The influence of auditory cues on visual spatial perception

Traditional psychophysical studies have been primarily unimodal experiments due to the ease in which a single sense can be isolated in a laboratory setting. This study, however, presents participants with auditory and visual stimuli to better understand the interaction of the two senses in visuospatial perception. Visual stimuli, presented as Gaussian distributed blobs, moved laterally across a computer monitor to a central location and bounced back to their starting position. During this passage across the screen, a brief auditory click was presented via headphones. Participants were asked to respond to the bounce of the ball, and response latency was recorded. Response latency to the bounce position varied as a function of baseline (no sound) and the varying sound offset locations

Predictions for the 4 GeV TJNAF inclusive electron scattering experiment and for FSI effects in EMC ratios

We express nuclear structure functions $F_i^A$ as generalized convolutions of the structure function of a nucleon and of a nucleus, composed of point-nucleons. In computations of the latter we include Final State Interactions and results for $F_2^A$ are compared with a few directly measured data on C and Fe. The above $F_i^A$ are primarily used for predictions of the TJNAF 89-008 inclusive scattering experiment of 4 GeV electrons on various targets. Those cover a broad angular, and correspondingly wide $x,Q^2$ range, where the nucleon-inelastic part dominates large sections of the covered kinematics. The same model has been applied to the study of hitherto neglected Final State Interaction effects in the nuclear component in EMC ratios in the region $0.85\lesssim x\lesssim 0.25$.Comment: 12 page

Mayday, Mayday, Mayday: Using salivary cortisol to detect distress (and eustress!) in critical incident training

The understanding of stress and its impact on human performance is crucial to mitigate human error in the face of a threat. This is especially the case for critical incidents on a ship bridge, where human error can easily lead to severe danger for crew, cargo, and other vessels. To overcome the current limitations of robust objective stress measures that reliably detect (di-)stress under highly noisy conditions, we set out to explore whether salivary cortisol – the stress biomarker in medicine and psychology – is a valuable complementary assessment tool in a high-stress/emergency context. In a controlled within-subjects experiment (N = 12) using a ship bridge simulator, we measured stress levels under three conditions (80 min each): baseline, low stress (open water navigation task in autopilot), and high stress (open water emergency scenario). We sampled salivary cortisol at 10 min intervals in conjunction with heart rate (variability) monitoring, and subjective stress assessments from both participants and expert evaluators. Results validate salivary cortisol as a successful tool for detecting distress. Unlike the other stress measures, salivary cortisol strongly correlated with expert stress assessments (r = 0.856) and overt stress behavior like instances of freezing and missing response cues. Surprisingly, data further revealed decreased salivary cortisol across periods of self-assessed improved performance (i.e., eustress). In fact, data suggests an inverted u-relationship between performance and salivary cortisol. The findings have direct implications for the vast field of emergency training, and serve as a first important validation and benchmark to proceed with real life applications.publishedVersion© 2020 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)

Results of the Cooperative Uniform Soybean Tests, 1945. Part I. North Central States

United States Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Administration Bureau of Plant Industry, Soils, and Agricultural Engineering, Division of Forage Crops and Diseases Cooperating with State Agricultural Experiment Station

Results of the Cooperative Uniform Soybean Tests, 1946 Part I. North Central States

United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Administration; Bureau of Plant Industry, Soils, and Agricultural Engineering, Division of Forage Crops and Diseases Cooperating with State Agricultural Experiment Station

The rise and fall of the cellist-composer of the nineteenth century: A comprehensive study of the life and works of Georg Goltermann including a complete catalog of his cello compositions

In the late eighteenth century the violoncello began its ascent toward acceptance as a solo, virtuosic instrument equal to the violin. Much of this ascent was due to the tradition of cellist-composers: virtuoso performers who composed works for the cello that served to showcase the versatility of the instrument. These cellist-composers built a repertoire for the instrument, and without their influence, modern cello performance and pedagogy would not be the same. However, these great artists are mostly forgotten because their music has fallen out of style. Yet the pieces they wrote, both original and transcribed, provided generations of cellists with guides to technique and musicality that are missing today. It is important that cellists, both as performers and teachers strive to reintroduce these works into the studios and recital halls so that cellists of all levels can continue to build upon a tradition that created the field to which they aspire. The purpose of this treatise is to highlight the works of one of the preeminent cellist-composers, Georg Goltermann. The processes used will firstly be an in-depth study of his life and secondly, the creation of an annotated bibliography of his cello works, including all pertinent publication and location information. The goal of this research is to create a catalog of Georg Goltermann's works and an easy-to-use resource for cellists. Through this guide, both teachers and performers alike can familiarize themselves with the entirety of the works of Georg Goltermann and thus expand the repertoire available to teachers seeking to guide cellists of all ability levels toward a more virtuosic technique and musicality. After a brief introduction, Chapter Two will discuss the rise of the cellist-composer in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. This overview will lead to a discussion in Chapter Three concerning the development of the modern bow and violoncello as well as progress in score-writing consistency. Finally, Chapter Four will finish the historical discussion on cellist-composers with a look at how the cellist-composer lost fame and importance and diminished into a forgotten field. Chapter Five will delve into the life of Georg Goltermann with a discussion of his life, his works and his legacy. Chapter Six will conclude the main text of the treatise with an assessment of the life and works of Georg Goltermann, and their importance today. After the conclusion, two catalogs are attached to this treatise. The first is an annotated bibliography of the violoncello works of Georg Goltermann, and the second, is a complete works list. The annotated bibliography lists all of Georg Goltermann's works that include violoncello either in a solo or accompanimental role. The bibliography is listed by opus number and contains the work title, key, movement titles, instrumentation, publication information and where the scores can be found today. After the main annotated bibliography, the author has included two bibliographies of Goltermann's cello works organized by instrumentation and by genre. The complete works list is self-explanatory, but gives the reader a larger picture of Goltermann's compositional output

AUDITORY CUES AND RESPONSE MODES MEDIATE PERIPHERAL VISUAL MISLOCALIZATION

The current study investigates the influence of auditory cues on the localization of briefly presented peripheral visual stimuli. Because the brief presentation of peripheral visual stimuli often leads to mislocalization (Binda, Morrone, & Burr, 2010; Bocianski, Musseler, & Erlhagen, 2008; Musseler, Heijden, Mahmud, Dubel, & Ertsey, 1999) these types of stimuli are the most commonly studied and represent the basis of the current study. Musseler et al. (1999) found that peripheral mislocalization toward the fovea occurred during asynchronous presentations of a pair of visual stimuli in retinal periphery, but not during synchronous presentations of stimuli. The current project is an investigation of how sound influences mislocalization of briefly presented peripheral stimuli. If the mechanism of mislocalization is an increased variability of responses when the peripheral stimuli are presented asynchronously, could sound reduce the variability of localization judgments and thus, reduce or eliminate the mislocalization effect? Does sound influence peripheral mislocalization in some other way? This study found that during a relative judgment task, a brief, laterally presented sound leads to mislocalization of a target stimulus toward the direction of the sound (Experiment 1). During an absolute judgment task, however, the influence of the brief, laterally presented sound no longer evokes mislocalization in the direction of the sound. Rather, stimulus onset asynchrony elicits mislocalization similar to the results of Musseler et al. (Experiment 2). When a dynamic sound stimulus occurs prior to the onset of the target stimulus during an absolute judgment task, however, sound idiosyncratically influences the localization of a target stimulus toward the onset of the sound stimulus or direction of the apparent motion of the sound stimulus (Experiment 3)