Genaro v. Central Transport: a New Direction in Ohio Law Regarding Employment Discrimination

Part I of this Note will examine the Genaro decision in depth, focusing on the Ohio Supreme Court’s reasoning. The court looked at the language of Ohio Revised Code Chapter 4112, specifically the use of the word “agent” as support for its imposition of individual liability. In addition, Part II will also examine the the policy goals the Ohio Supreme Court has attempted to achieve. Finally, Part II will also demonstrate that the Genaro decision is a poor one, one which was not legislatively intended, one that imposes an undue burden on individuals without a corresponding increase in benefit to plaintiffs and one that was unnecessary, given the protections to plaintiffs which already exist through vicarious liability and other causes of action

COMO A PEDAGOGIA CRÍTICA DO ESPORTE CONTRIBUI PARA A EDUCAÇÃO FÍSICA NA ALEMANHA

The aim of this paper is to substantiate the educational potential of sport in PE programs at school and to explore how critical sport pedagogy can contribute to these programs. To this end, the main ideas behind critical-emancipatory movements in Germany over the past 40 years are investigated and outlined. Due to the absence of a holistic approach, the focus of the current concept of educative PE in Germany is twofold: to educate toward sport and to educate through sport. In line with this concept, sport in society needs to be addressed without simply being adopted as a model. Following these core assumptions, this paper puts forward the thesis that sport has the potential to empower children to deal with their increasingly complex and contingent lifeworlds, which is important when facing future challenges such as social issues and, thus, provides pedagogical legitimization of PE as a school subject. El objetivo de este artículo es evidenciar el potencial educacional del deporte en programas de Educación Física en la escuela y explorar como la pedagogía crítica del deporte puede contribuir a estos programas. Para este fin, las principales ideas presupuestas en los movimientos crítico-emancipatórios de Alemania en las últimas cuatro décadas son investigadas y delineadas. Debido a la ausencia de un abordaje holístico, el propósito del actual concepto de Educación Física educativa en Alemania es duplo: educar para el deporte y educar a través del deporte. Según este concepto, el deporte en la sociedad necesita ser problematizado sin ser solamente asumido como un modelo. De acuerdo con esas premisas centrales, este artículo trabaja con la tesis de que el deporte tiene el potencial de empoderar niños para tratar con sus mundos cada vez más complejos y contingentes, lo que es importante para enfrentar los futuros desafíos como una cuestión social y, por lo tanto, ofrecer legitimación pedagógica de la Educación Física como materia escolar.  O objetivo desse artigo é evidenciar o potencial educacional do esporte em programas de Educação Física na escola e explorar como a pedagogia crítica do esporte pode contribuir para esses programas. Para este fim, as principais ideias pressupostas nos movimentos crítico-emancipatórios de Alemanha, nas últimas quatro décadas, são investigadas e delineadas. Graças à ausência de uma abordagem holística, o propósito atual de Educação Física na Alemanha é duplo: educar para o esporte e educar através do esporte. Segundo esse conceito, o esporte na sociedade precisa ser problematizado sem ser apenas assumido como um modelo. Conforme essas premissas centrais, esse texto trabalha com a tese de que o esporte tem o potencial de empoderar crianças para lidar com seus mundos cada vez mais complexos e contingentes, o que é importante para enfrentar os futuros desafios como uma questão social e, portanto, oferecer a legitimação pedagógica da Educação Física como matéria escolar.

The implementation of alternative dispute resolution methods by architectural practitioners in South Africa

Disputes within the built environment are usually diverse, with their complexity often depending on the number of role players and difficulty of  the construction project. Disputes can be resolved through litigation, but this is often costly and time consuming. A study in 2012 reveals that,  among others, arbitration, mediation, negotiation and adjudication are different forms of Alternative Dispute-Resolution (ADR) methods preferred and used to resolve disputes in the built environment. This article offers insight into the current preference and application of ADR methods by architectural practitioners in the South African built environment.  Registered persons, as defined by the South African Council for the Architectural Profession (SACAP), formed the population of this study. According to SACAP, a registered person is defined as a person who is registered in one of the categories of professionals and/or candidates. The study will refer to architectural practitioners as a collective population group. A  questionnaire survey was distributed to 13 622 registered SACAP professionals and candidates to determine the implementation of ADR methods. This questionnaire was distrusted by the Chief Operations Officer, Mrs Barbara van Stade to the aforementioned SACAP database. The survey response amounted to 396 participating architectural practitioners, resulting in 2.91% of registered architectural professionals and candidates in the South African built environment. Consequently, this is the most comprehensive study on the preferred use of ADR methods by architectural practitioners in the built environment of South Africa. This study specifically focuses on architectural practitioners who have been involved in settling disputes between the period of 2012 to 2016. The findings reveal a shifting preference in ADR methods used since what the previous study found in 2012. Although previous studies indicate adjudication as the preferred method to resolve disputes, the data reveals that architectural  practitioners increasingly make use of negotiation, followed by mediation and then arbitration. This study identifies current ADR trends, and provides a perspective on the future development of ADR mechanisms for architectural professionals in the South African built environment.&nbsp

A curriculum framework for informal urban agriculture

D.Phil.The purpose of this research is to develop a curriculum framework for a distance education course in sustainable urban agriculture, whereby it is envisaged to train the trainers of urban farmers. The factors which motivated this study are mainly socioeconomic and ecological in nature and include the food crisis of the urban poor, unsustainable agricultural practices, malnutrition, starvation, health risks and high population growth in cities. Sustainability in urban agriculture implicates a need for environmental education and ecological agriculture. An exploratory and descriptive research design was used in the empirical study to determine the feasibility of an urban agriculture course through distance education. The need for Environmental Education in this course as well as the best media to use for the course were determined. Secondly, the policies and assistance by local governments to establish an infrastructure for practising sustainable urban agriculture, aimed at improving socio-economic and environmental sustainability, were determined. In both these cases a quantitative research study was undertaken, using a questionnaire as the data collecting instrument and a research survey as the method of enquiry. The sampling population was purposively selected. The questionnaires were coded and the data from the closed-ended questions was computer-analysed while data from the open-ended questions was content analysed, using Kerlinger's method of content analysis. Thirdly, a literature study was done on the educational philosophies and the philosophical base undergirding this curriculum as well as curriculum design models and sources of change, influencing this curriculum. A curriculum design model was chosen to serve as a theoretical foundation for designing an urban agriculture curriculum. Finally an empirical study with a discriptive and exploratory research design was undertaken in a qualitative research study to set the curriculum framework for a distance education course in urban agriculture

The Topological Vertex

We construct a cubic field theory which provides all genus amplitudes of the topological A-model for all non-compact Calabi-Yau toric threefolds. The topology of a given Feynman diagram encodes the topology of a fixed Calabi-Yau, with Schwinger parameters playing the role of Kahler classes of Calabi-Yau. We interpret this result as an operatorial computation of the amplitudes in the B-model mirror which is the Kodaira-Spencer quantum theory. The only degree of freedom of this theory is an unconventional chiral scalar on a Riemann surface. In this setup we identify the B-branes on the mirror Riemann surface as fermions related to the chiral boson by bosonization.Comment: 70 pages, 16 figures, harvma

Conformal Symmetry and the Three Point Function for the Gravitational Axial Anomaly

This work presents a first study of a radiative calculation for the gravitational axial anomaly in the massless Abelian Higgs model. The two loop contribution to the anomalous correlation function of one axial current and two energy-momentum tensors, , is computed at an order that involves only internal matter fields. Conformal properties of massless field theories are used in order to perform the Feynman diagram calculations in the coordinate space representation. The two loop contribution is found not to vanish, due to the presence of two independent tensor structures in the anomalous correlator.Comment: 34 pages, 5 figures, RevTex, Minor changes, Final version for Phys. Rev.

Jost-Lehmann-Dyson Representation, Analyticity in Angle Variable and Upper Bounds in Noncommutative Quantum Field Theory

The existence of Jost-Lehmann-Dyson representation analogue has been proved in framework of space-space noncommutative quantum field theory. On the basis of this representation it has been found that some class of elastic amplitudes admits an analytical continuation into complex \cos\vartheta plane and corresponding domain of analyticity is Martin ellipse. This analyticity combined with unitarity leads to Froissart-Martin upper bound on total cross section.Comment: LaTeX, 15 pages, improved version, misprints corrected, the references added, to appear in Theor. Math. Phy

Predictions of SUSY Masses in the Minimal SUSY GUT

The MSSM distinguishes itself from other GUT's by a successful prediction of many unrelated phenomena with a minimum number of parameters. Among them: a) Unification of the couplings constants; b)Unification of the masses; c) Proton decay; d) Electroweak symmetry breaking. A combined fit of the free parameters in the MSSM to these low energy constraints shows that the MSSM model can satisfy these constraints simultaneously. From the fitted parameters the masses of the as yet unobserved superpartners of the SM particles are predicted. The 2nd order QCD coupling constant is required to be between 0.108 and 0.132. It is shown that a top mass of $174\pm16$ GeV, as suggested recently by the CDF Collaboration, constrains the mixing angle between the Higgs doublets in the MSSM to: 1.2<\tb<5.5 at the 90% C.L.. The most probable value corresponds to \tb = 1.56, which leads to a stop mass below the top mass. In this case the stop production in $p\bar{p}$ collisions would contribute to the top signature. This could be an explanation for the large effective $t\bar{t}$ cross section observed by CDF.Comment: latex + eps fig IEKP-KA/94-0