Circular 23

Anchorage and Fairbanks households are an important part of the Alaska market. These two cities are Alaska's largest, including about two-thirds of the total civilian population. -- Households in Anchoraqe and Fairbanks are somewhat larger, their members are younger, have had more schooling, own more appliances, buy more reading materials, and have higher incomes than average households in the South 48. -- Both cities are similar in roost characteristics. Anchorage has slightly more middle-sized families in the middle income bracket. Fairbanks has a few more in both the lowest and highest groupings. Average families are similar in size — 3.7 for Anchorage and 3.5 for Fairbanks. -- Anchorage homemakers have had more schooling than those in Fairbanks, but the difference is not great. Homemakers in both cities have a higher level of schooling than for the nation as a whole. -- Anchorage has more families employed by the government, althouqh government employment is high in both cities. Fairbanks has more employed in trades and construction. Both cities have about the same percentage employed in sales and clerical work, while less than 10 per cent in both cities are employed as laborers. -- Homemakers in both cities have lived in Alaska from 8 to 12 years. Less than 10 p»r cent are Alaska born. Three out of four came to Alaska from a state west of the Mississippi. Fairbanks families have lived in Alaska a little longer than those in Anchorage and a greater proportion plan to make Alaska their permanent home. -- Both Anchorage and Fairbanks households own m ore appliances than is common elsewhere. A greater proportion have T V 's, radios, refrigerators and deep-freezers. In Fairbanks 87 per cent of all families have telephones. -- Most Fairbanks homemakers shop for food specials. Nearly a half reported buying from 50 to 100 per cent of their food at special prices. More than a fourth reported buying from 25 to 50 per cent. -- Anchorage and Fairbanks households have modern buying habits and higher than average incomes. Merchants selling to them must provide quality merchandise and services with modern sales techniques

The Art of Cymbal Making

The purpose of my research paper was to study, analyze and compare cymbal-making processes by popular and independent cymbal manufacturers to understand the individual elements that make cymbals sound the way they do. I researched the history of cymbals, their alloy construct, their physical sound design, and their frequency output. My investigation of individual cymbals began with understanding how each cymbal was made, what it consisted of, and how those factors applied to the sound the cymbal made when a drumstick struck it. I measured the frequency output of five different cymbals by recording each cymbal as it was struck using a Slate Virtual Microphone System. The recorded audio was then run through a Waves PAZ Analyzer, which showed the loudness, RMS, and frequency response of each cymbal. I found that the physical design and the alloys used to make the cymbal are the main factors used to give cymbals their specific sound. Lathing patterns and hammering indentations control how sharp or loose a cymbal will sound. The alloys of a cymbal control the frequency ranges the cymbal sound will be in. I concluded my research realizing there are endless physical design patterns and alloy mixtures that can create an endless amount of different cymbals. There is an art form to cymbal making that applies not only to musicians, but to engineers and craftsman as well. I think this research is especially beneficial to any drummer or audio engineer that is looking to create or record a specific sound with cymbals. By applying the knowledge of alloy mixtures and physical sound design, I, as a drummer and audio engineer, can make my music and productions better for the people I work with and for those who hear it

Talent Theme Dimensions and Academic Success Among Undergraduate Agriculture and Natural Resources Students

Strengths-based education initiatives have been implemented at higher education institutions world-wide as efforts to enhance student retention and degree completion. The Oklahoma State University (OSU) College of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources (CASNR) joined the institutions utilizing strengths identification and development practices during the fall 2008 semester. The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between implementation of strengths initiatives by CASNR and college student success. The study was guided by five research questions: (1) Describe the pre-college and collegiate academic profile of students who matriculated with a major in CASNR and who graduated within the six-year graduation time-frame. (2) Describe the talent profile of students who matriculated with a major in CASNR and who graduated within the six-year graduation time-frame, as based on talents identified by the Clifton StrengthsFinder®. (3)What differences exist in CASNR student' specified college student success factors between dominant talent theme dimension groups? (4) What differences in first-year retention rates and six-year graduation rates exist between the classes of CASNR students preceding implementation of strengths initiatives in the AG 1011 freshmen seminar course and the classes after implementation? (5) Do the college success outcome variables predict student classification into talent theme dimension groups? Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, ANOVA, ANCOVA, independent measures t-tests, and discriminant analysis procedures. It was concluded that academic and talent profiles of CASNR students who experienced the strengths identification and development interventions aligned with profiles of the overall college student population. No significant differences were found in college student success factors between talent theme dimension groups, and no significant difference was found in retention or graduation rates between pre-intervention and post-intervention populations. College student success factors showed no predictive value in distributing theme dimension groups. It was recommended that further study be conducted to evaluate theme dimension group differences and predictive value by CASNR majors and in students' freshmen, sophomore, and junior years and at graduation. It was also recommended that strengths development be integrated into other student experiences and that other assessments be explored to identify student talents.Agricultural Educatio

Cotton seedling diseases : answers to frequently asked questions (1994)

New March 25, 1994

Proceedings of the 17th Annual Meeting, Southern Soybean Disease Workers (March 20-22, 1990, Biloxi, Mississippi): Soybean Disease Control at a Crossroad

Contents Southern Soybean Disease Workers Officers 1989-1990 Southern Soybean Disease Workers Program Committee 1989-1990 Southern Soybean Disease Workers Committee Chairmen 1989-1990 General session Presidential address. B Gazaway Keynote address. K Smith Invited speakers Future Impacts of Biotechnology on Soybean Production and Uses. X Delannay Diseases of Soybean Associated with International Seed Trade. B Moore Impact of Regulatory Change and GLP\u27s on New Fungicide Discovery and Development. G Hammes Graduate student papers Double-Stranded RNA and Virus-Like Particles From the Soybean Stem canker Pathogen, Diaporthe phaseolorum var. caulivora. Y Lee, JP Snow, GT Berggren, and RA Valverde Development of Soybean Varieties Resistant to Phomopsis Seed Decay. MS Zimmerman and HC Minor Cloning of the vir Region of Agrobacterium tumefaciens Chry 5, a Strain Highly Virulent on Soybean. LG Kovacs, JA Wrather, and SG Pueppke Role of Overwintering Bean Leaf Beetle in the Epidemiology of Bean Pod Mottle Virus in Soybeans in Kentucky. JR dosAnjos, SA Ghabinal, DE Hershman, and DW Johnson Contributed papers SSDW soybean Disease Loss Estimates G Sciumbato Effects of Amino Acid Biosynthesis Inhibiting Herbicides on in vitro Growth and Development of Calonectria crotalariae. DK Berner, GT Berggren, and JP Snow Infection Cushion Formation by Rhizoctonia solani on Soybean Leaves. CS Kousik, JP Snow, and GT Berggren Is Stem Canker Monocyclic? KV SubbaRao, JP Snow, and GT Berggren Early-season Fungicide Sprays for Soybean Stem Canker Control. AY Chambers SSDW business session Treasurer\u27s report, 1989. G Hammes Contributed paper session Effect of Frogeye Leaf Spot on Soybeans in Florida. FM Shakes and CK Hiebsch Comparison of Application Timing of Two Foliar Fungicides for Control of Soybean Diseases. JC Rupe and MJ Cochran Performance of Soybean Lines under Stress Due to Brown Stem Rot, Soybean Cyst Nematode, and Iron Deficiency Chlorosis. LM Mansur, H Tachibana, and K Bidne Performance of Soybean Cultivars in Cyst and Peanut Root-Knot Nematode Infested Fields. CE Drye, DK Barefield, ER Shipe, and JD Mueller Yield of Aldicarb Treated Nematode Resistant and Susceptible Soybean Varieties. CE Drye, ER Garner, and JD Mueller Distribution, Races, and Effects of Soybean Cyst Nematode in Missouri. TL Niblack and GS Smith Performance of Selected Nematicides in a Field Infested with Root-Knot and Cyst Nematodes. RW Young, R Rodríguez-Kábana, and EL Carden Performance of Selected Soybean Cultivars in a Field Infested with Meloidogyne arenaria and Heterodera glycines. DG Robertson, R Rodríguez-Kábana, D Weaver, and EL Carden Sorghum-Soybean Rotation for the Management of Root-Knot and Cyst Nematodes: Long Term Effects. CF Weaver, R Rodríguez-Kábana, DB Weaver, and EL Carden Bahiagrass-Soybean Rotation for the Management of Root-Knot and Cyst Nematodes: Long Term Effects. PS King, R Rodríguez-Kábana, DB Weaver, and EL Carden Peanut-Soybean Rotations for the Management of Meloidogyne arenaria. R Rodríguez-Kábana, and DG Robertson Field Evaluation of Polyspecific Nematode Resistance in Soybean. DB Weaver, R Rodríguez-Kábana, and EL Carden Long Term Effects of Selected Rotations with Soybeans and Corn on Populations of Meloidogyne arenaria. R Rodríguez-Kábana, and D.G. Robertson Histopathology of Soybean Roots Inoculated with Fusariurn solani and Heterodera glycines. KS McLean, KW Roy and GW Lawrence. The opinions expressed by the participants at this conference are their own and do not necessarily represent the views of the southern Soybean Disease Workers (SSDW). Text, references, figures, and tables are reproduced essentially as they were supplied by the author(s) of each paper. Mention of pesticides does not constitute a recommendation for use, nor does it imply that the pesticides are registered under the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act as · amended. The use of trade names in this publication does not constitute a guarantee, warranty, or endorsement of the products by SSDW

The Project ENABLE Cornerstone Randomized Controlled Trial: Study Protocol for a Lay Navigator-led, Early Palliative Care Coaching Intervention for African American and Rural-dwelling Advanced Cancer Family Caregivers

Background: Family caregivers play a vital, yet stressful role in managing the healthcare needs and optimizing the quality of life of patients with advanced cancer, from the time they are newly diagnosed until end of life. While early telehealth palliative care has been found to effectively support family caregivers, little work has focused on historically under-resourced populations, particularly African American and rural-dwelling individuals. To address this need, we developed and are currently testing Project ENABLE (Educate, Nurture, Advise, Before Life Ends) Cornerstone, a lay navigator-led, early palliative care coaching intervention for family caregivers of African American and rural-dwelling patients with newly diagnosed advanced cancer.Methods: This is a 2-site, single-blind, hybrid type I implementation-effectiveness trial of the Cornerstone intervention versus usual care. Cornerstone is a multicomponent intervention based on Pearlin’s Stress-Health Process Model where African American and/or rural-dwelling family caregivers of patients with newly diagnosed advanced cancer (target sample size = 294 dyads) are paired with a lay navigator coach and receive a series of six, brief 20–60-min telehealth sessions focused on stress management and coping, caregiving skills, getting help, self-care, and preparing for the future/advance care planning. Subsequent to core sessions, caregivers receive monthly follow-up indefinitely until the patient’s death. Caregiver and patient outcomes are collected at baseline and every 12 weeks until the patient’s death (primary outcome: caregiver distress at 24 weeks; secondary outcomes: caregiver: quality of life and burden; patient: distress, quality of life, and healthcare utilization). Implementation costs and the intervention cost effectiveness are also being evaluated.Discussion: Should this intervention demonstrate efficacy, it would yield an implementation-ready model of early palliative care support for under-resourced family caregivers. A key design principle that has centrally informed the Cornerstone intervention is that every caregiving situation is unique and each caregiver faces distinct challenges that cannot be addressed using a one-size-fits all approach. Hence, Cornerstone employs culturally savvy lay navigator coaches who are trained to establish a strong, therapeutic alliance with participants and tailor their coaching to a diverse range of individual circumstances

Study of the Development and Business Operations of the Clyde Cooperative Association of Medford, Oklahoma

This is a study of the development and annual business operations of the Clyde Cooperative Association of Medford, Oklahoma. The object is to evaluate the factors which have contributed to the success of the association and are likely to influence its future operations. The scope of the study includes an analysis of the growth and development of the association; the financial structure and operations from 1943 through 1947; and the annual operations of each station in the association from 1945 through 1947. The cooperative, which started as a small local unit in 1921 with twenty stockholders, has expanded into a multiple unit firm with more than six hundred stockholders in 1947. The elevator capacity has increased to over 700,000 bushels and plans are being formulated for further expansion. The analysis of the financial structure indicates that the total assets of the firm have increased from $204,432 in 1943 to$654,754 in 1947. This increase was accomplished by the use of facility loans, certificates of indebtedness, retention of annual earnings, and the sale of capital stock. A compaison of financial and operation ratios with similar cooperatives indicated capable management. The operating statements show that the net savings increased from $60,196 in 1943 to$110,273 in 1947. The operating expenses in creased each year and salaries and wages accounted for 54.8 per cent of the total average expenses. The analysis of station operations reveals that each station earned a net saving each year. Sideline activities indicated a net loss at only one station for this 1945 through 1947 crop years. The study indicates a need for careful consideration of such problems as follows: (1) maintain a sufficient volume in periods of business regression to meet the increasing fixed expenses, (2) more efficient utilisation of the time and abilities of each employee, (3) further departmentalisation, accompanied by the addition of an assistant general manager, (4) developement of a more unified merchandising program, (5) further improvement of accounting procedures, (6) special endeavor to further reduce operating expenses, (7) further centralization at Medfored and Lemont, (8) centralised purchasing and inventory control of sideline products, (9) a program for membership education and public relations, (10) repayment of facility loans and certificates of indebtedness as rapidly as net savings permit, (11) a special effort to control credit sales, (12) development of personnel to replace future vacancies in key managemnet positions.Agricultural Economic

The minimum infectious concentration of tobacco mosaic virus required to cause infection in a single cultured cell of Nicotiana tabacum cv. Samsun

An average volume of 1.1 x 10⁻⁶ uliter of TMV suspension was microinjected into a single tobacco cells in culture using a glass capillary micro-needle. All cells produced virus crystals when injected with 620 to 2730 characteristics TMV particles. One of the two cells showed infection after injection with 310 to 1365 characteristic TMV particles and only one of four cells were infected after injection with 62 to 273 characteristic TMV particles. Cell injections at lower concentrations produced no signs of infection. The average volume of virus suspension injected was calculated from 20 volumes of virus injections. It was determined by spectrophotometric absorption that an average of 64 characteristic particles were injected at 10 ⁻² TMV dilution. It was also determined by direct particle count compared to a known concentration of polystyrene latex that an average of 273 characteristic particles was injected in a cell at 10⁻² dilution. From a microvolume (1x10⁻⁶ uliter) containing a 10 ⁻² TMV dilution, placed on a slot grid, four replicates showed an average of 72 characteristic TMV particles injected. Cell variability to TMV infection among cells in culture appears to be of little importance since all cells injected with 620 to 2730 TMV particles became infected. Microinjection of individual cells with known concentration of virus appears to be the best method available to determine the number of virus particles required for infection