Utjecaj varijabli na oslobađanje paracetamola iz tableta

A 23 factorial experimental design has been used to quantitatively study individual and interaction effects of the nature of binder (N), binder concentration (c) and relative density of tablet (d) on the disintegration time (DT) and dissolution times, t1, t50 and t90, of paracetamol tablet formulations. The factorial design was also used to study the quantitative effects of pregelatinization of starch binders on these parameters, i.e. N, c and d. In general, the most common ranking of the individual effects on DT, t1, t50 and t90 for native/native, pregelatinized/pregelatinized and native/pregelatinized starch binder formulations was c > d > N. For the interaction effects, the most common ranking was N–c > C–d > N–d for all the formulations. The results generally showed that c can considerably affect DT, t1, t50 and t90 of the tablets.23 faktorijalni eksperimentalni dizajn upotrebljen je za kvantitativno ispitivanje pojedinačnih učinaka i međudjelovanja vrste veziva (N), njegove koncentracije (c) i relativne gustoće tableta (d) na vrijeme raspadanja (td) i oslobađanja, t1, t50 i t90, paracetamola iz tableta. Faktorijalni dizajn je osim toga upotrebljen za proučavanje kvantitativnih učinaka preželatinizacije škrobnog veziva na N, c i d. Općenito, učinak na td, t1, t50 i t90 u tabletama s nativnim/nativnim, preželatiniziranim/preželatiniziranim i nativnim/preželatiniziranim škrobom bio je c > d > N. Međudjelovanja su rangirana kako slijedi: N–c > c–d > N–d, za sve isptivane uzorke tableta. Rezultati pokazuju da koncentracija veziva (c) ima značajan učinak na td, t1, t50 i t90 tableta

EXCIPIENTS COPROCESSING INFLUENCE ON THE INTERACTING VARIABLES THAT AFFECT THE DISINTEGRATION PROPERTIES OF A PARACETAMOL TABLET FORMULATION

Objective: Neem gum (NMG) was coprocessed with lactose (LTC) at different ratios to produce novel binders.Methods: The quantitative individual and interaction effects of formulation variables, nature of the coprocessed binders (N), concentration of coprocessed binders (C) and their tablet's relative density (D) on two disintegration properties–disintegration time (DT) and crushing strength-friability/disintegration time (CSFR/DT) ratio–of a Paracetamol tablet formulation was studied using a 23 factorial experimental design.Results: The result showed that changing from neem gum to any of the coprocessed binders decreases the disintegration time of the Paracetamol tablet while an increase in C of the coprocessed binders led to an increase in the CSFR/DT ratio of the Paracetamol tablets. The extent of this decrease in disintegration time or increase in CSFR/DT depends on the proportion of NMG or LTC in the coprocessed binders.Conclusion: The study concluded that the nature and proportions of individual materials coprocessed together would alter the influence C or D would have on disintegration time and CSFR/DT ratio. It further concludes that a 23 factorial analysis could be helpful to formulators in creating a design space for choosing optimal formulation and process variables that would produce desired product qualities.Keywords: Coprocessing, binder, Neem gum, Disintegration time, Crushing-strength-friability/disintegration-time rati

A quantitative study of the influence of coprocessing of binders on the mechanical properties of paracetamol tablets

A 2³ factorial experimental design has been used to quantitatively study individual and interaction effects of the nature of binder (N), concentration of binder (C) and the applied pressure (P) on two mechanical properties, namely, tensile strength (TS) and brittle fracture index (BFI), of paracetamol tablets. The factorial design was also used to study the quantitative effects of coprocessing of binders on the mechanical properties. The results obtained from this study suggest that the nature (i.e. plastic/elastic) and ratio of binders coprocessed together alter the influence of C and P on TS and BFI.Utilizou-se planejamento experimental fatorial 2³ para estudar, quantitativamente, os efeitos individuais e de interação da natureza do ligante (N), concentração do ligante (C) e a pressão aplicada (P) em duas propriedades mecânicas, como forças de ruptura (TS) e índice de fragilidade (BFI) de comprimidos de paracetamol. O planejamento fatorial foi, também, empregado para estudar os efeitos quantitativos do coprocessamento de ligantes nas propriedades mecânicas. Os resultados obtidos desse trabalho sugerem que a natureza (plástica/elástica) e a proporção de ligantes coprocessados, juntas, alteram a influência de C e P em TS e em BFI

ASSESSMENT OF TAPIOCA STARCHES OBTAINED AFTER DIFFERENT STEEPING PERIODS AS BINDERS IN A PARACETAMOL TABLET FORMULATION

Abstract Starches obtained after steeping Tapioca tubers for different periods were each evaluated as a binding agent in paracetamol tablet formulations in comparison with corn starch British Pharmacopoeia (BP). Compressional properties were analyzed using density measurements and the compression equations of Heckel and Kawakita as assessment parameters, while the mechanical properties of the tablets were assessed with the use of the tensile strength (TS) and the brittle fracture index (BFI) of the tablets. Formulations containing longer steeping period starches as binding agent showed a slower onset of plastic deformation -high value of P Y , and a higher amount of deformation during compression-low value of P K . Both P Y and P K were affected by the concentration of the starch binders. The TS of the paracetamol tablets increased with the increase in the binder concentration and with the subsequent increase in starch steeping period while the BFI of the tablets decreased accordingly. Starch obtained after 72 h steeping of Tapioca tubers showed a similar result with corn starch BP. The results generally suggest that the steeping period would influence the activity of a starch binder in a formulation. Rezumat Lucrarea prezintă studii efectuate asupra amidonului de Tapioca, utilizat ca şi agent de aglutinare în formularea tabletelor cu paracetamol. Proprietăţile de compresie au fost analizate cu ajutorul ecuaţiilor Heckel şi Kawakita. Proprietăţile mecanice ale tabletelor au fost evaluate prin determinarea rezistenţei la "tensile strength" şi "brittle fracture index"

Synthesis and Characterization of Polymeric Nanoparticles Formed from Cowry Shells and Acacia Gum Extracts

The study investigated the morphology, dimension, and composition of polymeric nanomaterials obtained from cowry shells and Acacia tree gum arabic extracts. Chitosan and gum arabic were extracted from cowry shells and Acacia trees respectively using standard chemical methods. These were used to produce the chitosan nanoparticles using ionic gelation technique. Observation with a Jeol JSM 7600F Field Emission Gun Ultra-High Resolution Scanning Electron Microscope confirmed the formation of distinct particles composed of smooth ovals, spheres and short cylinders. The nanoparticles were found to have a mean size of 150 nm as measured from a Philips 120 kV EM420 transmission electron microscope. The chemical analysis result obtained from the X-Ray fluorescence studies along with the morphology and dimension of the nanoparticles suggested that the developed nanomaterials are suitable as nanocarriers for targeted drug delivery applications