Testing metabolic and pharmacological agents for recovery following de novo acute heart failure in an isolated rat heart model

Acute heart failure is a potentially lethal clinical emergency without any effective therapy. Using an isolated rat heart model, we established and validated a model of de novo acute heart failure to study novel putative cardio protective therapies against acute heart failure, including glucose, insulin and the molecular agent sphingosine-1-phosphate(component of high density lipoprotein) for recovery. In isolated rat hearts, the protocol consisted of three phases: stabilization at normotensive perfusion pressure, hypotensive acute heart failure and recovery by restoring normotension. Low glucose (2.5mM) and high albumin-bound free fatty acids (1.3mM) (±adrenaline 10-M) were added in theperfusate. Molecular and metabolic agents were administered either alone or in combination in the acute heart failure or recovery phases. Effects of glucose, insulin and sphingosine-1-phosphatewere observed on heart function, cell death and mitochondrial respiration. In the absence of adrenaline, combination of glucose andsphingosine-1-phosphateduring acute heart failure improved functional recovery by increasing the heart rate. In the presence of adrenaline, glucose and sphingosine-1-phosphate administered separately were cardioprotective in the recovery phase by improving heart rate. The combination of glucose+insulin and glucose+sphingosine-1-phosphate in the recovery phase also increased heart rate. Glucos9+sphingosine-1-phosphate+insulin increased heart rate and left ventricular developed pressure.Sphingosine-1-phosphate reduced expression of cytochrome C, but metabolic agents had no effect.AG490 (inhibitor of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3) attenuated the cardio protective effect of sphingosine-1-phosphatewithincreased expression of the phosphorylated inactive form of this transcription factor protein. Conclusion: We have established and validated an ex-vivo model of de novoacute heart failure. The combination of metabolic and molecular treatments improved heart function by increasingsinus node activity_ Sphingosine-1-phosphate not only improved heart rate, but also reduced cell death, an effect mediated via activation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3. Our data provide novel principles and approaches for the treatment of acute heart failure

A new species of \u3cem\u3eIsometrus\u3c/em\u3e Ehrenberg, 1828 (Scorpiones: Buthidae) from southeastern plains of Tamil Nadu, India

We here describe a new species of Isometrus Ehrenberg, 1828 from the southeastern plains of Tamil Nadu, India, which is known only from its type locality, Chengalpattu. The new species was recovered as sister to Isometrus nakshatra based on a molecular phylogeny inferred from COI and 16S mitochondrial genes. Sequence divergence between the new species and all the Indian congeners was 12.6–15.7 % for COI and 12.2–14.4 % for 16S. The new species can also be differentiated from all the Indian congeners based on the following set of characters: surface of carapace with mixed (coarse and fine) and dense granulation; telson vesicle length to depth ratio in males 3.5–3.7; chela length to width ratio in males 5.0–5.4; metasomal length to carapace length ratio in males 8.2–8.9; coarse granulation on mesosomal tergites V and VI along the margins; lateral supramedian and ventral lateral carinae on metasomal segments II–IV moderately to weakly granular; ventral median carina of telson vesicle weakly granular; spiniform granules of promedian carina of the pedipalp patella strongly developed. This is the ninth species of Isometrus described from India and the first species from southeastern peninsular India. This discovery highlights the need for more surveys from the eastern peninsular region

Two new species of \u3cem\u3eChiromachetes\u3c/em\u3e (Scorpiones: Hormuridae) from the northern Western Ghats, India

Two new species of Chiromachetes Pocock, 1899 (Hormuridae) are described from the northern Western Ghats of India using an integrated taxonomic approach. Chiromachetes parakrami sp. n. and C. ramdasswamii sp. n. are closely related and differ from each other and C. sahyadriensis by morphological features and raw genetic divergence of 7.9–9.4 %

Molecular and morphological confirmation of \u3cem\u3eIsometrus maculatus\u3c/em\u3e (DeGeer, 1778) (Scorpiones: Buthidae) from Northeast India and East Asia

We present molecular data on Isometrus maculatus (DeGeer, 1778) for the first time from India, Japan, and Taiwan based on the COI gene and justify the cosmopolitan nature of this species. We also address the first population of I. maculatus found in Teliamura, Tripura, India and give its detailed description and comparison with the rest of the Isometrus species from India. Furthermore, we discuss the justification for considering Sri Lanka as the true home of I. maculatus

Integrated motor drives: state of the art and future trends

With increased need for high power density, high efficiency and high temperature capabilities in Aerospace and Automotive applications, Integrated Motor Drives (IMD) offers a potential solution. However, close physical integration of the converter and the machine may also lead to an increase in components temperature. This requires careful mechanical, structural and thermal analysis; and design of the IMD system. This paper reviews existing IMD technologies and their thermal effects on the IMD system. The effects of the power electronics (PE) position on the IMD system and its respective thermal management concepts are also investigated. The challenges faced in designing and manufacturing of an IMD along with the mechanical and structural impacts of close physical integration is also discussed and potential solutions are provided. Potential converter topologies for an IMD like the Matrix converter, 2-level Bridge, 3-level NPC and Multiphase full bridge converters are also reviewed. Wide band gap devices like SiC and GaN and their packaging in power modules for IMDs are also discussed. Power modules components and packaging technologies are also presented

Figures 12–17 in A new species of Isometrus Ehrenberg, 1828 (Scorpiones: Buthidae) from southeastern plains of Tamil Nadu, India

Figures 12–17. Isometrus longitelson sp. n., male, holotype. Pedipalp chela dorsal (12) and ventral (13) views, patella dorsal (14) and external (15) views, femur dorsal (16) and internal (17) views. Trichobothrial pattern indicated by yellow circles. Scale bar = 1 mm.Published as part of Deshpande, Shubhankar, Gowande, Gaurang, Bastawade, Deshabhushan & Sulakhe, Shauri, 2022, A new species of Isometrus Ehrenberg, 1828 (Scorpiones: Buthidae) from southeastern plains of Tamil Nadu, India, pp. 1-19 in Euscorpius 353 on page 8, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.716323

Figures 23–26 in A new species of Isometrus Ehrenberg, 1828 (Scorpiones: Buthidae) from southeastern plains of Tamil Nadu, India

Figures 23–26. Isometrus longitelson sp. n., male, holotype, metasoma in dorsal (23), ventral (24) and lateral (25) views under UV light and mesosomal tergites V–VI of dorsal view under UV light (26). Scale bars = 5 mm (23–25); 2 mm (26).Published as part of <i>Deshpande, Shubhankar, Gowande, Gaurang, Bastawade, Deshabhushan & Sulakhe, Shauri, 2022, A new species of Isometrus Ehrenberg, 1828 (Scorpiones: Buthidae) from southeastern plains of Tamil Nadu, India, pp. 1-19 in Euscorpius 353</i> on page 10, DOI: <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/7163239">10.5281/zenodo.7163239</a&gt

Figures 8–11 in A new species of Isometrus Ehrenberg, 1828 (Scorpiones: Buthidae) from southeastern plains of Tamil Nadu, India

Figures 8–11. Isometrus longitelson sp. n., male, holotype, dorsal (8) and ventral (9) views under UV light, carapace under white light (10), carapace under UV light (11). Scale bars = 5 mm (8, 9); 2 mm (10, 11).Published as part of <i>Deshpande, Shubhankar, Gowande, Gaurang, Bastawade, Deshabhushan & Sulakhe, Shauri, 2022, A new species of Isometrus Ehrenberg, 1828 (Scorpiones: Buthidae) from southeastern plains of Tamil Nadu, India, pp. 1-19 in Euscorpius 353</i> on page 7, DOI: <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/7163239">10.5281/zenodo.7163239</a&gt

Figure 32 in A new species of Isometrus Ehrenberg, 1828 (Scorpiones: Buthidae) from southeastern plains of Tamil Nadu, India

Figure 32. Bayesian phylogenetic tree for Isometrus. Values along the nodes are Bayesian posterior probabilities for Bayesian Inference.Published as part of <i>Deshpande, Shubhankar, Gowande, Gaurang, Bastawade, Deshabhushan & Sulakhe, Shauri, 2022, A new species of Isometrus Ehrenberg, 1828 (Scorpiones: Buthidae) from southeastern plains of Tamil Nadu, India, pp. 1-19 in Euscorpius 353</i> on page 16, DOI: <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/7163239">10.5281/zenodo.7163239</a&gt