The Limitations in Resolution and Discrimination in Brightness Differences for Light Amplifier Systems Using Contrast Enhancement

Author Institution: Aeronautical Research Laboratory, Air Force Research Division, Air Research and Development Command, United States Air Force, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohi

Limitations for Daytime Detection of Stars Using the Intensifier Image Orthicon

Author Institution: Aeronautical Research Laboratories, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohi

Optical Radar and Passive Optoelectronic Ranging

Author Institution: Aerospace Research Laboratories, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, OhioThe purpose of this paper is to present the fundamental technical arrangement involved for optical radar, its resolution, and requirements concerning the light source for use with it. Some basic optical radar problems are explained and pertinent equations are derived. The paper shows that 1017 quanta per pulse at a repetition rate of 77 per second are sufficient to achieve optical radar. For this a minimum volume of only 1 mm3 is required for a luminescent semiconductor to produce this quanta flux. The light source does not necessarily have to be a laser, since the narrow bandwidth of the lasers cannot, by the present state of the art, be fully utilized with the overall optical bandwidth of such a system. If a source can produce the necessary quanta flux with a bandwidth of not more than about 20 A, the job will be as well performed by this source as by a laser. Very promising luminescent semiconductors for such an endeavor, using the visible spectrum, seem to be the II-VI compounds. An automatic passive optical range-finder system using a special pick-up transducer (conceived by the author) which automatically suppresses any background structure (clouds, etc.) is explained

The Limitations for Night-Time Detection of Celestial Bodies Employing the Intensifier-Storage-Image Orthicon

Author Institution: Aeronautical Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohi

Astronomical Photographic Recording with and Without Electronic Light Intensification

Author Institution: Solid State Physics Research Laboratory, Aeronautical Research Laboratories, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohi

Polynomial Chaos Expansion method as a tool to evaluate and quantify field homogeneities of a novel waveguide RF Wien Filter

For the measurement of the electric dipole moment of protons and deuterons, a novel waveguide RF Wien filter has been designed and will soon be integrated at the COoler SYnchrotron at J\"ulich. The device operates at the harmonic frequencies of the spin motion. It is based on a waveguide structure that is capable of fulfilling the Wien filter condition ($\vec{E} \perp \vec{B}$) \textit{by design}. The full-wave calculations demonstrated that the waveguide RF Wien filter is able to generate high-quality RF electric and magnetic fields. In reality, mechanical tolerances and misalignments decrease the simulated field quality, and it is therefore important to consider them in the simulations. In particular, for the electric dipole moment measurement, it is important to quantify the field errors systematically. Since Monte-Carlo simulations are computationally very expensive, we discuss here an efficient surrogate modeling scheme based on the Polynomial Chaos Expansion method to compute the field quality in the presence of tolerances and misalignments and subsequently to perform the sensitivity analysis at zero additional computational cost.Comment: 12 pages, 19 figure

Conversion Yields of Some Photographic Emulsions and Related Factors

Author Institution: Aerospace Research Laboratories, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, OhioA method is presented for the determination of the effective average projected grain diameter (d-a) using visual analysis of enlargements of Kodak Tri-X Pan and Kodak Royal-X Pan emulsions. Each was exposed to three light sources of color temperatures 6100°K, 2850°K, and 2040°K, and was developed in Kodak developers HC-110, DK-50, and D-19 for 5, 8, 12, and 20 minutes at 68°F. For 5- to 20-minute developing times, dA was determined, from a total of over 12,000 counts, to be from ~ 2.1 to ~ 2.4 u for both films. A method for calculating the conversion yield -q (number of grains to total number of quanta focused on the emulsion) is derived. The value y is a function of film density (D); it was found that rj first increases and then decreases, and a theory which explains this behavior in connection with grain formation is proposed; that is, 77 is the result of a superposition of an increasing and a decreasing function. The first is caused by the fact that a photographic nucleus made up of three silver atoms has a lesser probability for development than a four-atom nucleus, where with the increased exposure (number of quanta per unit area), the ratio increases in favor of the latter, resulting in an increasing function. However, the photographic plate, unlike the photoemitter, is a "non-speciereplacing" device; as a result, the percentage of nonactivated silver halides decreases with exposure, making the latter a decreasing function. Typical values for 77 showing this behavior are: Tri-X Pan; 6100°K, spectral region 375 to 700 m/x; HC-110, 8 min, 68°F; ij~0.1% at D = 0.10, T7~O.3% at D = 0.30, rj~0.1% at D = 1.00, and' ^ 0 . 0 0 9% at D = 2.00. For A = 466 mn (peak of P-ll phosphor), r, increases from ~ 0.09% at D = 0.10 to ~ 0.4% at D = 0.40, then decreases to ~ 0.2% at D = 1.00 and ~ 0.01% at D = 2.00