Quantum Coherence, Coherent Information and Information Gain in Quantum Measurement

A measurement is deemed successful, if one can maximize the information gain by the measurement apparatus. Here, we ask if quantum coherence of the system imposes a limitation on the information gain during quantum measurement. First, we argue that the information gain in a quantum measurement is nothing but the coherent information or the distinct quantum information that one can send from the system to apparatus. We prove that the maximum information gain from a pure state, using a mixed apparatus is upper bounded by the initial coherence of the system. Further, we illustrate the measurement scenario in the presence of environment. We argue that the information gain is upper bounded by the entropy exchange between the system and the apparatus. Also, to maximize the information gain, both the initial coherence of the apparatus, and the final entanglement between the system and apparatus should be maximum. Moreover, we find that for a fixed amount of coherence in the final apparatus state the more robust apparatus is, the more will be the information gain.Comment: 6 Pages, Comments are welcom

Decentralization and environmental conservation: gender effects from participation in joint forest management

"This paper analyzes how women's participation affects institutional outcomes related to the decentralized governance of community forests in Madhya Pradesh, India. The analysis is based on data from a representative sample of 641 cases of joint forest management, India's flagship program to involve communities in forest governance. We focus on two outcomes relevant for local livelihoods: control of illicit grazing and control of illicit felling in the forest. The paper statistically estimates the effects of women's participation on outcomes, and also the source of this effect in terms of women's representation in committees and action in protecting forests. We find that women's participation has substantial positive effects on regulating illicit grazing and felling, even after controlling for the effects of a range of independent variables. We also find that the “action effect” is more important than the “representation effect,” confirming some major arguments advanced by feminist environmentalists. Our statistical results are robust to different specifications and provide considerable empirical support for promoting women's participation in community-based protection of natural resources." Author's AbstractForestry resources, Gender equity, Decentralization, Community forestry, Forest management, Natural resources., Environmental protection, Gender, Collective action, Environmental management,

Reproductive Profile: Women Bidi Workers of District Sagar of MP

For the present investigation, cross sectional data on different aspects of fertility was collected from 119 households of district Sagar of Madhya Pradesh. A semi structure schedule was used to collect information on age, sex, age at first birth, total number of live births, number of children died, number of surviving children, pregnancy experienced by mothers and reproductive wastage etc. It was found that 499 pregnancies were experienced by 112 mothers, out of which 4525 were total live birth, 68 were child loss and 47 were fetal loss. By using these variable, fertility was estimated, and rates and ratio such as Child women ratio, Crude birth rate, General fertility rate, Age specific fertility rate, General marital fertility rate, Gross reproduction rate, Total fertility rate etc. were calculated. Among bidi workers, the mean age of mother at first birth was found to be 21.31±12.5 years. The crude birth rate (CBR) was found to be 24.6. Total fertility rate was 5.5, which is quite higher as compared to vital rate of Madhya Pradesh and Nation, whereas General fertility rate was 100 and General marital fertility rate was 138.2. The Gross reproduction rate was 2.69, whereas the highest ASFR was found to be 400 among mothers belonging to age group of 15-19 years. It was concluded that the studied population have higher fertility rate and requires further investigation to find out the reason behind it

Structural interrogation of phosphoproteome identified by mass spectrometry reveals allowed and disallowed regions of phosphoconformation

High-throughput mass spectrometric (HT-MS) study is the method of choice for monitoring global changes in proteome. Data derived from these studies are meant for further validation and experimentation to discover novel biological insights. Here we evaluate use of relative solvent accessible surface area (rSASA) and DEPTH as indices to assess experimentally determined phosphorylation events deposited in PhosphoSitePlus. Based on accessibility, we map these identifications on allowed (accessible) or disallowed (inaccessible) regions of phosphoconformation. Surprisingly a striking number of HT- MS/MS derived events (1461/5947 sites or 24.6%) are present in the disallowed region of conformation. By considering protein dynamics, autophosphorylation events and/or the sequence specificity of kinases, 13.8% of these phosphosites can be moved to the allowed region of conformation. We also demonstrate that rSASA values can be used to increase the confidence of identification of phosphorylation sites within an ambiguous MS dataset. While MS is a stand-alone technique for the identification of vast majority of phosphorylation events, identifications within disallowed region of conformation will benefit from techniques that independently probe for phosphorylation and protein dynamics. Our studies also imply that trapping alternate protein conformations may be a viable alternative to the design of inhibitors against mutation prone drug resistance kinases

The Study of Goods and Services Tax on Multinational Companies in India

Although India has third largest economic growth,it can be much faster if we had an ideal tax system which collects taxes at different stages of manufacture, supply, wholesale, retailing and final consumption. These tax paid at different stages is not on the entire price but only on the value added. Keeping this in mind a new taxation system known as Goods and Services Tax (GST) was introduced in India, in order to remove the previous tax system which misses lead things and slower the economic growth. Due to the new introduction of the taxation system, many sectors of business were affected. Multinational Companies (MNCs) also faced changes.Import-export of MNCs, Customs duty application on MNCs and various effects on various MNCs are the things covered in this pape

Dental Myths and Taboos: Hurdles to Oral Health

For generations, the dental profession has encountered countless subjects coming up with diverse myths and other illogical beliefs. Most of these have their roots deeply seated in cultural and religious factors. These myths have got a significant impact on oral health of the population, leading to a poor oral health status and ultimately degrading the oral health related quality of life. There is an urgent need to break this chain of unreasoned concepts that is being passed from one generation to the next. It is a difficult task but not impossible. The requirement of the hour is to impart dental health education at grass root level for behavioural modification and dissolving the irrational beliefs for increasing oral health awareness and dental care utilization rate

A Comprehensive Review on Anti-Cancer Properties of Amaranthus viridis

Amaranthus Viridis L. belongs to the Family (Amaranthaceae) commonly known as “Chowlai” which a common name. A. Viridis contains several compounds like Quercetin, Kaempferol, Hydroxycinnamic acids (HCs) (coumaric acid, ferulic acid, sinapic acid, caffeic acid, chlorogenic acid, rosmarinic acid), Syringic acid (SA), Rutin, Vitexin, Vanillic acid, etc . In search of new activities and chemical entities, phytochemical screening of the extract from leaves of A. Viridis L. indicates the presence of biologically active constituents saponins, tannins, phenols, flavonoids, alkaloids, cardiac glycoside, steroids, and triterpenoids. Quercetin is the aglycone form of several other flavonoid glycosides, Kaempferol (3,4′,5,7- tetrahydroxyflavone) is a natural flavonol, a type of flavonoid, Syringic acid (SA) is a phenolic compound of natural origin. Syringic acid (SA) is a phenolic compound which obtained from natural origin. SA is an excellent compound to be used as a therapeutic agent in various diseases (diabetes, CVDs, cancer, cerebral ischemia, neuro and liver damage) and possesses anti-oxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and antiendotoxic activities. Vitexin (apigenin-8-C-glucoside) has also shows the wide range of pharmacological effects, including but not limited to anti-oxidant, anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective effects. Vanillic acid shows the anti-cancer activity

SELF NANOEMULSIFYING DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM- A NOVALAPPROACH FOR IMPROVING BIOAVAILABILITY

The primary object of self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery system (SNEDDS) is to enhance the oral bioavailability of poorly  water soluble drugs.The major problem in oral formulations is low and erratic bioavailability, which mainly results due to poor aqueous solubility of active constituents. Among various approach SNEDDS has gained more attention due to enhanced oral bio-availability enabling reduction in dose. Nano-emulsions can be easily fabricated by low-energy emulsification methods, such as the phase inversion ,temperature method and phase inversion composition method. SNEDDS are anhydrous homogenous liquid mixtures consisting of oil, surfactant, drug and co-emulsifier or solubilizer, which spontaneously form oil-in-water nanoemulsion of approximately 200 nm or less in size upon dilution with water under gentle stirring. Keywords: Self emulsifying drug delivery system, surfactant, co-surfactant