Evaluation of fly ash reactivity from incineration of hazardous waste in lime pastes

The annual global production of fly ash is estimated at about 780 million tons per year and has been used successfully in the cement industry for more than 50 years, mainly as a mineral additive in Portland cement and also as a component of mixed cement. In this work, the ash reactivity from hazardous waste as supplementary cement material was evaluated. For this, the ashes reactivity in lime pastes was analyzed, centered on thermogravimetric tests as a characterization technique to determine the phases present. Part of the ashes of hazardous waste was pretreated, in order to eliminate chlorides and sulfates from the incineration process. The ashes were characterized by means of DRX and FRX, finding low content of SiO2 and Al2O3 in the ashes of hazardous residues. The pastes were prepared according to the ASTM C-305 standard, using a water/lime ratio of 0.4. The hydration process was stopped with acetone at the ages of 1, 3, 7, 14, 28 and 56 days. It can be concluded that only mixtures of untreated hazardous waste ash are more attractive to be used as replacements in the production of construction inputs. Copyright © 2019, AIDIC Servizi S.r.l

Sport and school physical education in Medellín

El presente escrito es producto de investigación 1 . Pretendió identificar y describir la situación actual del deporte y la educación física escolar en el municipio de Medellín a partir de las apreciaciones de los docentes que atienden la educación básica primaria en el municipio de Medellín, para lo cual empleó el enfoque cuantitativo desde un estudio no experimental descriptivo, donde participaron 140 docentes de instituciones educativas públicas y privadas del Municipio de Medellín. Los principales aportes están en el contexto de las instituciones educativas y el deporte formativo, definiendo rutas de mejora para ambos escenarios desde dimensiones complementarias en políticas, infraestructura, formación pedagógica y disciplinar permanente para los profesionales que atiendan el área y sus acciones extraescolares. Llama la atención, que solo un 26,4 % de los docentes que atienden el área en Primaria tienen formación específica en Educación Física, Recreación y Deporte, ninguno de los docentes participantes tiene título de doctor, solo un 26,4 % de los docentes de Básica Primaria tienen dedicación exclusiva a Educación Física, recreación y deporte, entre otras conclusiones. Se genera así una ruta para el desarrollo pedagógico y disciplinar de los profesores de Educación Física, Recreación y Deporte de Básica Primaria que debe ser atendida desde el diseño de políticas públicas, el acceso a niveles de formación posgradual y la conformación de programas de formación pedagógica y disciplinar permanente en alianza desde la Secretaría de Educación y las Universidades de la Región en Antioquia y Colombia.Abstract: The present paper is part of the investigation. It aimed to identify and describe the status of sport and physical education in the town of Medellin from the assessments of teachers attending basic primary education in the town of Medellin, for which he used the quantitative approach from one study experimental descriptive, where 140 teachers from public and private educational institutions participated Medellin. Its main contributions are in the context of educational institutions and sports training, defining routes for improvement for both scenarios from complementary dimensions in policies, infrastructure, ongoing teacher training and discipline for professionals that serve the area and their extracurricular activities. It is striking that only 26.4% of teachers serving in primary area have specific training in Physical Education, Recreation and Sports, none of the participating teachers have doctoral degrees, only 26.4% of teachers Basic Elementary have exclusive Physical Education, Recreation and Sport dedication, among other findings. This entails a development path for the teaching and discipline of teachers of Physical Education, Recreation and Sports Primary Basic that must be addressed from the design of public policies, access to training posgradual levels, the establishment of teacher training programs discipline and permanent alliance from the Ministry of Education and the universities of the region in Antioquia and Colombia