Nickel alendronate

The title compound {sys­tematic name: bis(μ2-dihydrogen 4-aza­niumyl-1-hy­droxy­butane-1,1-di­phos­pho­n­ato)bis­[aqua­(dihydrogen 4-aza­nium­yl-1-hy­droxy­butane-1,1-diphospho­n­ato)nickel(II)] dihydrate}, [Ni2(C4H12NO7P2)4(H2O)2]·2H2O, was synthesiized under hydro­thermal conditions. Its structure is isotypic with the CoII analogue. The crystal structure is built up from centrosymmetric dinuclear complex mol­ecules and the structure is reinforced by a net of inter­molecular O—H⋯O and N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds. One water mol­ecule is bound to the NiII atom in the octahedral coordination sphere, while the second is part of the inter­molecular hydrogen-bond system

Care of a patient with an implantable cardioverter – defibrillator – case study.

StreszczenieWstęp: Kardiowerter – defibrylator (ICD) jest urządzeniem wykorzystywanym w celu przeciwdziałania nagłemu zgonowi sercowemu, a także przerywania arytmii komorowych, zagrażających życiu. Wszczepiany jest najczęściej pod skórę w okolicy podobojczykowej lewej. Jego praca polega na ciągłym kontrolowaniu akcji serca, a także przeprowadzaniu odpowiedniej terapii. Układ ICD zbudowany jest z generatora impulsów oraz minimum jednej elektrody umieszczonej w prawej komorze, której zadaniem jest odbiór czynności elektrycznej.Cel pracy: Celem pracy było zaprezentowanie przypadku pacjentki z wszczepionym kardiowerterem – defibrylatorem serca, jak również ukazanie problemów zdrowotnych oraz zaplanowanie opieki pielęgniarskiej.Wyniki: W pracy sformułowano 7 diagnoz pielęgniarskich wraz z określonymi celami opieki, zaplanowanymi interwencjami oraz oczekiwanymi wynikami opieki pielęgniarskiej. Postawiono diagnozy pielęgniarskie dotyczące: niepokoju pacjentki, deficytu wiedzy na temat kardiowertera – defibrylatora, a także zmniejszonej tolerancji wysiłku fizycznego, z powodu niewydolności serca. Pozostałe diagnozy pielęgniarskie odnoszą się do ryzyka wystąpienia ponownego zawału mięśnia sercowego, powikłań po wszczepieniu ICD (infekcja loży, krwiak loży), hiperglikemii lub hipoglikemii, jak również wystąpienia przełomu nadciśnieniowego. U pacjentki występuje wiele chorób współistniejących, które wpływają negatywnie na jej stan zdrowia. Chora ma obniżony nastrój, który jest objawem niepożądanym po zabiegu implantacji ICD.AbstractIntroduction: Implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) is a device used for counteraction of sudden cardiac death, as well as vermicular arrhythmia stopping, which can be life-threatening. ICD is usually implanted under the skin in left subclavian area. It is responsible for unceasing control over heart rate, but also conducting a proper therapy. ICD system consists of impulse generator and minimum one electrode, located in right ventricle, whose task is to receive electrical activity.Aim: The aim of my dissertation is to present the case of a patient with implantable cardioverter defibrillator as well as to demonstrate health problems and plan nursing care.Results: In my work 7 nursing diagnosis were formulated as well as definite aims of care, scheduled interventions and expected results of nursing care. Nursing diagnosis were established which refer to: patient’s anxiety, gaps in knowledge concerning ICD as well as lower tolerance level of physical effort resulting from heart failure. The other nursing diagnosis relate to the risk of myocardial infarction recurrence, complications after ICD implanting (pocket infection, pocket haematoma), hyperglycaemia or hypoglycaemia as well as incidence of hypertensive crisis. The patient suffers from many underlying diseases, which negatively affects her health condition. She is in depressed mood, which is the side effect of ICD implanting

Psychological preparation of the patient for the surgical procedure

StreszczenieWstęp: Zabieg chirurgiczny jest szczególną formą leczenia, w znacznym stopniu obciążającą psychikę chorego. Stan emocjonalny wywiera ogromny wpływ na przebieg procesu leczenia pacjenta. Ze względu na ograniczony dostęp do psychologa w warunkach szpitalnych wielu pacjentów w oddziałach chirurgicznych nie ma możliwości skorzystania z pomocy psychologicznej. Przygotowanie psychologiczne pacjenta do zabiegu operacyjnego jest zatem jednym z zadań pielęgniarki. Kluczową rolę odgrywają umiejętności komunikacyjne pielęgniarki. Dotyczą one kompetencji we wspieraniu psychicznych siłpacjenta, umiejętności właściwego udzielania informacji medycznych na temat zabiegu operacyjnego oraz zdolności do zwiększania współpracy pacjenta w przebiegu leczenia przed i po zabiegu operacyjnym. Cel pracy: Celem pracy było oszacowanie poziomu umiejętności komunikacyjnych potrzebnych pielęgniarce w celu optymalizowania kontaktu z pacjentem oczekującym na zabieg operacyjny. Materiał i metody: Badanie przeprowadzone zostało z wykorzystaniem metody sondażu diagnostycznego. Techniką badawczą zastosowaną w badaniu była ankieta internetowa. W celu zgromadzenia niezbędnych informacji do przeprowadzenia badania skonstruowano autorski kwestionariusz komunikacji z pacjentem przed zabiegiem operacyjnym. Badaniem objęto grupę dobranych losowo w sposób reprezentatywny 100 pielęgniarek pracujących na oddziałach chirurgicznych w Polsce.Wyniki: Poziom umiejętności komunikacji pielęgniarek z pacjentem przygotowywanym do zabiegu operacyjnego był średni. Badanie wykazało, iż umiejętności udzielania informacji medycznych zwiększały się wraz ze stażem pracy pielęgniarek. Wiek życia różnicował poziom umiejętności w zakresie udzielenia informacji medycznych przed zabiegiem operacyjnym oraz współpracy w procesie terapeutycznym. Wnioski: Wyniki badania wskazały na braki kompetencji z zakresie przygotowania psychologicznego pacjenta do zabiegu operacyjnego wśród pielęgniarek. Świadczy to o konieczności pogłębiania wiedzy i umiejętności pielęgniarek w zakresie komunikacji terapeutycznej.AbstractIntroduction: Surgical treatment is a particularly form of treatment, which is heavily burdening the patient's psyche. The emotional state influences the course of the patient's process. Due to the limited access to a psychologist in hospital conditions, many patients in surgical wards are unable to seek psychological help. Therefore, psychological preparation for surgery is one of the nurses' care. The nurse's communication skills play a key role. They concern one cooperation in supporting mental tension forces, operational relations for treatment before and after surgery.Aim of the study: The aim of the study was to estimate the level of communication skills needed by a nurse in order to optimize contact with a patient awaiting surgery.Material and methods: The study was carried out using the diagnostic survey method. The research technique used in the study was an online survey. In order to collect the necessary information for the study, an original questionnaire on communication with the patient before the surgery was constructed. The study involved a group of 100, randomly selected, representative of nurses working in surgical wards in Poland.Results: The level of communication skills between nurses and patients prepared for surgery was average. The study showed that the skills of providing medical information increased with the length of service of nurses. The age of life differentiated the level of skills in providing medical information before surgery and cooperation in the therapeutic process.Conclusions: The results of the study indicated deficiencies in the field of psychological preparation of patients for surgery among nurses. This proves the need to deepen the knowledge and skills of nurses in the field of therapeutic communication

Ceramic Conductors

This Special Issue of Crystals contains papers focusing on various properties of conducting ceramics. Multiple aspects of both the research and application of this group of materials have been addressed. Conducting ceramics are the wide group of mostly oxide materials which play crucial roles in various technical applications, especially in the context of the harvesting and storage of energy. Without ion-conducting oxides, such as yttria-stabilized zirconia, doped ceria devices such as solid oxide fuel cells would not exist, not to mention the wide group of other ion conductors which can be applied in batteries or even electrolyzers, besides fuel cells. The works published in this Special Issue tackle experimental results as well as general theoretical trends in the field of ceramic conductors, or electroceramics, as it is often referred to

Silver-doped TiO2 prepared by microemulsion method: Surface properties, bio- and photoactivity

A series of Ag-TiO2 photocatalysts were obtained in microemulsion system (water/AOT/cyclohexane), using several Ag precursor amounts ranging from 1.5 to 8.5 mol.%. The photocatalysts’ characteristics by X-ray diffraction, STEM microscopy, UV–vis spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, BET methods showed that a sample with the highest photo- and bioactivity had anatase structure, about 90m2/g specific surface area, absorbed light over 400nm and contained 1.64 at.% of silver (0.30 at.% of Ag0 and 1.34 at.% of Ag2O) and about 13 at.% of carbon in the surface layer. The photocatalytic activity of the catalysts was estimated by measuring the decomposition rate of phenol in 0.21mM aqueous solution under visible and ultraviolet light irradiation. The bioactivity of silver-doped titanium dioxide nanocomposites was estimated using bacteria Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae and pathogenic fungi belonging to Candida family. All modified powders showed localized surface plasmonresonance (LSPR) in visible region with almost the same position of LSPR peaks indicating that similar sizes of silver, regardless of used amount of Ag, is deposited on titania particles during microemulsion method. STEM microscopy revealed that almost 50% of observed silver nanoparticles deposited at the TiO2 surface are in the range from 5 to 10 nm

Terbium Substituted Lanthanum Orthoniobate: Electrical and Structural Properties

The results of electrical conductivity studies, structural measurements and thermogravimetric analysis of La1−xTbxNbO4+δ (x = 0.00, 0.05, 0.1, 0.15, 0.2, 0.3) are presented and discussed. The phase transition temperatures, measured by high-temperature x-ray diffraction, were 480 °C, 500 °C, and 530 °C for La0.9Tb0.1NbO4+δ, La0.8Tb0.2NbO4+δ, and La0.7Tb0.3NbO4+δ, respectively. The impedance spectroscopy results suggest mixed conductivity of oxygen ions and electron holes in dry conditions and protons in wet. The water uptake has been analyzed by the means of thermogravimetry revealing a small mass increase in the order of 0.002% upon hydration, which is similar to the one achieved for undoped lanthanum orthoniobate

New Saccharin Salt of Chlordiazepoxide: Structural and Physicochemical Examination

Since the formation of organic salts can improve the solubility, bioavailability, and stability of active pharmaceutical ingredients, the aim of this work was to prepare an organic salt of chlordiazepoxide with saccharin. To achieve this goal, the saccharin salt of chlordiazepoxide was obtained from a physical mixture of both components by grinding them with a small volume of solvent and by crystallizing them with complete evaporation of the solvent. The resulting salt was examined by methods such as Powder X-ray Diffraction (PXRD), Single Crystal X-ray Diffraction (SCXRD), Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA), Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR), and Raman spectroscopy. The results of the studies proved that saccharin salt of chlordiazepoxide crystallizes in the orthorhombic Pbca space group with one chlordiazepoxide cation and one saccharin anion in the asymmetric unit. In the crystal of the title compound, the chlordiazepoxide cation and the saccharin anion interact through strong N–H···O hydrogen bonds and weak C–H···O hydrogen bonds. The disappearance of the N–H band in the FT-IR spectrum of saccharin may indicate a shift of this proton towards chlordiazepoxide, while the disappearance of the aromatic bond band in the chlordiazepoxide ring in the Raman spectrum may suggest the formation of intermolecular hydrogen bonds between chlordiazepoxide molecules. The melting point of the salts differs from that of the starting compounds. Thermal decomposition of the salt begins above 200 °C and shows at least two overlapping stages of mass loss. In summary, the results of the research showed that the crystalline salt of the saccharin and chlordiazepoxide can be obtained by various methods: grinding with the addition of acetonitrile and crystallization from acetonitrile or a mixture of methanol with methylene chloride