Teaching basic life support to the digital generation: randomized trial comparing videoassisted versus practical simulation

• Simulation is a teaching method used to facilitate learning of Basic life support and Defibrillation (BlsD) techniques. This study explored the potential of two ways of teaching BlsD techniques in order to understand which one could be the best between Low- Fidelity Simulation and Moderate-Fidelity Simulation. • A sample (n = 127) of nursing students was selected for this two group pre- post- test conveniently randomized design with 4-month follow up to compare two methods of simulation teaching. • Students were allocated to Low-Fidelity (LF) (n = 64) and Moderate-Fidelity (MF) (n = 63) simulation teaching. Early evaluation immediate post intervention demonstrated an increase of knowledge in each group (LF mean pre test score = 44, immediate post test score = 62.18, MF mean pre test score = 42, immediate post test mean score = 62.18). Post-test 2 (4 months later) showed that there are no significant differences between the two groups in terms of knowledge retention (LF mean score = 65.81, MF mean score = 61.45. p = 0.721). • Despite the limit of small sample size, the study showed that the two teaching methods are equally effective in acquisition and retention of information on BlsD techniques. However the lowfidelity method was more efficient and less resource intensive

The diversity of emergency code telephone numbers in Australian hospitals: the feasibility of an Australian standard emergency code

This study explored the diversity of emergency code telephone numbers currently in use in Australian hospitals and examined the feasibility of a standard emergency code telephone number for all Australian hospitals, based on the United Kingdom experience. An email and telephone convenience survey of Australian hospitals from six states and two territories was conducted. Of the 108 hospitals surveyed, seven did not use a telephone number system and used a button/ pager system to call an emergency. Of the 101 hospitals surveyed that used a telephone number system, 40 different emergency telephone numbers were in place, and in nine hospitals the telephone number used for Code Blue (medical emergency) was different to the telephone number used for other emergency codes. With increasing mobility of staff across hospitals, uniformity of emergency code telephone numbers is required to reduce confusion, potential danger and improve staff response in emergency situations. A single Australian standard emergency telephone number for all Australian hospitals is advocated.<br /

International leadership in nursing

As the global community becomes overwhelmed by conflict, threat and scandal in many countries it is heartening to find that many of us can still find opportunity to give generously to the betterment of humanity.Recently we have both had our share of fun and excitement working and learning in various regions of the world, Ged in the Middle East and Africa and Wilson in the USA, The Netherlands and Brazil.We are often asked “how do you develop an international perspective”? The short answer is that it is an insidious accident sometimes, however like many things a deeper analysis reveals a journey that is often planned and other times blessed by unexpected surprises. However a sense of openness, generosity and adventure is always necessary to maximise every opportunity.Among other things, Ged allocated time to travel and to visit hospitals and nurses in other parts of Australia and the world, listening to people’s stories, dreams, and aspirations and providing reciprocal encouragement and fellowship, often through interpreters. (Rev Cuid 2013; 4(1):433-6)

COVID-19: O que aprendemos até agora

La enfermedad por coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) ha dominado casi todos los aspectos de la vida humana en el planeta Tierra desde que se descubrió por primera vez en Wuhan, provincia de Hubei, China, en diciembre de 20191. Una búsqueda rápida en Google de la expresión COVID-19 revela más de 3,22 billones de resultados. Para comprender la importancia de este tipo de virus, necesitamos conocer dos conceptos epidemiológicos extremadamente importantes: el número de reproducción básico (Ro) y el número de infección efectivo (R). Ro se usa para medir el potencial de transmisión de un virus. Este número es un promedio de la cantidad de personas a las que un paciente infectado puede transmitir el patógeno, suponiendo que las personas cercanas al paciente no sean inmunes a él. Ahora comprendamos R. Una población rara vez será completamente susceptible a la infección en el mundo real. Algunos contactos serán inmunes debido a una infección previa que confirió inmunidad o como resultado de una inmunización previa, por la acción de las vacunas. Por lo tanto, no todos los contactos se infectarán y el número promedio de casos secundarios por caso infeccioso será menor que Ro. En este cálculo, tenemos en cuenta a las personas susceptibles y no susceptibles. Con esta información presentada, podemos concluir que si el valor de R es &gt;1, el número de casos aumentará, comenzando una epidemia. Para que un virus deje de propagarse, R debe ser &lt;1. Para estimar R, multiplicamos el valor de Ro por la fracción susceptible de una población2. Como citar este artículo: Williams G, Cañon-Montañez W. COVID-19: Lo que hemos aprendido hasta ahora. Revista Cuidarte. 2020; 11(2): e1225. http://dx.doi.org/10.15649/cuidarte.1225 &nbsp;Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has dominated almost every aspect of human life on planet Earth since it was first discovered in Wuhan, Hubei province, China, in December 20191. A quick google search of the expression COVID-19 reveals more than 3.22 billion results. In order to understand the importance of this type of virus, we need to carry out two extremely important epidemiological issues: the basic reproduction number (Ro) and the effective infection number (R). Ro is used to measure the transmission potential of a virus. This number is an average of how many people to whom an infected patient is able to transmit the pathogen, assuming that people close to the patient are not immune to it. Now let's understand R. A population will rarely be completely susceptible to infection in the real world. Some contacts will be immune due to a previous infection that conferred immunity or as a result of previous immunization, due to the action of vaccines. Therefore, not all contacts will be infected and the average number of secondary cases per infectious case will be less than Ro. In this calculation, we take into account susceptible and non-susceptible people. With this information presented, we can conclude that if the value of R is &gt;1, the number of cases will increase, starting an epidemic. For a virus to stop spreading, R must be &lt;1. To estimate R, we multiply the value of Ro by the susceptible fraction of a population2. How to cite this article: Williams G, Cañon-Montañez W.&nbsp;COVID-19: What we’ve learned so far. Revista Cuidarte. 2020; 11(2): e1225. http://dx.doi.org/10.15649/cuidarte.1225 &nbsp;A doença de coronavírus 2019 (COVID-19) dominou quase todos os aspectos da vida humana no planeta Terra desde que foi descoberta pela primeira vez em Wuhan, província de Hubei, China, em dezembro de 20191. Uma rápida pesquisa no Google pela expressão COVID-19 revela mais de 3,22 bilhões de resultados. Para entender a importância desse tipo de vírus, precisamos conhecer dois conceitos epidemiológicos extremamente importantes: o número de reprodução básico (Ro) e o número de infecção efetivo (R). Ro é usado para medir o potencial de transmissão de um vírus. Esse número de para quantas pessoas um paciente infectado é capaz de transmitir o patógeno, assumindo que as pessoas próximas ao paciente não são imunes a ele. Agora vamos entender R. Uma população raramente será completamente suscetível a infecções no mundo real. Alguns contatos ficam imunes devido a uma infecção previa que conferiu imunidade ou como resultado de imunização anterior, devido à ação de vacinas. Portanto, nem todos os contatos serão infectados e o número médio de casos secundários por caso infeccioso será menor que Ro. Nesse cálculo, consideramos pessoas suscetíveis e não suscetíveis. Com essas informações apresentadas, podemos concluir que, se o valor de R for &gt;1, o número de casos aumentará, iniciando uma epidemia. Para que um vírus pare de se espalhar, R deve ser &lt;1. Para estimar R, multiplicamos o valor de Ro pela fração suscetível de uma população2 Como citar este artigo: Williams G, Cañon-Montañez W. COVID-19: COVID-19: O que aprendemos até agora. Revista Cuidarte. 2020; 11(2): e1225. http://dx.doi.org/10.15649/cuidarte.122

Critical care nursing policy, practice, and research priorities : An international cross-sectional study

Purpose To examine the status of critical care nursing internationally, assess the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, and identify research priorities by surveying professional critical care nursing organizations (CCNOs) worldwide. Design A descriptive survey methodology was used. This study is the sixth worldwide quadrennial review to assess international critical care nursing needs and provide evidence to inform critical care nursing policy, practice and research priorities globally. Methods The sixth World Federation of Critical Care Nurses survey of CCNOs was emailed to potential participants from countries with CCNOs or known critical care nurse leaders. Data were collected online using Survey Monkey™. Responses were entered into SPSS version 28 software (IBM Corp.) and analyzed by geographical region and national wealth group. Findings Ninety-nine national representative respondents participated in the survey (70.7% response rate). The most important issues identified were working conditions, teamwork, staffing levels, formal practice guidelines, wages, and access to quality education programs. The top five CCNO services that were of most importance were providing national conferences, local conferences, workshops and education forums, practice standards and guidelines, and professional representation. Important pandemic-related services and activities provided by CCNOs included addressing emotional and mental well-being of nurses, providing guidance related to nurse staffing/workforce needs, assisting to coordinate efforts to obtain personal protective equipment supplies, serving as a country liaison with the World Health Organization's COVID-19 response activities, and assisting in the development and implementation of policies regarding standards of care. The most important contributions expected from the World Federation of Critical Care Nurses were standards for professional practice, standards for clinical practice, website resources, professional representation, and providing online education and training materials. The top five research priority areas were: stress levels (inclusive of burnout, emotional exhaustion and compassion fatigue); critical care nursing shortage, skill mix and workforce planning; recruitment, retention, turnover, working conditions; critical care nursing education and patient outcomes; and adverse events, staffing levels, patient outcomes. Conclusions The results highlight priority areas for critical care nursing internationally. The COVID-19 pandemic impacted critical care nurses as direct care providers. As a result, addressing the ongoing needs of critical care nurses remains a priority area of focus. The results also highlight important policy and research priorities for critical care nursing globally. Results of this survey should be incorporated into strategic action plans at the national and international levels. Clinical Relevance • Issues of importance to critical care nurses including research and policy priorities during and following COVID-19 are now clarified through this survey. • The impact and importance that COVID-19 has had on critical care nurses and their preferences and priorities are provided. • Clear guidance to leaders and policy makers on where critical care nurses would like to see greater focus and attention to help strengthen the contribution of critical care nursing practice to the global healthcare agenda

Pedagogy and Culture: An Educational Initiative in Supporting UAE Nursing Graduates Prepare for a High-stakes Nurse Licensing Examination

Graduates of an Abu Dhabi transnational nursing degree struggled with the mandatory national licensing examination. Poor pass rates undermine graduate career futures and impact on the workforce capacity building contributions of the partnering transnational educational providers. This paper describes how the design and delivery of an intensive examination preparation program dramatically reversed this trend. The objectives of this educational initiative involved the design, delivery and evaluation of a program that would align with cultural learning preferences and which improve the success rates of graduates attempting the national nurse licensing examination. To achieve these objectives, the program combined a range of teaching and assessment strategies developed to reflect the specific needs of Arabic learners, build on their existing knowledge and help them engage more effectively in the learning processes required for successful performance in a high stakes examination. Analysis of data collected during program evaluation provides useful insights into the preference and experiences of nursing graduates in the UAE Emirate of Abu Dhabi. The lessons learned are applicable to Arabic learners both regionally and globally

Nurse participation in legal executions: An ethics round-table discussion

A paper was published in 2003 discussing the ethics of nurses participating in executions by inserting the intravenous line for lethal injections and providing care until death. This paper was circulated on an international email list of senior nurses and academics to engender discussion. From that discussion, several people agreed to contribute to a paper expressing their own thoughts and feelings about the ethics of nurses participating in executions in countries where capital punishment is legal. While a range of opinions were presented, these opinions fell into two main themes. The first of these included reflections on the philosophical obligations of nurses as caregivers who support those in times of great need, including condemned prisoners at the end of life. The second theme encompassed the notion that no nurse ever should participate in the active taking of life, in line with the codes of ethics of various nursing organisations. This range of opinions suggests the complexity of this issue and the need for further public discussion

Prevalence, associated factors and outcomes of pressure injuries in adult intensive care unit patients. the DecubICUs study

Purpose: Intensive care unit (ICU) patients are particularly susceptible to developing pressure injuries. Epidemiologic data is however unavailable. We aimed to provide an international picture of the extent of pressure injuries and fac‐ tors associated with ICU‐acquired pressure injuries in adult ICU patients. Methods: International 1‐day point‐prevalence study; follow‐up for outcome assessment until hospital discharge (maximum 12 weeks). Factors associated with ICU‐acquired pressure injury and hospital mortality were assessed by generalised linear mixed‐effects regression analysis. Results: Data from 13,254 patients in 1117 ICUs (90 countries) revealed 6747 pressure injuries; 3997 (59.2%) were ICU‐acquired. Overall prevalence was 26.6% (95% confidence interval [CI] 25.9–27.3). ICU‐acquired prevalence was 16.2% (95% CI 15.6–16.8). Sacrum (37%) and heels (19.5%) were most affected. Factors independently associated with ICU‐acquired pressure injuries were older age, male sex, being underweight, emergency surgery, higher Simplified Acute Physiology Score II, Braden score &lt; 19, ICU stay &gt; 3 days, comorbidities (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, immunodeficiency), organ support (renal replacement, mechanical ventilation on ICU admission), and being in a low or lower‐middle income‐economy. Gradually increasing associations with mortality were identified for increasing severity of pressure injury: stage I (odds ratio [OR] 1.5; 95% CI 1.2–1.8), stage II (OR 1.6; 95% CI 1.4–1.9), and stage III or worse (OR 2.8; 95% CI 2.3–3.3)

Jet energy measurement with the ATLAS detector in proton-proton collisions at root s=7 TeV

The jet energy scale and its systematic uncertainty are determined for jets measured with the ATLAS detector at the LHC in proton-proton collision data at a centre-of-mass energy of √s = 7TeV corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 38 pb-1. Jets are reconstructed with the anti-kt algorithm with distance parameters R=0. 4 or R=0. 6. Jet energy and angle corrections are determined from Monte Carlo simulations to calibrate jets with transverse momenta pT≥20 GeV and pseudorapidities {pipe}η{pipe}<4. 5. The jet energy systematic uncertainty is estimated using the single isolated hadron response measured in situ and in test-beams, exploiting the transverse momentum balance between central and forward jets in events with dijet topologies and studying systematic variations in Monte Carlo simulations. The jet energy uncertainty is less than 2. 5 % in the central calorimeter region ({pipe}η{pipe}<0. 8) for jets with 60≤pT<800 GeV, and is maximally 14 % for pT<30 GeV in the most forward region 3. 2≤{pipe}η{pipe}<4. 5. The jet energy is validated for jet transverse momenta up to 1 TeV to the level of a few percent using several in situ techniques by comparing a well-known reference such as the recoiling photon pT, the sum of the transverse momenta of tracks associated to the jet, or a system of low-pT jets recoiling against a high-pT jet. More sophisticated jet calibration schemes are presented based on calorimeter cell energy density weighting or hadronic properties of jets, aiming for an improved jet energy resolution and a reduced flavour dependence of the jet response. The systematic uncertainty of the jet energy determined from a combination of in situ techniques is consistent with the one derived from single hadron response measurements over a wide kinematic range. The nominal corrections and uncertainties are derived for isolated jets in an inclusive sample of high-pT jets. Special cases such as event topologies with close-by jets, or selections of samples with an enhanced content of jets originating from light quarks, heavy quarks or gluons are also discussed and the corresponding uncertainties are determined. © 2013 CERN for the benefit of the ATLAS collaboration

Correction to: Prevalence, associated factors and outcomes of pressure injuries in adult intensive care unit patients: the DecubICUs study.

Funder: European Society of Intensive Care Medicine; doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100013347Funder: Flemish Society for Critical Care NursesAbstract: Purpose: Intensive care unit (ICU) patients are particularly susceptible to developing pressure injuries. Epidemiologic data is however unavailable. We aimed to provide an international picture of the extent of pressure injuries and factors associated with ICU-acquired pressure injuries in adult ICU patients. Methods: International 1-day point-prevalence study; follow-up for outcome assessment until hospital discharge (maximum 12 weeks). Factors associated with ICU-acquired pressure injury and hospital mortality were assessed by generalised linear mixed-effects regression analysis. Results: Data from 13,254 patients in 1117 ICUs (90 countries) revealed 6747 pressure injuries; 3997 (59.2%) were ICU-acquired. Overall prevalence was 26.6% (95% confidence interval [CI] 25.9–27.3). ICU-acquired prevalence was 16.2% (95% CI 15.6–16.8). Sacrum (37%) and heels (19.5%) were most affected. Factors independently associated with ICU-acquired pressure injuries were older age, male sex, being underweight, emergency surgery, higher Simplified Acute Physiology Score II, Braden score 3 days, comorbidities (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, immunodeficiency), organ support (renal replacement, mechanical ventilation on ICU admission), and being in a low or lower-middle income-economy. Gradually increasing associations with mortality were identified for increasing severity of pressure injury: stage I (odds ratio [OR] 1.5; 95% CI 1.2–1.8), stage II (OR 1.6; 95% CI 1.4–1.9), and stage III or worse (OR 2.8; 95% CI 2.3–3.3). Conclusion: Pressure injuries are common in adult ICU patients. ICU-acquired pressure injuries are associated with mainly intrinsic factors and mortality. Optimal care standards, increased awareness, appropriate resource allocation, and further research into optimal prevention are pivotal to tackle this important patient safety threat