HEURISTIC METHODS FOR SOLVING THE CREATIVE PROBLEMS

Abstract. The development of non-standard thinking helps in solving creative problems. People who think formally can not come up with anything new, thereby destroying creativity. The creative task is an excellent way of revealing the personal abilities of each person. The development of creative thinking allows people to realize their creative potential, their individuality. Heuristic methods in solving problems allow us to express creative thoughts and to activate the creative possibilities of man. Creative thinking is very closely related to the imagination, which is important in any profession. Features of creative thinking consist in the fact that it contributes to the non-standard solution of certain tasks. An unconventional thinking person is able to offer bright ideas in any field of activity, that is, creative activity generates something new, different in originality, originality, and uniqueness. The system of heuristic methods of solving problems is based on logic, sound mind and experience, and the result of all this is new significant information. When solving creative problems, various heuristic methods are used. This is a method of brainstorming, a method of heuristic questions, a method of multidimensional matrices, a method of free association, a method ofinversion, a method of empathy, a method of synectics. The work reveals the essence of each heuristic method, as well as the merits and demerits of each of them. We consider various forms of employment in heuristic ways of teaching, such as the olympiad, heuristic exercises, business games, interactive forms.Keywords: creative task, heuristic methods, methods, non-standard questions, forms

Ultrastructure of aflagellate spermatozoa in rhabdocoel turbellarian provortex karlingi (neorhabdocoela, dalyellioida)

© 2015 r. The ultrastructure of spermatozoa and spermatids in a the rhabdocoel turbellarian Provortex karlingi from the White Sea is described for the first time. Among the unusual morphological features of spermatozoa, the absence of flagellae and the presence of perinuclear condensation of electron-dense granules are notified. The examples of reduction of flagellae in male gametes of various groups of flatworms are discussed. New data support the monophyly of the turbellarian genus Provortex, which is characterized by the number of some unique synapomorphies

Lexical peculiarities of cuban variant of Spanish language under the conditions of dialectological isolation

The article deals with lexical peculiarities of Cuban variant of Spanish language, that is an example of dialectologically dissected variant used in an isolated insular territory with a special political situation. Historical evolution of Spanish language Cuban variant lexis to a large extent repeats evolution of other national variants of Spanish language, including such aspects as Arabisms, Africanisms, Indianisms. In the meantime events of the 20th century brought completely unique phenomena into the lexical system of Spanish language in Cuba, having thrusted into the spotlight extratextual factors of its evolution. The article is a research that precedes the creation of the cultural linguistics vocabulary of lexis of Caribbean basin Spanish-speaking countries. As research methods the authors used the method of continuous vocabulary sampling and descriptive method. The main purpose of the research was to reveal extratextual factors which conduced to evolution of vocabulary of Spanish language Cuban variant, and that in its turn led to classification of vocabulary of that variant of Spanish language depending on revealed extratextual factors in the situation of dialectological isolation of Spanish language Cuban variant. The main factor of replenishment and changing of Spanish language Cuban variant vocabulary was the choice of a geopolitical partner at a particular period of Cuba historical development, and also "from-the-top" inculcation of the special politically marked lexis

The influence of laser micro- and nanostructuring on the wear resistance of Grade-2 titanium surface

The development of wear-resistant surfaces supports sustainable and long-term work of friction couples. In this paper, we demonstrated laser structuring as a method for increasing Grade-2 titanium surface wear resistanc

The Problem of National and Cultural Semantics of Lexical Units in Spanish (On Material of Venezuelan And Nicaraguan Words Reflecting Forms of Work)

This article is within the framework of inter-variant dialectology - a relatively young scientific branch in the domestic Spanish studies, the main purpose of which is to establish the national and cultural specifics of the use of the Spanish language. In turn, the revelation of linguocultural specifics of national variants of the Hispanic area is one of the urgent problems of modern Spanish-American studies. Since the national specificity of speech is particularly evident in comparison, the article considers the communicative behavior of the representatives of two sociocultural communities:  Venezuelan and Nicaraguan linguistic cultures.The choice of the topic is determined by the growing interest in domestic and foreign linguistics to studying the national identity of linguistic culture as a specific form of human existence and society in the world. Language thus acts as a means of constructing and interpreting social reality, including culture, ethnicity, mentality, in the expression of which an important role is played, in particular, by the culturally specific names of the phenomena of the surrounding reality.The method of continuous sampling from the dictionaries “Diccionario de venezolanismos” by M. J. Tejera, “Diccionario del Español de Nicaragua” by Arellano Oviedo F., “Diccionario de nicaraguanismos” by H.A. Castellón was used to select lexical units that make up the semantic group of “activities” which are specific to the Venezuelan and Nicaraguan variants of the Spanish language and reflect the linguistic and cultural specifics of the countries under consideration. The comparative analysis of the selected lexical units was carried out, and

Hydropurification and Hydroisomerisation of Butyl-Mercaptan-Alkane Mixes and Diesel Oil Fractions on Alumo-Iron-Molybdenum Catalysts

Modified alumina-iron-molybdenum (AIM) catalysts have been studied in hydropurification and hydroisomerization both of butylmercaptan-alkane mixture and diesel oil fractions. It has been shown that the modification of alumina-iron-molybdenum catalysts by zeolites and other additives leads to a significantenhance of their hydrodesulfurization and hydroisomerization activity

Theoretical conformational analysis of cyclic organophosphorus and organosilicon compounds

The structure of some six- and eight-membered phosphorus and silicon heterocycles was established by the method of dipole moments and density functional theory calculations. There are two necessary conditions for the feasibility of the transannular interaction in these heterocycles: (1) the favorable disposition of the donor and acceptor centers in a molecule and (2) the presence of the substituents with the considerable polarizing effect at the heteroatom. Copyright © Taylor & Francis Group, LLC

Pregnancy Outcomes in Women with Type 1 Diabetes Depending on the Different Modes of Insulin Therapy

© 2016, Springer Science+Business Media New York.The aim of the study was to evaluate the features of the effect of different modes of insulin therapy on pregnancy outcomes in women with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) with different levels of albuminuria. The study involved 155 women with T1DM during pregnancy, using various modes of insulin, and 42 infants born to women with T1DM. In order to identify a possible relationship between the level of proinflammatory cytokines and growth factors in pregnant women with T1DM and terms of delivery, we measured the daily urinary excretion of IL-1β, MCP-1, and TGF-β1 in 21 women at different trimesters of pregnancy. The use of continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) in pregnant women with T1DM allows to prolong the pregnancy for 2–4 weeks as compared to the timing of delivery of pregnant women with T1DM receiving multiple subcutaneous injections of insulin (MPII). Pregnant women with MPII in 100% cases of the presence of microalbuminuria and proteinuria had premature delivery. Elevated levels of proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1β and MCP-1) and TGF-β1 may possibly serve as a predictor of pre-term delivery in pregnant women with diabetes type 1, starting with the early stages of pregnancy. The use of insulin by CSII in pregnant women with T1DM reduces the percentage of pre-term deliveries, regardless of the stage of diabetic nephropathy. It improves the condition of infants born at term in women with T1DM using a therapy with insulin pumps compared to that with MPII such as less common manifestation of diabetic fetopathy as macrosomia and hypoglycemia at birth, reducing the need for resuscitation in newborns

Semaphorins Are Likely to Be Involved in the Control of Hibernation

© 2016, Springer Science+Business Media New York.Hibernation is unique mammals’ phenotype demonstrated surviving in seasonal adverse environment conditions. During hibernation, all of systems of organs undergo alterations in their metabolic activity and physiology similar to different physiological conditions associated with human diseases and injuries, which represent a proper model for studying new approaches in clinical treatment. In this study, we have analyzed expression of semaphorins in small hibernator edible dormouse (Glis glis). Semaphorins are factors which involved in a key process of axon guidance and cell–cell communication and can act as tumor suppressor. We found that gene coding Semaphorin-3D (SEMA3D), previously reported to be specific for brain and heart of mammals, represents one of the most upregulated transcripts in the muscles of the hibernating dormice. Furthermore, another member of the same family, Semaphorin-5B (SEMA5B), was strongly induced in the spinal cord of hibernating animals. These observations make semaphorin group, recently attracting more attention due to anti-tumor activity, one of the target for in-depth analysis in relation to the molecular mechanisms of hibernation

Features of Demographic Ageing of the Population in Belarus, Kazakhstan and Russia

В настоящее время процесс демографического старения населения становится актуальным для Беларуси, Казахстана и России. Предметом исследования выступил процесс старения населения. Гипотеза исследования заключалась в выявлении однонаправленности процессов демографического старения при разнице экономических и социальных условий. Методология исследования состояла в проведении пространственно-временной оценки старения населения на основе данных национальных статистических служб стран с 2014–2020 гг. Особое внимание уделено анализу показателей старения населения: показатели процесса демографического старения населения, показатели причин старения населения, показатели последствия старения населения. Проведенные исследования позволяют сделать вывод о нарастании демографического старения населения в Беларуси, Казахстана и России. На основе анализа показателей старения населения выявлены различия в интенсивности и причинах процесса старения в странах.Currently, the demographic ageing of the population is becoming relevant for Belarus, Kazakhstan and Russia. The present research analyses the process of population ageing. The hypothesis of the study was to identify the unidirectional nature of the processes of demographic ageing in different economic and social conditions. The research methodology includes the spatial and temporal assessment of population ageing based on the data of the national statistical services of the countries for 2014-2020. Particular attention is paid to the analysis of population ageing indicators: indicators of demographic population ageing, indicators of the causes of population ageing, indicators of the consequences of population ageing. The conducted research demonstrated an increase in demographic population ageing in Belarus, Kazakhstan and Russia. Based on the analysis of population ageing indicators, the differences in the intensity and causes of the ageing process in the countries are revealed