7 research outputs found

    Ingénierie collaborative entre établissements du supérieur et communauté de pratique d'ingénieurs pédagogiques

    Get PDF
    International audienceL’environnement des formations professionnelles en santĂ© Ă©volue : Ă©volution des publics entrant dans ces formations, rapprochement avec une culture universitaire (rĂ©ingĂ©nierie des formations, universitarisation), usage des outils numĂ©riques en formation. Les formateurs et les instituts de formation doivent donc adapter leurs pratiques pĂ©dagogiques Ă  ces nouvelles contraintes. Dans ce cadre, L’IFPEK, en tant qu’établissement de formation initiale en santĂ©, a souhaitĂ© accompagner le dĂ©veloppement professionnel de ses formateurs dans des pratiques pĂ©dagogiques renouvelĂ©es.Pour initier ce programme de dĂ©veloppement, l’IFPEK a fait appel Ă  ses ressources externes pour la conception du dispositif avec un rĂ©seau de partenaire historique rennais sur la transformation pĂ©dagogique en formation professionnelle. La finalitĂ© Ă©tant d’initier une communautĂ© de pratique de territoire en enseignement supĂ©rieur pour soutenir le dĂ©veloppement des compĂ©tences pĂ©dagogiques des formateurs et enseignants du milieu de la santĂ©.Cette coopĂ©ration d’établissement autour du projet de l’IFPEK s’est dĂ©veloppĂ©e grĂące Ă  une proximitĂ© gĂ©ographique avec deux autres Ă©tablissements dĂ©jĂ  bien avancĂ©e dans cette rĂ©flexion de la transformation et de l’accompagnement au dĂ©veloppement pĂ©dagogique : l’universitĂ© de Rennes 2 (avec le SUP - service universitaire de pĂ©dagogie) et l’EHESP (avec son Centre d'Appui PĂ©dagogique) : chaque Ă©tablissement agissant en complĂ©mentaritĂ© sur la conception de ce premier dispositif de dĂ©veloppement professionnel des formateurs. L’analyse de cette expĂ©rimentation d’ingĂ©nierie collaborative s’est aussi rĂ©alisĂ©e entre les trois Ă©tablissements

    CpG-Activated Regulatory B-Cell Progenitors Alleviate Murine Graft-Versus-Host-Disease

    No full text
    International audienceDevelopment of Graft Versus Host Disease (GVHD) represents a major impediment in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). The observation that the presence of bone marrow and circulating hematogones correlated with reduced GVHD risks prompted us to evaluate whether B-cell progenitors, which provide protection in various autoimmune disease models following activation with the TLR-9 agonist CpG (CpG-proBs), could likewise reduce this allogeneic disorder. In a murine model of GVHD that recapitulates an initial phase of acute GVHD followed by a phase of chronic sclerodermatous GVHD, we found that CpG-proBs, adoptively transferred during the initial phase of disease, reduced the diarrhea score and mostly prevented cutaneous fibrosis. Progenitors migrated to the draining lymph nodes and to the skin where they mainly differentiated into follicular B cells. CpG activation and IFN-Îł expression were required for the protective effect, which resulted in reduced CD4 + T-cell-derived production of critical cytokines such as TGF-ÎČ, IL-13 and IL-21. Adoptive transfer of CpG-proBs increased the T follicular regulatory to T follicular helper (Tfr/Tfh) ratio. Moreover, CpG-proBs privileged the accumulation of IL-10-positive CD8 + T cells, B cells and dendritic cells in the skin. However, CpG-proBs did not improve survival. Altogether, our findings support the notion that adoptively transferred CpG-proBs exert immunomodulating effect that alleviates symptoms of GVHD but require additional anti-inflammatory strategy to improve survival

    Ingénierie collaborative entre établissements du supérieur et communauté de pratique d'ingénieurs pédagogiques

    No full text
    International audienceL’environnement des formations professionnelles en santĂ© Ă©volue : Ă©volution des publics entrant dans ces formations, rapprochement avec une culture universitaire (rĂ©ingĂ©nierie des formations, universitarisation), usage des outils numĂ©riques en formation. Les formateurs et les instituts de formation doivent donc adapter leurs pratiques pĂ©dagogiques Ă  ces nouvelles contraintes. Dans ce cadre, L’IFPEK, en tant qu’établissement de formation initiale en santĂ©, a souhaitĂ© accompagner le dĂ©veloppement professionnel de ses formateurs dans des pratiques pĂ©dagogiques renouvelĂ©es.Pour initier ce programme de dĂ©veloppement, l’IFPEK a fait appel Ă  ses ressources externes pour la conception du dispositif avec un rĂ©seau de partenaire historique rennais sur la transformation pĂ©dagogique en formation professionnelle. La finalitĂ© Ă©tant d’initier une communautĂ© de pratique de territoire en enseignement supĂ©rieur pour soutenir le dĂ©veloppement des compĂ©tences pĂ©dagogiques des formateurs et enseignants du milieu de la santĂ©.Cette coopĂ©ration d’établissement autour du projet de l’IFPEK s’est dĂ©veloppĂ©e grĂące Ă  une proximitĂ© gĂ©ographique avec deux autres Ă©tablissements dĂ©jĂ  bien avancĂ©e dans cette rĂ©flexion de la transformation et de l’accompagnement au dĂ©veloppement pĂ©dagogique : l’universitĂ© de Rennes 2 (avec le SUP - service universitaire de pĂ©dagogie) et l’EHESP (avec son Centre d'Appui PĂ©dagogique) : chaque Ă©tablissement agissant en complĂ©mentaritĂ© sur la conception de ce premier dispositif de dĂ©veloppement professionnel des formateurs. L’analyse de cette expĂ©rimentation d’ingĂ©nierie collaborative s’est aussi rĂ©alisĂ©e entre les trois Ă©tablissements

    IL-33 Enhances IFNγ and TNFα Production by Human MAIT Cells: A New Pro-Th1 Effect of IL-33

    No full text
    International audienceMucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells represent a distinct T cell population restricted by the MHC-class-I-related molecule, MR1, which recognizes microbial-derived vitamin B2 (riboflavin) metabolites. Their abundance in humans, together with their ability to promptly produce distinct cytokines including interferon γ (IFNγ) and tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα), are consistent with regulatory functions in innate as well as adaptive immunity. Here, we tested whether the alarmin interleukin 33 (IL-33), which is secreted following inflammation or cell damage, could activate human MAIT cells. We found that MAIT cells stimulated with IL-33 produced high levels of IFNγ, TNFα and Granzyme B (GrzB). The action of IL-33 required IL-12 but was independent of T cell receptor (TCR) cross-linking. MAIT cells expressed the IL-33 receptor ST2 (suppression of tumorigenicity 2) and upregulated Tbet (T-box expressed in T cells) in response to IL-12 or IL-33. Electronically sorted MAIT cells also upregulated the expression of CCL3 (Chemokine C-C motif ligand 3), CD40L (CD40 Ligand), CSF-1 (Colony Stimulating Factor 1), LTA (Lymphotoxin-alpha) and IL-2RA (IL-2 receptor alpha chain) mRNAs in response to IL-33 plus IL-12. In conclusion, IL-33 combined with IL-12 can directly target MAIT cells to induce their activation and cytokine production. This novel mechanism of IL-33 activation provides insight into the mode of action by which human MAIT cells can promote inflammatory responses in a TCR-independent manner

    Cryo-EM structures of type IV pili complexed with nanobodies reveal immune escape mechanisms

    No full text
    International audienceAbstract Type IV pili (T4P) are prevalent, polymeric surface structures in pathogenic bacteria, making them ideal targets for effective vaccines. However, bacteria have evolved efficient strategies to evade type IV pili-directed antibody responses. Neisseria meningitidis are prototypical type IV pili-expressing Gram-negative bacteria responsible for life threatening sepsis and meningitis. This species has evolved several genetic strategies to modify the surface of its type IV pili, changing pilin subunit amino acid sequence, nature of glycosylation and phosphoforms, but how these modifications affect antibody binding at the structural level is still unknown. Here, to explore this question, we determine cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) structures of pili of different sequence types with sufficiently high resolution to visualize posttranslational modifications. We then generate nanobodies directed against type IV pili which alter pilus function in vitro and in vivo. Cyro-EM in combination with molecular dynamics simulation of the nanobody-pilus complexes reveals how the different types of pili surface modifications alter nanobody binding. Our findings shed light on the impressive complementarity between the different strategies used by bacteria to avoid antibody binding. Importantly, we also show that structural information can be used to make informed modifications in nanobodies as countermeasures to these immune evasion mechanisms

    Mobilized Multipotent Hematopoietic Progenitors Stabilize and Expand Regulatory T Cells to Protect Against Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis

    No full text
    International audienceAchieving immunoregulation via in vivo expansion of Foxp3+ regulatory CD4+ T cells (Treg) remains challenging. We have shown that mobilization confers to multipotent hematopoietic progenitors (MPPs) the capacity to enhance Treg proliferation. Transcriptomic analysis of Tregs co-cultured with MPPs revealed enhanced expression of genes stabilizing the suppressive function of Tregs as well as the activation of IL-1b–driven pathways. Adoptive transfer of only 25,000 MPPs effectively reduced the development of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), a pre-clinical model for multiple sclerosis (MS). Production of the pathogenic cytokines IL-17 and GM-CSF by spinal cord-derived CD4+ T-cells in MPP-protected recipients was reduced while Treg expansion was enhanced. Treg depletion once protection by MPPs was established, triggered disease relapse to the same level as in EAE mice without MPP injection. The key role of IL-1bwas further confirmed in vivo by the lack of protection against EAE in recipients of IL-1b–deficient MPPs. Mobilized MPPs may thus be worth considering for cell therapy of MS either per se or for enrichment of HSC grafts in autologous bone marrow transplantation already implemented in patients with severe refractory multiple sclerosis
    corecore