Inverse modelling for parameter estimation and experiment design

Inverse modelling forced itself on the attention of scientists in the 1960s with the advent of satellites and other revelatory technologies, despite their putative ill-posedness, when it became clear that estimation of parameters of a system not in themselves directly observed but extractable from their signatures in measured data, constituted an ineluctable problem of modern society. This paper begins by formulating the basic statement of inverse problems which have a generic form and leads through philosophical and analytical approaches to their possible solutions that are inherently non-unique. Finally, an example is provided for inverse modelling of the shear wave velocity structure of the crust beneath the ancient granites around Hyderabad from an analysis of reverberations caused by it that appear in the early part of broadband seismograms

Classifiers in Image processing

Image classification is a necessary step in pattern recognition, the efficiency and accuracy mainly depends on the classification .To do the successful classification pre-processing, segmentation, at last feature extraction have to do. Recognition rate depends on all the steps but classification has its own importance in pattern recognition. Some important classifier such assupport vector machine (SVM),artificial neural network(ANN), decision tree, KNN etc. All has their importance in one or the other way. In this paper there is a discussion about many classifiers

A Survey on Feature Extraction Techniques for Handwritten Character Recognition

The efficiency and accuracy of the optical character recognition system is very much dependent on the appropriate choice of the feature extraction techniques used. In the field of pattern recognition hand written character recognition is an interesting field of research. If the features calculated or observed for a character are enough and complete to specify it then classification errors can be minimized. So feature extraction plays a vital role in the handwritten character recognition. This paper describes about the different techniques of feature extraction

A Shock Wave Attached to a Pointed Obstacle in a Steady flow of a Dissociating Gas

A pointed obstacle is assumed symmetrically placed with respect to a uniform supersonic flow ahead of it. It is assumed that an oblique shock wave attached to the leading edge of the obstacle appears form the vertex so that the flow after the shock is along the surface of the obstacle. In this paper a relation between the curvature of an attached shock wave and that of a stream line is discovered. It is concluded that in a steady flow of an ideal dissociating gas, the stream lines at the rear of a straight attached shock wave are necessarily curved lines, whereas in an ordinary gas flow only a straight line flow is possible behind a straight shock

A gene producing one to nine flowers per flowering node in chickpea

Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) has a racemose type of inflorescence and at each axis of the raceme usually one or two and rarely three flowers are borne. Plants producing 3 to 9 flowers, arranged in a cymose inflorescence, at many axis of the raceme, were identified in F2 of an interspecific cross ICC 5783 (C. arietinum) × ICCW 9 (C. reticulatum) in which both the parents involved were single-flowered. A spontaneous mutation in one of the two parents or in the F1 was suspected. However, the possibility for establishment of a rare recombination of two interacting recessive genes could not be ruled out. The number of pods set varied from 0 to 5 in each cyme. Inheritance studies indicated that a single recessive gene, designated cym, is responsible for cymose inflorescence. The allelic relationship of cym with sfl, a gene for double-flowered trait, was studied from a cross involving multiflowered plants and the double-flowered line ICC 4929. The cym gene was not allelic to sfl, suggesting that two loci control the number of flowers per peduncle in chickpea. The cym locus segregated independently of the locus sfl, ifc (inhibitor of flower color) and blv (bronze leave)

Stress Analysis of Multi Leaf Spring by Using Experimental Method

Leaf springs are used in vehicles for suspension purpose in all type of vehicles. Ample amount of work has been done on the analysis of leaf spring. Researcher focused on the  analysis of stresses developed in spring by using different FEM tool also several worked on predict fatigue life of leaf spring. After review of available literature on leaf spring it is found that the very few literature is available on analysis of springs used for light commercial vehicle. This paper describes the static analysis of multi leaf spring by using experimental method i.e. strain gauge under various loading conditio

Receding the entrainment of concomitant Ultrafines by MGS in Lead Concentrate of Rajpura - Dariba Concentrator

Due to the fine dissemination and complex mineralogy the Rajpu ra-Dariba (RD) lead --inc ore poses special problems in concentration by corrventional froth flotation. In order to achieve the desired metallurgical results 'Multi Gravity Separator, a twin drum system, has recently been installed in the lead circuit of RD concentrator. Open and closed trial tests were conducted, without sacrificing the economic metal tt•ith substantial abatement of ultrafine card fine srliceuus and graphite matter in lead concentrate. The metallurgical alludes achieved are (i) over 85% -400 mesh fines are separated in the form of MGS tails whereas 53% -400 mesh are obtained in MGS concentrate from the feed(lead rougher concentrate) 77% -400 mesh with 52% Pb, I% Gr. C and 2.5% ISM in respective Wt. %distribution i.e., 47.3 and 3, (ii) tails are characterised br- >93% ultrafine of <20 microns particles encompass 21 % Pb, 8% Gr: C and 39% ISM with respective Wt. % distribution i.e., 32. 93, 83% in -400 mesh fr-action, resulting in effective rejection of Gr. C and ISM, (iii)conventional lead concentrate consists of 28% +400 mesh material only with all the assorted fines and ultrafines. Mine ralogically, it is established that composite bigger particles of sulphide gangue and graphite are the main contributor. for silica and graphite in MGS concentrate. Over 39% by vol. fines are alienated as MGS tails, in the form of free sulphide, gangue and graphite minerals. Installation of MGS in lead circuit, confirms the significant reduction of Gr:C and ISM in particular to high GMS_feed rnix in lead concentrate in comparison to lead concentrate by conventional route