CARLANE: A Lane Detection Benchmark for Unsupervised Domain Adaptation from Simulation to multiple Real-World Domains

Unsupervised Domain Adaptation demonstrates great potential to mitigate domain shifts by transferring models from labeled source domains to unlabeled target domains. While Unsupervised Domain Adaptation has been applied to a wide variety of complex vision tasks, only few works focus on lane detection for autonomous driving. This can be attributed to the lack of publicly available datasets. To facilitate research in these directions, we propose CARLANE, a 3-way sim-to-real domain adaptation benchmark for 2D lane detection. CARLANE encompasses the single-target datasets MoLane and TuLane and the multi-target dataset MuLane. These datasets are built from three different domains, which cover diverse scenes and contain a total of 163K unique images, 118K of which are annotated. In addition we evaluate and report systematic baselines, including our own method, which builds upon Prototypical Cross-domain Self-supervised Learning. We find that false positive and false negative rates of the evaluated domain adaptation methods are high compared to those of fully supervised baselines. This affirms the need for benchmarks such as CARLANE to further strengthen research in Unsupervised Domain Adaptation for lane detection. CARLANE, all evaluated models and the corresponding implementations are publicly available at https://carlanebenchmark.github.io.Comment: 36th Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems (NeurIPS 2022) Track on Datasets and Benchmarks, 22 pages, 11 figure

Beckenfrakturen-haben sich die Behandlungsergebnisse der Problemfrakturen verbessert?

In einer Multizenterstudie der Arbeitsgruppe Becken, der Sektion Deutschland der AO International Wuden Beckenfrakturen, das komplexe Thema ihrer Versorgung, sowie deren Ergebnisse Untersucht.Durch eine anschlißende ausführliche Befragung und Untersuchung wurde versucht, den Alltag der Patienten nach ihrer Verletzung zu beleuchte

Arbeit und Gesundheit: Zur objektiven Erfassung von Tätigkeitsmerkmalen nach dem Job Demand-Control Modell

Ziel der vorliegenden Dissertation war die Erfassung der Dimensionen Job Demands und De-cision Latitude des Job Demand-Control Modells (Karasek, 1979) auf der Basis von objekti-ven Arbeitsanalysemethoden. Es sollte geprüft werden, ob diese objektiv erfassten Tätig-keitsmerkmale in Beziehung zu Fehlbeanspruchungsfolgen stehen. Zur Operationalisierung der Tätigkeitsmerkmale Job Demands und Decision Latitude wurden theoriebasiert Skalen des Tätigkeitsbewertungssystems TBS (Rudolph et al., 1987) ausgewählt. Die neu gebildeten Skalen Job Demands TBS und Decision Latitude TBS wurden in einer Stichprobe von 468 Erwerbstätigen aus verschiedenen Branchen überprüft und zur Vorhersage von Erholungsun-fähigkeit, vitaler Erschöpfung und nächtlicher Blutdruckrückstellung eingesetzt. Simultane konfirmatorische Faktorenanalysen mit den TBS-Skalen und dem Fragebogen zur Erfassung von Intensität und Tätigkeitsspielraum in der Arbeit (Richter et al., 2000) können die Konstruktvalidität der Skalen Job Demands TBS und Decision Latitude TBS bestätigen. In Bezug auf den Zusammenhang von Tätigkeitsmerkmalen und Fehlbeanspruchungsfolgen kann mithilfe hierarchischer Regressionsanalysen gezeigt werden, dass objektiv erfasste Job Demands sowie subjektiv erfasste Job Demands und Decision Latitude Erholungsunfähigkeit und vitaler Erschöpfung vorhersagen. Die Fehlbeanspruchungsfolgen treten umso stärker auf je höher Job Demands und je geringer erlebter Decision Latitude ausgeprägt sind. Die nächtli-che Rückstellung des diastolischen Blutdrucks wird durch objektiv erfassten Decision Latitu-de, aber nicht durch subjektiv erfasste Tätigkeitsmerkmale vorhergesagt. Je geringer der ob-jektiv erfasste Decision Latitude, desto geringer ist die Blutdruckrückstellung. Die Operationalisierung von Job Demands und Decision Latitude auf der Grundlage des TBS bietet die Möglichkeit einer vom subjektiven Erleben des Arbeitsplatzinhabers unabhängigen Erfassung der Tätigkeitsmerkmale und der direkten Ableitung von Maßnahmen zur Gestal-tung gesundheitsförderlicher Arbeitsbedingungen

A First Study of MEV on an Up-and-Coming Blockchain: Algorand

Maximal Extractable Value (MEV) significantly influences network incentives, consensus safety, and economic dynamics, and has been extensively studied within the Ethereum blockchain domain. However, MEV is not specific to Ethereum, and extends to other blockchain platforms with differing properties, such as Algorand. Algorand, a smart-contract-based blockchain employing a Byzantine-Fault Tolerant consensus mechanism and Pure-Proof-of-Stake, is characterized by a First-Come-First-Serve transaction ordering mechanism and minimal fixed transaction fees. This paper provides the first exploration of the MEV landscape on Algorand, focusing on arbitrage MEV patterns, key actors, their strategic preferences, transaction positioning strategies, and the influence of Algorand's network infrastructure on MEV searching. We observed 1,142,970 arbitrage cases, with a single searcher executing 653,001. Different searchers demonstrated diverse strategies, reflected in the varied distribution of profitable block positions. Nonetheless, the even spread of arbitrage positions across a block indicates an emphasis on immediate backrunning executions. Furthermore, we identified 265,637 instances of Batch Transaction Issuances, where an address occupied over 80% of a block with a singular transaction type.Comment: 8 pages, 5 figure

Inklusion: Sprachdidaktische Perspektiven. Theorie, Empirie, Praxis

Mit Umsetzung der Behindertenrechtskonvention der Vereinten Nationen ist seit August 2014 der gemeinsame Unterricht von Menschen mit und ohne Behinderung als Regelfall auch in den Schulgesetzen der Bundesländer verankert. Damit wird die Idee der Inklusion schulpolitisch auf maximaler Breite adaptiert: Dem Konzept zufolge soll jeder Mensch die Möglichkeit erhalten, sich vollständig und gleichberechtigt an allen gesell¬schaftlichen Prozessen zu beteiligen – und zwar von Anfang an und unabhängig von individuellen Fähigkeiten, ethnischer wie sozialer Herkunft, Geschlecht oder Alter. Der Implementierung von Inklusion in der schulischen Praxis ging eine überwiegend aus allgemein- und sonderpädagogischer Perspektive geführte Debatte voraus. Eine umfassende, alle Schulstufen einbeziehende fachdidaktische Auseinandersetzung mit den Besonderheiten eines inklusiven Deutschunterrichts befindet sich erst im Anfangsstadium (vgl. vorreitend u.a. Hennis und Ritter 2014, Trumpa et al. 2014, Baurmann und Müller 2016, Frickel und Kagelmann 2016; Naugk et al. 2016 fokussieren auf die Grundschule). In diesem Rahmen stellt sich aus unserer Sicht u.a. die folgende, empirisch weitgehend unbearbeitete Schlüsselfrage: Bedeutet die Potenzierung der Heterogenität ‚nur‘ eine graduelle Steigerung oder führt sie zu einer kategorisch neuen Lehr-Lern-Situation in unserem Fach? Dieser Band legt den Schwerpunkt auf sprachdidaktische Fragestellungen und regt zugleich einen interdisziplinären Austausch an, indem Autorinnen und Autoren aus der Sprachdidaktik, Allgemeinpädagogik, Sonderpädagogik und Unterrichtsforschung gemeinsam über die künftigen Wege des inklusiven Deutschunterrichts nachdenken und diskutieren

Standardized metadata collection to reinforce collaboration in Collaborative Research Centers

We present our approach for research (meta)data exchange and interconnection of scientists in medium-scale academic projects such as medical collaborative research centers (CRCs). Our webbased tool, fredato, connects established services, which we configure to a custom-tailored software bundle to match the needs of researchers. To improve collaboration, we implemented a metadata acquisition component and search function to complement the existing data management and sharing. More specifically, we enhance three points: 1. Relevant projects need to be findable to re-use data or results, avoid redundant work and improve communication among crc members. 2. The scientists also process sensitive human data for which a privacy-protected, secure exchange is critical. 3. A self-explanatory user interface is required for increased user acceptance. The main feature we present is the handling of metadata in our web application without overwhelming users through extensive and generic forms. We use flexible JSON schemas to precisely target scientists' needs of documentation and enrich them with only ontology components relevant to their use cases. The schemas are stored distributedly as datasets themselves, and automatically converted to modern web forms. Besides custom, domain-specific forms we use this editor for the addition of common metadata schemas (e.g. DataCite). We use the continuous integration capabilities of a connected Gitlab to run data-driven scripts. This includes indexing of all metadata, which makes them searchable in a structured way. Users are provided with contact information for matches and can ask to share data and results. Because project owners decide with whom to share and because datasets and metadata are bundled together, the complete dataset is always accessible (e.g. for publication at a third party repository) and full control retained by data owners. By adding this component to our tool, we provide simple, secure and searchable means for improving collaboration in the context of CRCs

Systematic Two-band Model Calculations of the GMR Effect with Metallic and Nonmetallic Spacers and with Impurities

By an accurate Green's function method we calculate conductances and the corresponding Giant Magneto-Resistance effects (GMR) of two metallic ferromagnetic films separated by different spacers, metallic and non-metallic ones, in a simplified model on a sc lattice, in CPP and CIP geometries (i.e. current perpendicular or parallel to the planes), without impurities, or with interface- or bulk impurities. The electronic structure of the systems is approximated by two hybridized orbitals per atom, to mimic s-bands and d-bands and their hybridization. We show that such calculations usually give rough estimates only, but of the correct order of magnitude; in particular, the predictions on the impurity effects depend strongly on the model parameters. One of our main results is the prediction of huge CPP-GMR effects for {\it non-metallic} spacers in the ballistic limit.Comment: Revised version; discussions and references improved; accepted by JMM

Coined quantum walks on percolation graphs

Quantum walks, both discrete (coined) and continuous time, form the basis of several quantum algorithms and have been used to model processes such as transport in spin chains and quantum chemistry. The enhanced spreading and mixing properties of quantum walks compared with their classical counterparts have been well-studied on regular structures and also shown to be sensitive to defects and imperfections in the lattice. As a simple example of a disordered system, we consider percolation lattices, in which edges or sites are randomly missing, interrupting the progress of the quantum walk. We use numerical simulation to study the properties of coined quantum walks on these percolation lattices in one and two dimensions. In one dimension (the line) we introduce a simple notion of quantum tunneling and determine how this affects the properties of the quantum walk as it spreads. On two-dimensional percolation lattices, we show how the spreading rate varies from linear in the number of steps down to zero, as the percolation probability decreases to the critical point. This provides an example of fractional scaling in quantum walk dynamics.Comment: 25 pages, 14 figures; v2 expanded and improved presentation after referee comments, added extra figur

Deliverable Raport D4.6 Tools for generating QMRF and QPRF reports

Scientific reports carry significant importance for the straightforward and effective transfer of knowledge, results and ideas. Good practice dictates that reports should be well-structured and concise. This deliverable describes the reporting services for models, predictions and validation tasks that have been integrated within the eNanoMapper (eNM) modelling infrastructure. Validation services have been added to the Jaqpot Quattro (JQ) modelling platform and the nano-lazar read-across framework developed within WP4 to support eNM modelling activities. Moreover, we have proceeded with the development of reporting services for predictions and models, respectively QPRF and QMRF reports. Therefore, in this deliverable, we first describe the three validation schemes created, namely training set split, cross- and external validation in detail and demonstrate their functionality both on API and UI levels. We then proceed with the description of the read across functionalities and finally, we present and describe the QPRF and QMRF reporting services