kanseri Risk Değerlendirme Formu uygulandı. İstatistiksel analizde SPSS 15.0 for Windows programı kullanıldı, anlamlılık seviyesi p<0,05 olarak kabul edildi.Bulgular: Çalışmaya katılan 300 gönüllünün yaş ortalaması 40,3±15,3(18-85) olarak saptandı. Katılımcıların meme kan-seri risk puan ortalamaları 146,5±63,9(50-580) olarak belirlen-di. Meme kanseri için, kadınların %91,3’ünün (n=274) düşük, %8,7’sinin (n=26) yüksek riske sahip olduğu bulundu. Meme kanseri risk grupları ile katılımcıların sosoyodemografik özel-likleri ve klinik durumları arasındaki ilişkiye bakıldığında; BKİ, medeni durum, menstürasyon başlama yaşı, ailede meme kanseri öyküsü ve kendinde kanser öyküsü olması arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı ilişki saptandı (sırasıyla p=0,014; p=0,007; p=0,01; p<0,001, p<0,001). Boşanmışlarda risk yüksekti. Ayrıca yaş art-tıkça ve ilk menstrüasyon yaşı azaldıkça risk puanı artmaktaydı. Meme kanseri tanı yöntemlerini bilme oranı 18-29 yaş grubunda düşük, 41-50 yaş grubunda yüksekti (p=0,009). Eğitim durumu lise ve üzerinde olanların, lise altı eğitim düzeyine sahip olanlara göre; ailesinde meme kanseri öyküsü olanlar olmayanlara göre ve doktor tarafından meme muayenesi yaptıranların yaptırma-yanlara göre meme kanseri tanı yöntemlerini bilme oranları anlam-lı olarak daha yüksekti (sırasıyla; p=0,03; p=0,012; p<0,001).Sonuç: Çalışma grubumuzda yaş, menstrüasyon başlama yaşı, ailede meme kanseri öyküsü ve kendinde kanser öyküsü olması meme kanseri riskini arttıran önemli faktörler olarak belirlendi.Objective: Cancer is one of the most important causes of morta-lity in the world. In our country and in the world, breast cancer is the most common cancer among women. In this study, we aimed to determine the risk factors of breast cancer in the population of women 18years of age or older, and evaluate their sociodemog-raphic features and their knowledge about the diagnostic methods wtih the risk factors we determined.Methods: This research was counducted in Şişli Hamidiye Etfal Training and Research Hospital Family Medicine Clinic between 01.10.2018 – 31.12.2018. Sociodemographic features, a question-naire about the diagnostic tools of breast cancer and “Breast Can-cer Risk Assessment Form” were asked to the volunteers during a face-to-face interview. The data were analyzed with SPSS 15.0 software programme, level of significance was taken as p<0.05.Results: Three hundred patients attended to our study. The ave-rage age was 40.3±15.3(18-85). The mean breast cancer risk score was 146.5±63.9(50-580). We found that, 91.3% (n=274) women had low risk, 8.7% (n=26) had high risk for breast cancer. We eva-luated the relationship between breast cancer, sociodemographic features and clinical status of participants and found that there was a statistically significant relationship with body mass index, marial status, first menstruation age, family history of breast cancer and a personal history of cancer (p=0.014; p=0.007; p=0.01; p=0<001; p<0.001 respectively). Divorced patients had high risk for breast cancer. In addition, as age increased and first menstruation age de-creased, the risk score decreased. The knowledge of the diagnostic methods of breast cancer among the age group of 18-29 was low but it was high in the age group of 41-50 (p=0.009). We found that among our participants, having high school education or higher, having a history of breast cancer in their family and having breast examination by a doctor correlated with significantly higher level of knowledge about diagnostic methods for breast cancer (p=0.03; p<0.012; p<0.001 respectively).Conclusion: Age, first menstruation age, family history of breast cancer and personal history of cancer were identified as important risk factors that increase the risk of breast cancer in our study

    Outcomes of Fecal Carriage of Extended-spectrum beta-Lactamase After Transrectal Ultrasound-guided Biopsy of the Prostate

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    OBJECTIVE To determine the prevalence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Enterobacteriaceae (PE) fecal carriage in patients that undergo transrectal ultrasonography-guided biopsy (TRUSbx) and its relationship with post-biopsy infections. METHODS A prospective clinical study in 4 different tertiary hospitals between 2008 and 2010 was conducted. Four hundred men with sterile urine who were to undergo a TRUSbx because of the suspicion of prostate cancer were included and followed for 14 days after biopsy. Rectal swab culture specimens were acquired immediately before the procedure. Demographic data, prophylaxis choice, quinolone or any other antibiotic consumption within the past 2 months, history of prostatitis, repeat biopsy, intensive care unit admission, hospitalization, urethral catheterization, diabetes mellitus (DM), and steroid usage were recorded. RESULTS ESBL carriage was detected in 19% of patients and quinolone use within the last 2 months; other antibiotic use within the last 2 months and DM were found to be significantly associated (P < .05). Symptomatic urinary tract infection (UTI) on the third day after biopsy was seen in 9% of patients and was associated with fluoroquinolone (FQ) consumption before biopsy. Although ESBL-PE carriage was associated with post-biopsy UTI symptoms, it was not found to be associated with post-biopsy symptomatic UTI. Urosepsis was seen in 2 patients (0.5%) after biopsy, and both the patients were ESBL-PE carriers. CONCLUSION The presence of ESBL-PE was associated with DM and FQ consumption before biopsy. ESBL-PE carriage was associated with a high rate of post-biopsy UTI symptoms requiring further elucidation; however, it was not associated with microbiologically proven infections. FQ consumption before TRUSbx was also associated with post-biopsy infections. (C) 2014 Elsevier Inc
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